動(dòng)詞的理解運(yùn)用

1、動(dòng)詞的理解與運(yùn)用程中,帀。這里主要身份。動(dòng)詞之外還英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)變化多端的詞性，時(shí)時(shí)在變，處處在變。所以在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過要時(shí)時(shí)想著動(dòng)詞的變化。動(dòng)詞分為系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)講系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。第一節(jié)系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞（即連系動(dòng)詞）用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，說明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，特征或 常見的系動(dòng)詞是 be，它的三種變化形式為：am , is , are . 除了 be有一些，他們大致可分為四類：1）表示“似乎"如: appear , seem2）表示“感覺”女口： look , sou nd , feel , taste , smell3）表示 “變化"女口： be

2、come , come , get , grow , turn , fall, go4）表示其他含義如： keep ,remain , stay , stand , prove例句如下：1. The old man seems deaf . 那個(gè)老頭似乎聾了。2. He appears quite well .她顯得很健康。3. She didn，t feel safe enough ,她不感覺足夠的安全。4. The mixture tasted terrible .這個(gè)混合物聞起來很難聞。5. Now my dream has come true ,現(xiàn)在我的夢(mèng)想已經(jīng)變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。6. Jam

3、es grew bigger every year .詹姆斯一年年地長(zhǎng)大。7. You must keep healthy .你必須保持身體健康。8. Country music today remains much the same as before ,今天的鄉(xiāng)村音樂還是與從前一個(gè)樣。應(yīng)用系動(dòng)詞是應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾個(gè)問題：（一）除去be以外的系動(dòng)詞在用法上與 be有點(diǎn)不同，有be動(dòng)詞的句子變?yōu)橐?問句 或否定句時(shí)，直接前提或加not o例如：He is in the classroom .他在教室。Is he in the classroom ?他在教室嗎？He is n ot in the

4、classroom,他不在教室。而其他系動(dòng)詞變疑問句或否定句時(shí)與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞相同。例如：The Ianguage spoken in these places stayed the same? 另些地方講的語(yǔ)言都是一樣。Did the Ian guage spoke n in these places stayed the same?那些地方講的語(yǔ)言都是一樣嗎？The Ianguage spoken in these places didn，t stay the same ?另些地方講的語(yǔ)言不都一樣。又如：She proved a very strict teacher .他證明是一位非常嚴(yán)格的教

5、師。Did she prove a very strict teacher?他證明是一位非常嚴(yán)格的教師嗎？She didn，t prove a very strict teacher .他不證明是一位非常嚴(yán)格的教師。（二）一般來講，系動(dòng)詞之后用形容詞作表語(yǔ)能表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征，這時(shí)回答"怎么樣 ” 的問題。如： The book is interesting ,（ interesting 是 形容詞，表示主語(yǔ) book 的性質(zhì)，對(duì)表語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問可以說： How is the book ? （這 本書怎么 樣？）。名詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的身份，回答 “什么”問題。如： He is a te

6、acher .（ teacher 是名詞，它表示主語(yǔ)的身份，對(duì)表語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問可以說 : What is he ? ）當(dāng)然，副詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)名詞都可以作表語(yǔ)，分別表示不同的含義。如： The professor is at home .教授在家。 at home 為介詞短語(yǔ)The computer is mine . 這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)是我的。 mine 為代詞Five and six is eleven .五加六等于十一。 eleven 為數(shù)詞He is out. 他出去了。 out 為副詞My job is looking after the children . 我的工作是照看小

7、孩。looking. 為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)The film is moving . 電影很動(dòng)人。 moving 為分詞練習(xí)題1. 指出下列句子中的系動(dòng)詞l.Our class are all out on the playground .2. What are the women doing over there ?3 .What we need are good textbooks .4. The door was opened by the boy.5. The win dow is ope n .6.1 turned to the left and saw a strange man .7. T

8、here are five trees over there.8.1 felt the desk and the desk felt cool.9. Please look at the picture.10.lt looks very nice.1 l.It sounds a good idea.Please sound the bell and ask him to come in.12.The pla nt which I grew in my garde n is grow ing higher and higher.答案：l.are 3. are 5.is 8第二個(gè) felt 是系動(dòng)

