中考重難點語法精講6--動詞

1、中考重難點語法精講中考重難點語法精講(六六) 動詞動詞 動詞在中考中占有重要地位。根據(jù)意動詞在中考中占有重要地位。根據(jù)意義和句法作用義和句法作用, 動詞可分為實義動詞，連動詞可分為實義動詞，連系動詞系動詞, 助動詞助動詞, 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞; 根據(jù)動詞的根據(jù)動詞的形式形式, 又可分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞。又可分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞。中考需掌握八種時態(tài)中考需掌握八種時態(tài) (一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時, 一般一般過去時過去時, 一般將來時一般將來時, 過去進行時過去進行時, 過去將過去將來時來時, 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時, 現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時成時)。另外考生還需掌握被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)。另

2、外考生還需掌握被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。成及用法。中考重難點語法精練中考重難點語法精練(六六) 動詞動詞【中考鏈接中考鏈接】1. - Food safety is a serious problem in China. If we dont pay attention to it, the situation will be _worse. - Fortunately, our government is working hard to _ it. ( 2013深圳深圳) A. very; accept B. even; accept C. even; improve D. very; impro

3、ve2. - Bob! Would you please ask all your classmates _ before Miss Li _ back? - OK. Ill tell them right away. ( 2013深圳深圳 ) A. not to leave, will come B. not to leave, comes C. dont leave; comes D. dont leave; will come3. - Milie, where is Miss Li? - She _ a speech on Chinese art to the first-year st

4、udents in the hall. (2013 南京南京) A. givesB. gave C. is givingD. has given4. - Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann? - It _ be her. She is giving a performance at the theater now. A. mayB. must C. cantD. mustnt5. I _ Mr Smith since he moved to Shanghai. (2012北京北京) A. didnt hear from B. dont hear

5、 from C. wont hear fromD. havent heard from一、考查動詞的類型一、考查動詞的類型【例例1】Oh, it _ so nice. What beautiful music it is! (2013重慶重慶)A. smellsB. sounds C. tastesD. looks【解析解析】此題考察系動詞此題考察系動詞 (如如be, feel, look, sound, taste, smell, get, turn等等) +形容詞的用法。形容詞的用法。題干的意思是題干的意思是 “它聽起來如此美妙。多它聽起來如此美妙。多么悅耳的音樂么悅耳的音樂!”, 根據(jù)意

6、思根據(jù)意思, 即可得出答即可得出答案為案為sounds。二、考查動詞的時態(tài)二、考查動詞的時態(tài)【例例2】- You look very nice in your new dress today.- Oh, really? I _ it when it was on sale. (2013廣州廣州)A. buyB. boughtC. have bought D. will buy【解析解析】根據(jù)根據(jù)when it was on sale可知主句的動作可知主句的動作也發(fā)生在過去也發(fā)生在過去, 故正確選項為故正確選項為B?！纠?】- Its said a pianist will perform a

7、t Poly Theater on Friday evening. Is it Lang Lang?- Yes, it _him. He _ for a week. (2012深圳深圳)A. must be; has arrived hereB. maybe; has been hereC. must be; has been hereD. maybe; has arrived here【解析解析】第一空考查第一空考查must作肯定猜測的用法作肯定猜測的用法; 第第二空根據(jù)題意要采用現(xiàn)在完成時二空根據(jù)題意要采用現(xiàn)在完成時, 因而要因而要使用延續(xù)性動詞。使用延續(xù)性動詞。三、考查動詞的語態(tài)三、考查

8、動詞的語態(tài)【例例4】 - What will you do _ the summer holiday?- I think I shall watch London Olympic Games. It will _ in August. (2012深圳深圳)A. during; be held B. at; holdC. during; hold D. at; be held【解析解析】 第二空中主語第二空中主語it所指所指London Olympic Games, 與謂語與謂語hold是被動關(guān)系，又因有是被動關(guān)系，又因有will, 所以要用將來時的被動語態(tài)。所以要用將來時的被動語態(tài)?！就卣雇卣?/p>

9、】1. 連系動詞連系動詞 (如如look, sound, taste, smell, feel, get, become等等) 和不及物動詞和不及物動詞 (如如happen, die, appear, take place等等) 無被無被動語態(tài)。動語態(tài)。2. 在主動語態(tài)中在主動語態(tài)中, 表示感官動詞表示感官動詞 (如如see, watch, notice, hear等等) 以及使役動詞以及使役動詞 (如如make, let, have等等) 后面接省略后面接省略to的不定的不定式做賓語補足語式做賓語補足語, 但是在被動語態(tài)中要把但是在被動語態(tài)中要把to還原。如還原。如: The naughty

10、 boy made my brother cry. (主動主動) My brother was made to cry by the naughty boy. (被動被動)3. 后置定語。如果動詞與其修飾的名詞后置定語。如果動詞與其修飾的名詞之間是被動關(guān)系之間是被動關(guān)系, 那么動詞要用過去分那么動詞要用過去分詞的形式作定語詞的形式作定語, 放在該名詞后面。如放在該名詞后面。如: Is there anybody injured in the accident? I know a man called Peter.【檢測反饋檢測反饋】從從A. B. C. D四個選項中選出最佳答案。四個選項中選出

