商務(wù)英語名詞解釋

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流商務(wù)英語名詞解釋.精品文檔.1. Budget 預(yù)算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2. Return 回報(bào)the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sa

2、le of the investment.3. Portfolio 證券投資組合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling4. Royalty 專利稅money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the ow

3、ner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.5. Patent 專利權(quán)a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.6. No

4、n-tariff barrier 非貿(mào)易壁壘all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.7. Franchise 經(jīng)銷權(quán)an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the p

5、roducts in a certain area.8.Purchasing power 購(gòu)買力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.9. PPP 購(gòu)買力平價(jià)purchasing power parity10. tariff 關(guān)稅tax levied by the customs11.barriers to trade 貿(mào)易壁壘any action by a government to limit or prevent the free f

6、low of goods in and out of its country.12.primary commodities 初級(jí)產(chǎn)品those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materials13.drawback 退稅duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported14.specific duties 從量稅duties levied on the

7、basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods15.ad valorem duties 從價(jià)稅duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods16.carriage 運(yùn)費(fèi)the price or cost of transportation17.voluntary offer 主動(dòng)發(fā)盤an offer made on the initiative of the offerer18.contracting parties 締約方signatories

8、 of an agreement19.force majeure 不可抗力 social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party20.firm offer 持盤an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer21.offeree 受要約人the party to whom an offer is made22.hyperinflation 極度通貨膨脹soaring

9、 of prices beyond control23.inflation 通貨膨脹rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit tectionism 貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and other means imposed on competitive imports25.bilateral 雙邊的

10、of two sides26.bundling 捆綁式銷售the exchange of goods or services are tied together27.creditors 債權(quán)人a person to whom one owns money28.debtor 債務(wù)人a person who owes money29.default 違約fail to carry out an obligation30.draft 匯票an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money31

11、.remittance 匯款the sending of money or the money sent32.drawer 出票人the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter33.drawee 受票人the person to whom a draft is drawn34.credit-worthiness 資信being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment35.applicant of an L/C 

12、;出口信用證the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C36.beneficiary 受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export37.confirming bank 保兌行the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C38.reimburse 退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has sp

13、ent39.clean credit 光票信用證a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment40.sight credit 即期信用證a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft41.middleman 中間商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer42.consignee 收貨人the pa

14、rty in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped43.shipping marks 嘜頭what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation44.insurance policy 保險(xiǎn)單a document used for covering possible risks45.title 抬頭right to the possession of

15、a position or property46.insured 被保險(xiǎn)人a person covered by an insurance policy47.premium 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract48.potential loss 潛在損失loss which is possible to incur49.claim 索賠a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy50.margi

16、n 利潤(rùn)amount above what is estimated as necessary51.underwriter 保險(xiǎn)公司a person who carries on insurance as a business52.invoice 發(fā)票a document for the general description of the goods and the pricepensation 賠償金something given or received as an equivalent for loss54.pooling 聯(lián)營(yíng)a com

17、bination of funds formed for common advantage55.multi-modal transportation 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)transport that combines road, rail, sea and air56.redeem 兌換to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock57.settlement 結(jié)算the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc58.exchan

18、ge rate 匯率the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency59.money circulation 貨幣流通money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services60.devaluation 貨幣貶值the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in unit

19、s of gold or as compared with other currencies61.reserve 儲(chǔ)備金money held aside to meet future demand62.investment 投資the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns63.quota 配額a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity64.VER 自動(dòng)出口限制an

20、 agreement by a countrys exporters or government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another ellectual property 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy-right66

21、.tax holiday 免稅期a period of time during which tax is not levied67.joint venture 合資企業(yè)a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms68.gilts 金邊債券stocks issued by government69.cost-effective 成本效益好producing optimum results for the expenditure70.ant

22、i-dumping 反傾銷one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured71.mandate 授權(quán)authority given to perform a duty72.contracting party 締約國(guó)a country or f

23、irm that signs a legal agreement73.Visible trade有形貿(mào)易 : The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)74.Invisible trade無形貿(mào)易

24、 : The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.75.FDI( foreign direct investments) is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.76.Portfolio invest

25、ment證券投資 : Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.77.Bonds債券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.78.Licensing許可經(jīng)營(yíng) : In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intel

26、lectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.79.Franchising特許經(jīng)營(yíng) : a firm called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the

27、franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.80.Franchiser特許方 : A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.81.Franchisee被特許方 : A firm is allowed to operate in th

28、e name of another.82.GNP國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 : Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.83.GDP國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 : Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of a

29、n economy.84.Per capita GDP人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 : It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.85.Income distribution收入分布 : The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.86.Free trade area自由貿(mào)易區(qū) : The members remove

30、barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policy87.Customs union關(guān)稅同盟 : The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy88.Common market共同市場(chǎng) : The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of productio

31、n and adopt the same external policy.89.Economic Union (EU)經(jīng)濟(jì)同盟 : The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.90.Parent MNC headq

32、uarter跨國(guó)公司母公司，總部 is the original investing multinational corporation . It is also the international headquarters of the MNE .91.Home county母國(guó) : The country where the headquarter of the investor is located.92.Host country東道國(guó) : The host country is a foreign country where the investor op

33、erates.93.Absolute advantage絕對(duì)利益 : It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)100.Comparative advantage比較利益 : Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, there is

34、still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.1.International trade國(guó)際貿(mào)易 : The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.2.Import duties進(jìn)口關(guān)稅 : Tariffs levied on goods entering an area3.Export duties出口關(guān)稅 : Taxes levied on goods leavin

