有機(jī)化學(xué)課件：第六章 立體化學(xué)

1、CCH3HBrCCH2CH3BrHCH3CH2CH3CCH3HOHCH2CH3COHCH3HH3CH2CCHCH2CH3H3COHCHH3CH2CCH3HO鏡鏡 面面圖圖6.3 2丁醇的對映異構(gòu)體丁醇的對映異構(gòu)體 (+)(+)乳酸乳酸 (+)-Lactic acid(-)(-)乳酸乳酸(-)-Lactic acidCHHOCOOHCH3COHHHOOCCH31,2環(huán)氧丙烷環(huán)氧丙烷OCCH2HCH3OCCH3HH2C= B ltCH3HHOCH2CH3()2丁醇丁醇 (+)2丁醇丁醇CH2CH3CH3HOHD = 13.25 D = +13.2520D 92.8。（ ）水=CCH2CH3HCH3

2、CCH3BrHCH3CH2CCOOHCH3HHOH2C COHCH3CDHClCH3CDCH3ClHCHDCH3ClCDHCH3ClCHOCH3HCOOHCOHCH3HOOCHCOHHCH3CH2CH3CH3CH2CH3HOHCHHOCH3CH2CH3CCH3CH2CH3HHOCH3CH2CH3BrHCH3HBrCH2CH3CH3CH2CH3BrHCH3CH2CH3BrHCH3CH2CH3BrHHOHCOOHCH3對調(diào)一次HOHCOOHCH3再對調(diào)一次HOHCH3COOH旋轉(zhuǎn)180o在紙平面上HOHCOOHCH3R S R RCHOHOHCH2OHCHOHHOCH2OHCHOHOHCH2OHC

3、OOHHOHCH3COOHOHHHHOCOOHCCH3CH2CH3HHOOH CH2CH3CH3 HEtOHHCH3CH3HOCH2CH3HOHCH3CH2CH3COOHCH3HOCHOHCOOHCH3(S)甘油醛甘油醛 HCH3C2H5OHC2H5CH3HOHC2H5CH3HOH與互換與HC2H5HOH互換CH2OHHBrCH(CH3)2CH2OHHBrCH(CH3)2CH2OHHBr(CH3)2HCCCCOOHCOOHHHOHClCOOHCOOHClHOHHCOOHCOOHHHOHClCOOHCOOHHClHOHmp: 34 118 D：+35 35 26.5 +26.5 (1S,2R)(

4、1R,2S)(1R,2R)(1S,2S) (I) (II) (III) (IV)HOCH3PhNHCH3HHCH3PhNHCH3HHOHCH3PhCH3NHHHHOCH3PhCH3NHHHOH12COOHCH3HHOHOHCHOCH2OHHHOHOHCHOCH2OHHHOHHOCOOHCH3HOHHOHHCOOHHOH3CHHO(赤型赤型) CH3HHOCOOHHOHCOOHHOH3CHOHH(蘇型蘇型) CH3HCOOHHOHOHCOOHHOHHOHCOOHCOOHCOOHHHOHOHCOOHHHOHHOCOOHCOOHHOHOHHCOOHHHBrBrCH3HHOHClCH(CH3)2CH3

5、CH2CH2CH3Cl2hv.CH3CHCH2CH3Cldl前手性碳CC2H5Cl.H CH3SRHHHCH3CH3ClCl2hv.HClClHCH3CH3HHClClCH3CH3HHHCH3CH3Cl hv.CH3HClCCCH3HClCH3HClCCClCH3H.CH2=CH COOH + HClHHClClCOOHCOOHCH3CH3+( )+-RS5050%CH COOHCH3ClRSCH2=CH COOH+HO CH C2H5CH3CH2=CH COCH C2H5CH3OHClCH3CHCOOCHC2H5CH3ClH2OClHCOOHCH3CH3CHC2H5OHSSSS*+HCH3C

6、ClCOOCHCH3C2H5S-S-S-CCCOO Na+COO NH4+HHOHHOCCOO H3NCH3HHOCH3CCH3HHOCOO H3NCH3CCOOHHHOCH3CCH3COOHHHO+CH3NH2(R)(S)對映體對映體CCOOHHOCH3CCH3HHOCOOCH3NHH3CCH3NHH3CCCOOHHHOCH3CCH3COOHHHO+CNH2HH3C(R)C 1C 苯苯基基乙乙胺胺C H3H3CHHC H3HHC H3CH3H3CCH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3eeeaHHHHCH3H3CHHCH3HHCH3HCH3H3CHHOOCCOOHHHHOOCCOOHH HHOOCCOOHHH6.11 不含手性中心化合物的對映異構(gòu)不含手性中心化合物的對映異構(gòu)6.11.1 丙二烯型化合物丙二烯型化合物2,3戊二烯：戊二烯：CCCCH3HCH3H手性軸手性軸6.10 構(gòu)象對映體和構(gòu)象非對映體（略）構(gòu)象對映體和構(gòu)象非對映體（略）CCCCH3HCH3HCCCCH3HCH3HNO2HOOCCOOHO2N2662COOHNO2HOOCO2NBrHCH3BrHCH3BrBrCH3HHCH3+CCHHCH3+ Br2