11、最佳答案。1. Lang Lang _ as the most successful pianist in China. A. are thought B. calls C. is considered D. is called2. Mom is pleased becase the dish _ good. A. is tastedB. tastes C. tasteD. is tasting3. After the earthquake, there were thousands of houses _. People had _ in temporary tents. A. destro

12、yed; to live B. destroy; live C. destroying; lived D. to destroy; to live4. The tourist was seen _ rubbish in the place of interest, so he should _. A. to throwing, warnB. threw; be warned C. throw; warnedD. to throw; be warned5. Mo Yans books _ well after he _ the Nobel Prize. A. are sold, wins B.

13、sell, won C. are selling; wins D. have sold; won【考場練兵】. 選擇填空。1. Excuse me, is this the way to No. 5 Middle School? Oh, sorry. Im not sure. It _ be. A. must B. should C. may2. Its getting late. I really _ go home now. A. must B. can C. might3. More and more students wear glasses in our school. Yeah.

14、I think students _ keep on doing eye exercises to protect their eyes. A. should B. may C. could4. Life gets easier with the Internet. Thats true. Almost everything _ be done online. A. had better B. can C. need5. Must I be home before eight oclock, Mum? No, you _. But youll have to come back home be

15、fore ten oclock. A. mustnt B. may not C. dont have to6. Hello, Han Mei! Im a reporter from Shenzhen Daily. _ I ask you some questions? Sure, go ahead. A. Should B. May C. Must7. Youd better _ early every day. Its good for your health. Thanks. Ill do as you say. A. get up B. to get up C. getting up8.

16、 You _ park here, sir. Look at the sign! It says “No parking”. Sorry, I didnt notice it just now. A. may not B. neednt C. mustnt 9. How do you usually go to school? My school is far away, so I _ take the bus to school. A. can B. might C. have to10. Have you seen Jack? His mother is looking for him a

17、ll the afternoon. No, I havent. She _ be very worried now. A. must B. need C. should【考場練兵】. 選擇填空。1. Lucy _ swimming with her sister twice a month. A. has gone B. is going C. goes2. We will go for a picnic if the weather _ fine tomorrow. A. was B. is C. will be3. I went to visit the Browns yesterday,

18、 but they were not at home. Well, they _ to London. A. will go B. have been C. have gone4. Listen! Someone _ in the next room. A. is singing B. sings C. has sung5. Our teacher told us the Sun _ much bigger than the Earth. A. is B. was C. would be6. When I got home, my mother _ the house by herself.

19、A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned7. My father _ to Canada on business next month. A. goes B. has gone C. will go8. When _ your aunt come to China? Well, she _ in China for five year. A. did; has lived B. does; is living C. has; was living9. Tom _ TV at home at eight oclock yesterday. A.

20、has watched B. will watch C. was watching10. Are you sure that your father _ back in three days? A. has come B. will come C. was coming【考場練兵】. 選擇填空。1. What does your sister usually do on Saturday mornings? She often practises _ the piano for an hour. A. to play B. played C. playing2. Its too difficu

21、lt for me _ the work in such a short time. Anything is possible if you put your heart into it. A. finish B. to finish C. finishing3. Suddenly, the house began to shake. Then he stopped _ music and rushed out quickly. A. listened to B. to listen to C. listening to4. Liu Qiang used _ on the right in C

22、hina, but now he has got used _ on the left in England. A. to drive; to driving B. driving; driving C. to drive; to drive5. Is Simon in the library? No, he isnt. I saw him _ out with some books just now. A. gone B. go C. to go6. Wendy, how to make a short video with a mobile phone? You can use an ap

23、p called Meipai. Let me show you _. A. which to use it B. how to use it C. where to use it7. Would you like to go shopping with me this weekend? Id love to, but Ill have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. to do8. In the past, he always made his little sister_. A. cry B. crying C. to cry. 用括號中所給詞

24、的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Look! The students _(play) in the playground.2. Have you watched the new movie Zootopia, Jack? Not yet. I _(watch) it with my cousin this evening.3. Look at the sign! It says “No photos”. Oh, sorry. I _(not see) it.4. We will go climbing next month as soon as the holiday _(begin).5. I mis

25、sed Lindas call because at that time I _(take) a shower.are playingwill watchdidnt see beginswas taking 6. My uncle is a doctor. He _(work) in a local hospital.7. Could you please tell me when the professor _(come) to our school?8. The little girl _(read) fifteen books up to now.9. Have you finished

26、 the report? Not yet. I _(finish) it in three days.10. Alice _(buy) a beautiful scarf for her mother yesterday.workswill comehas readwill finishbought. 用括號中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Kitty enjoys _(draw) pictures in her free time.2. The doctor encouraged his patients _(eat) healthy food.3. It was careless of hi

