分析強(qiáng)化工程機(jī)械設(shè)備對(duì)公路施工的保障

1、 分析強(qiáng)化工程機(jī)械設(shè)備對(duì)公路施工的保障1. The influencing factors of engineering machinery equipment maintenance cost （1）認(rèn)識(shí)不足,缺乏切實(shí)可行的操作制度。隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,公路工程施工也進(jìn)入了市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的行列,資金緊、任務(wù)重、工期短成為施工生產(chǎn)中的常見(jiàn)的難題,而機(jī)務(wù)管理的計(jì)劃時(shí)代已逐步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榘葱柽M(jìn)行,這就導(dǎo)致我們的管理者淡忘了機(jī)務(wù)管理的真正含義和重要性,出現(xiàn)管理松懈、制度不完善、執(zhí)行力差的狀況,對(duì)工程機(jī)械設(shè)備使用狀況、性能不了解,盲目使用,不以求真務(wù)實(shí)的態(tài)度去制定高效、合理的維修保養(yǎng)計(jì)劃,致使出現(xiàn)工程機(jī)械性能下降

2、,維修費(fèi)用超額,使用效率低下等問(wèn)題。(1) inadequate understanding, lack of practical and feasible operating system. Along with the development of market economy, highway construction has entered the ranks of market competition, capital and heavy task, short time become the common difficult problem in production, const

3、ruction and maintenance management plan for on-demand era has gradually change, this leads to our true meaning and importance of managers in the management efficiency, lax, system is not perfect, poor execution conditions, engineering machinery and equipment use, performance, don't understand, u

4、se blindly, not with a down-to-earth attitude to develop efficient and reasonable maintenance plan, resulting in performance degradation, construction machinery maintenance costs extra, low efficiency, etc. （2）工程機(jī)械設(shè)備選型盲目追求價(jià)格最低化。機(jī)械設(shè)備選型是指購(gòu)置機(jī)械設(shè)備時(shí),根據(jù)生產(chǎn)工藝要求和市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)情況,按照技術(shù)上先進(jìn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)上合理,生產(chǎn)上適用的原則,以及可行性、維修性、操作性和能源供

5、應(yīng)等要求,進(jìn)行調(diào)查和分析比較,以確定設(shè)備的優(yōu)化方案。(2) engineering machinery equipment selection blind pursuit of the lowest price. Mechanical equipment selection refers to the purchase of machinery and equipment, according to the production process requirement and the market supply situation, in accordance with the technic

6、ally advanced and economically rational and applicable principles in production, as well as the feasibility, maintainability, operability and energy supply such as requirements, investigation and comparative analysis, to determine the optimization of the equipment. 由于前面所述現(xiàn)今工程施工資金緊、任務(wù)重、工期短是制約施工常見(jiàn)難題,導(dǎo)

7、致我們的管理者在自有工程機(jī)械設(shè)備不足的情況下,采取購(gòu)置或租賃方式以解決施工,而在進(jìn)行工程機(jī)械購(gòu)置時(shí)又不完全遵循工程機(jī)械選型原則,一味的追求只要滿足施工要求,價(jià)格最低即為最好,忽略了其他要素,形成機(jī)械保修期已過(guò),發(fā)生故障率高、維修率高、配件供應(yīng)不及時(shí)、售后不及時(shí)等現(xiàn)象,造成工程機(jī)械性能下降,直接增加了工程機(jī)械維修保養(yǎng)成本,更嚴(yán)重的造成工程機(jī)械無(wú)法在下一個(gè)工程施工中滿足施工要求,直接淘汰,增加工程成本。As described earlier today project construction funds and heavy task, short time limit for a projec

8、t is a common problem, restricting the construction cause our managers in their own lack of engineering machinery and equipment, to purchase or lease way to solve the construction, and in the engineering machinery purchase and not fully comply with the principles of engineering machinery selection,

9、blindly pursuit as long as meet the construction requirements, the lowest price is the best, ignore the other factors, form the mechanical warranty period has passed, the high failure rate, repair rate is high, parts supply is not timely, timely after-sale don't wait for a phenomenon, cause mech

10、anical performance degradation, increasing the engineering machinery maintenance cost directly, the more severe to engineering machinery in the next construction meet the construction requirements, directly eliminated, increase the project cost. （3）制度不健全,執(zhí)行不力。現(xiàn)今我們諸多施工企業(yè)在設(shè)備管理中常常是“重使用輕保養(yǎng)”,雖然實(shí)行“定人、定機(jī)、定