9、詞 10. looks 11. sou nds 12 is grow ingII.填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使句意完整1. It he who found the lost purse .2. the stude nts look ing over the ani mals now?3. The n ews excit ing .4. the an swer sound reas on able ?5. a new factory set up last year ?6. he careful about his studies ?答案：l.was 2.Are 3.is 4.Does 5.Was 6.1s第

10、二節(jié)助動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞是用來幫助構(gòu)成疑問句、否定句、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句以及各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、 語(yǔ)氣等的詞，助動(dòng)詞沒有詞義。常見的助動(dòng)詞有：be , have, do , shall, will它們隨著人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化。例如：They are dancing and singing . （ are 幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）English is spoken by many people . （is 幫助構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）We have studied En glish for five years. （ have 幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）She did not go to town yesterday . （di

11、d 幫助構(gòu)成否定句）Only then did I realize that I was wrong .（ did 幫助構(gòu)成倒裝句型）Do give her my regards . （ do幫助構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)詞give）I shall write you a letter next mon th .（ shall 幫助構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)）語(yǔ)氣）If it were fine yesterday , I could have come to see you .（could , have 幫助構(gòu)成虛擬要是明天好天，我回去看你的。練習(xí)題I. 找出下列句子中的助動(dòng)詞1. Never does he

12、get up at five o'clock .2. They did remember the date whe n they met at he spot.3 .They have bee n married for ten years .4.1 said that they would accept our tha nks .5 .They have n't fini shed what they were asked to do .6. They seldom call at this Ion ely place , do they ?7. The Smiths hav

13、e a pretty daughter .8. The computer is for the teacher not for the students.答案：1 .does 2.did 3.have bee n 4.would 5.have , were 6. do 7.have不是助動(dòng)詞 8.is 不是助 動(dòng)詞II. 填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使句意完整1. We go to Shanghai next Sunday .2. They not hear the sound last night.3. He not smoke and neither his brother.4. Hardly he go

14、ne to bed when there was a knock at the door .5. the doctors giving the first aid to the dying child ?6. It said that a lot of flowers have planted recently .7. He suggested that we follow the way the teacher had showed us.8. They lived here since this village celebrated .9. you ever been to the Gre

15、at Wall ?10. she usually write to you ?答案： 1 .will 2. did 3. does , does 4. had 5. Are 6. is , been 7. should 8.have, was9. Have lO.Does第三節(jié)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又叫行為動(dòng)詞，它分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。所謂及物動(dòng)詞是指動(dòng)詞后需要賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如： We all love our motherland . （我們都熱愛我們的祖國(guó)。 love 為 及物動(dòng)詞）所謂不及物動(dòng)詞是指不能跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，只能接狀語(yǔ)或其他成分。如： He smiled when he saw he

16、r.（他見到她時(shí)笑了 。smiled為不及物動(dòng)詞。）有些動(dòng)詞既是及 物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞，如： We study English . （我們學(xué)習(xí)英 語(yǔ)。 study 為及物動(dòng)詞。） We study hard . （我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。 study 為不及物 動(dòng)詞。）及物動(dòng)詞又被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)而不及 物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)椴患拔飫?dòng)詞不能 跟賓語(yǔ)。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞在句中變化無常，時(shí)時(shí) 在變，處處在變，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)掌握實(shí)義動(dòng) 詞的變化最重要，它主要隨主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)的變 化以及動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間的不同而變 化。以 work 為例，He often works . （他經(jīng)常工作。）We often work. （我們經(jīng)常工作。）He

17、 worked yesterday .（他昨天工作。）He has worked for three hours .（ 他已經(jīng)工作三個(gè)小時(shí)了。 ）He is working now . （他正在工作。）He will work tomorrow . （他明天將要工作 。）He had worked for three hours by the end of last Sunday . （到上星期日末他已經(jīng)工作 三個(gè) 小時(shí)了。）He said that he would work the next day . （他說第二天他將要工作 。）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又分為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞

18、，它所表示的 不是 具體動(dòng)作，這類動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的。如： have, keep ,belong,be, exist動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞是表示具體動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，一部分是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，一部分是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 如： 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 hit ,stop , buy , jump ,borrow ；延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 sit, talk ,do , sing練習(xí)題I. 用所給詞的正確形式填空1. A pair of glasses been found . ( have )2. There a bus and several cars. ( come )3. Half of them gone. (be)4. Fred a waiter for two years before he went to university .( be )5. When I entered the room , I him drawing.( find )6. The football match this afternoon . ( hold )7. We can do nothing unless we more time