27、m _(pour) the soup all over the kitchen floor.4. When I met the little girl, I couldnt help _(hug) her.5. What do you use this towel for? I use it _(cover) the computer.drawing to eat to pour hugging to cover 6. If you happen to talk to him, have him _(ring) me up.7. Do you think it easy _(learn) En

28、glish? I find it hard, but its useful.8. We havent decided when _(take) a holiday yet.ring to learn to take . 根據(jù)漢語意思，補充完整下列句子，每空詞數(shù)不限。1. 當(dāng)電話響的時候，我正在看我是歌手。 I _ I Am a Singer when the phone rang.2. 電影已經(jīng)開演一小時了。 The film _ for an hour already.3. 請安靜！孩子們正在臥室睡覺。 Please be quiet. The children _ in the bedro

29、om.was watchinghas been onare sleeping 4. 我爸爸決定當(dāng)他老了要在海南生活。 My father decides that he _in Hainan when he is old.5. 我妹妹告訴我當(dāng)她長大后她想成為一名教 師。 My sister told me that she _ to become a teacher when she grew up. will livewanted 中考語法復(fù)習(xí) 情態(tài)動詞 【考點小結(jié)】 can/could的用法 1. can表示能力，意為“能，會”，其否定形式cant意為“不能，不會”。can的過去式是cou

30、ld，否定形式是couldnt。 2. can/could還可以表示請求或許可，could比can的語氣更加委婉、客氣，常用句型有Can/Could I/you .?。 must的用法 1. must意為“必須”，其否定形式mustnt意為“禁止”。注意must和have to在用法上的區(qū)別：must表示說話人的主觀看法，而have to表示客觀的需要，意為“不得不”。 2. 回答must開頭的一般疑問句時，如果是否定回答，用neednt或dont have to，意為“不必”。 3. must還可以表示推測、可能性，意為“一定，肯定”，用于肯定句。表示推測“不可能”時，要用cant。 may

31、/might的用法 1. may/might表示請求或許可，意為“可以”，might比may的語氣更委婉，常用句型有May/Might I .?。否定回答時用cant或mustnt，意為“不可以，禁止”。 2. may/might還可以表示推測、可能性，意為“也許，可能”。might所表示的可能性比may小。 其他情態(tài)動詞的用法 1. had better意為“最好”，常用來提建議，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。否定形式had better not意為“最好不要”。 2. should意為“應(yīng)該”，常用來表示建議、責(zé)任或義務(wù)，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，相當(dāng)于ought to。否定形式為should not

32、 (=shouldnt)，意為“不應(yīng)該”。 3. need意為“需要”，作情態(tài)動詞時，常用于疑問句、否定句。否定形式為neednt。中考語法復(fù)習(xí) 動詞時態(tài) 【考點小結(jié)】 初中階段常見的時態(tài)主要有一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、一般過去時、過去進行時和一般將來時。 一般現(xiàn)在時 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實和普遍真理，其謂語動詞用原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 2. 一般現(xiàn)在時常與always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, twice a year, every month, on weekdays等連用。 現(xiàn)在進行時 1

33、. 現(xiàn)在進行時通常表示說話時或這段時間正在進行的動作，其謂語用am / is / are +V-ing。 2. 現(xiàn)在進行時常與now, at present, at the moment等連用。當(dāng)句中有l(wèi)ook, listen等提示語時，其后常用現(xiàn)在進行時。 3. go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來，表示計劃或安排要進行的動作。 現(xiàn)在完成時 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，也可表示某動作從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去，其謂語用have / has +動詞的過去分詞。 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時常與yet,

34、 already, just, ever, never, recently, so far, since +過去某一時刻, for + 一段時間, in the past few years等連用。 一般過去時 1. 一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，其謂語動詞用過去式。 2. 一般過去時常與yesterday, last week, in 1945, a few days ago, the day before yesterday等連用。 過去進行時 1. 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻正在發(fā)生的動作或過去某段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)進行的動作，其謂語動詞用was / were + V-ing

35、。 2. 過去進行時常與at that time, at this time yesterday, at seven last night, from to last night等連用。 一般將來時 1. 一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，其謂語動詞用will / be going to +動詞原形?！皐ill +動詞原形”主要表示說話人知道或認(rèn)為將會發(fā)生某事，或表示說話人說話時做的決定?！癰e going to +動詞原形”表示計劃要做的事情，或表示說話人根據(jù)現(xiàn)在已有的跡象判斷將要或即將發(fā)生某種情況。 2. there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時要用therewill be或there is / are going to be。 3. 一般將來時常與tomorrow, tomorrowmorning, next week, in two days, in 2050等連用。中考語法復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動詞 【考點小結(jié)】 非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞，在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。 動詞不定式 1. 作主語 動詞不定式作主語時，一般用代詞it來充當(dāng)形式主語，而將真正的主語（動詞不定式）放在后面，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為It is + adj.（+for/of sb.）+ to do sth.。 2. 作賓語 agree, fail, want, decide