35、g an area4.Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠國(guó)待遇 : A tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country5.Inquiry / enquiry詢盤、詢價(jià) : It is made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be or

36、dered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.6.Quotation報(bào)盤 : Estimate of how much something will cost7.Counter offer還盤: New offer made by the original offeree to the original offerer8.inflation : Rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, ex

37、pansion of money supply, credit etc9.Barter易貨貿(mào)易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.10.Counter purchase反向購(gòu)買、互購(gòu)貿(mào)易: The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partia

38、l payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.11.Buyback回購(gòu)貿(mào)易: An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.12.Remittance 匯付: This method is always employed by the pa

39、rties who are familiar with and trust each other13.Documentary draft跟單匯票: The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.14.Documentary collection跟單托收: It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when t

40、he customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.15.Sight draft即期匯票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.16.Usance draft遠(yuǎn)期匯票 Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.17.Draft匯票:= Bill o

41、f exchange . It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.18.bill of exchange 匯票written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment19.Applicant (Opener or Principal)申請(qǐng)人: The p

42、erson who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer)20.applicant of an L/C :The importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C21.Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)開證行: The bank that issues the credit.22.Opening bank: the bank that issues the letter of

43、 credit is called the opening bank .23.Beneficiary受益人 :The exporter in whose favor the credit is opened24.Correspondent band往來行、關(guān)系行 :The bank in the exporters country, which the opening bank sends the credit to it25.Advising bank通知行: The bank in the exporters country, which advises th

44、e exporter the L/C, is received.26.Confirming bank保兌行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.27.Paying bank付款行: The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.28.Negotiating bank議付行: The bank buys the exporters draft submitted to it under a credit.29.The documentary credit

45、跟單信用證: The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.30.Revocable credit可撤消信用證: The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.31.Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用證 : The credit that can not be amended or revoked withou

46、t the consent of al the parties concerned.32.Confirmed credit保兌信用證: The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank33.Unconfirmed credit不保兌信用 ：The credit isnt confirmed by another bank34.Sight credit即期信用證: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the

47、draft35.usance credit (Term credit, Time credit)遠(yuǎn)期信用證: The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after sight.36.Transferable credit可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.37.Non-tra

48、nsferable credit不可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證: The credit can not be transferred.38.Non-draft credit無匯票信用證: The credit that payment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.39.Revolving credit循環(huán)信用證: The credit stipulated that its amount can be r

49、enewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.40.Commercial invoice商業(yè)發(fā)票: The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price. 41.Legal holder合法持有人 is an owner of a property who is entitled to it by law42.P

50、acking list裝箱單: The documents gives information such as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.43.Straight bill of lading記名提單: It is made out so that only the

51、named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.44.Common carrier公共承運(yùn)人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.45.Contract carrier契約承運(yùn)人:

52、0;Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company).46.Insured被保險(xiǎn)人，保戶: The person who transfer risk.47.Insurer承保人: The person or a company who assume risk (the insurance company, the underwriter).48.Cargo insurance貨物保險(xiǎn): It is a

53、n activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.49.Marine insurance海上保險(xiǎn): The insurance of ships and their cargoes.50.Insurance保險(xiǎn): It is a social device in which a group

54、of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.51.Direct quote / quotation（匯率）直接標(biāo)價(jià): A direct exchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the home currency. 1美元=6.8元 外幣為基準(zhǔn)52.Indirect quote / quotation（匯率

55、）間接標(biāo)價(jià): An indirect exchange rate is the price of home currency in terms of a foreign currency.53.Buying rate買入價(jià): It refers to the rate by which a commercial bank buys a currency.54.Selling rate賣出價(jià): It is the rate by which a bank sells a currency.55.Medial rate中間價(jià) It is the averag

56、e of the buying rate and the selling rate.56.SDR特別提款權(quán): Special Drawing Right. It is sometimes called paper gold and used to settle official transaction at the IMF.57.Anti-dumping反傾銷: to restrict the export expansion of other plan : 商業(yè)計(jì)劃 future actions to be taken by a comp

57、any, concerning products, production, market, investment, etc.59.collateral : property or an item of value acceptable as security for a loan or other obligation.擔(dān)保物：被接受作為抵押或其他義務(wù)擔(dān)保的財(cái)產(chǎn)60.stock exchange:證券交易市場(chǎng) a market where stocks and shares are bought and sold under fixed rules, but at prices determi

58、ned by supply & demand.61.retail :零售the sale of goods or commodities in small quantities directly to consumers.62.tax deduction : an expense費(fèi)用that a taxpayer is allowed to deduct from taxable income.63.policy :保單 the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract that is issued t

59、o the policyholder投保人 by company.64.public relations :公關(guān) PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between an organization and the people outside it.65.depression : a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and

60、unemployment. 蕭條，不景氣：國(guó)家（或國(guó)際）經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣的一段時(shí)期，其特征是商業(yè)活動(dòng)減少、價(jià)格下降、失業(yè)66.Trade deficit :貿(mào)易逆差 imports minus exports of goods and services.67.trade surplus:貿(mào)易順差exports minus imports of goods and services.68.Balance of trade 貿(mào)易支付差額 the value of countrys exports minus the value of its imports.69.trade sanction : use of a trade policy as a sanction, most commonly an embargo禁運(yùn) imposed against a country for violating human rights.70.trade reciprocity貿(mào)易互惠 : the practice by which governments extend similar concessions 讓步 to each other, as when one govt lowers its tariffs or other barriers impeding its im