11、崗”制度,卻忽視了機(jī)械設(shè)備保養(yǎng)制度對(duì)人的活動(dòng)的制約性,沒(méi)有明確落實(shí)到人。操作人員只是注重使用,對(duì)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題不能及時(shí)處理;另外,在工程機(jī)械出現(xiàn)故障需要維修時(shí),許多維修人員責(zé)任心不強(qiáng),應(yīng)付差事,從而造成設(shè)備故障的不斷擴(kuò)大和發(fā)展。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí),操作與維修人員往往互相推卸責(zé)任,不能意識(shí)到問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。這不僅影響施工的質(zhì)量和進(jìn)度,也增加了維修、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的費(fèi)用,致使工程機(jī)械的使用壽命縮短,安全性降低。(3) the system is not perfect, poorly enforced. Today we have a lot of construction enterprises in the equ

12、ipment management is often "heavy use light maintenance", while a "person, machine, create positions" system, but ignored the mechanical equipment maintenance system conditionality of human activities, there is no clear to people. Operators only pay attention to the use, the prob

13、lems cannot be handled in a timely manner; In addition, in the engineering machinery malfunction need maintenance, many maintenance personnel is not strong sense of responsibility, coping strategy, equipment failure caused by the growing and development. When problems arise, operation and maintenanc

14、e personnel tend to pass the buck to each other, can't realize the seriousness of the problem. This not only affects the construction quality and progress, also increases the cost of maintenance, operation, engineering machinery service life shorten, security is reduced. （4）使用不規(guī)范,加速機(jī)械設(shè)備磨損老化。由于企業(yè)

15、發(fā)展,大量的新鮮血液補(bǔ)充到了企業(yè)中,可機(jī)械設(shè)備操作人員卻存在斷層,主要原因是新進(jìn)入企業(yè)的學(xué)生,尤其是大學(xué)生好高騖遠(yuǎn),對(duì)機(jī)械設(shè)備操作管理從思想上存在無(wú)前途的概念,導(dǎo)致機(jī)械設(shè)備操作人員趨于老齡化,特別是在人員不足時(shí),為了工程施工臨時(shí)聘用一些技術(shù)素質(zhì)差的操作人員,這就造成由于對(duì)施工技術(shù)、羥丙基甲基纖維素機(jī)械設(shè)備的使用知識(shí)所知不足,不注重具體的施工條件和作業(yè)方法,在項(xiàng)目領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一味追求工期、進(jìn)度的管理下使工程機(jī)械設(shè)備一直處于超負(fù)荷或帶病作業(yè)狀態(tài)(甚至違章操作),從而加速了工程機(jī)械設(shè)備的磨損老化。(4) the use of non-standard, accelerate mechanical equip

16、ment wear and aging. Due to business development, added a lot of fresh blood to the enterprise, the mechanical equipment operating personnel has fault, the main reason is that students may take in the new enterprise, especially college students, for mechanical equipment operation management there is

17、 no future on thought concept, lead to mechanical equipment operators tend to aging, especially in the lack of personnel, in order to temporary to hire some technical construction quality differential operator, this is caused because of construction technology, the use of machinery and equipment kno

18、wledge knowledge is insufficient, does not pay attention to the specific conditions of construction and operation method, devotion to the leadership of the project construction period, progress under the management of the engineering machinery has been overloaded or job status in spite of (or even i

19、llegal operation), thus speeding up the construction machinery equipment wear and tear of aging. 工程項(xiàng)目結(jié)束后盲目退場(chǎng),機(jī)械設(shè)備得不到按規(guī)定進(jìn)行的認(rèn)真保養(yǎng)、維護(hù)和修理,被調(diào)配到新的工程項(xiàng)目后,出現(xiàn)故障,又開(kāi)始“頭痛醫(yī)頭,腳痛醫(yī)腳”的循環(huán)模式。Blind after the exit of the project, the mechanical equipment is not in accordance with the provisions of careful maintenance, the

20、 maintenance and repair, are deployed to a new project, after the failure, and start "band-aid, becoming" the circulation pattern. 期刊文章分類查詢,盡在期刊圖書(shū)館Journal articles classified query, in journals in the library 這樣直接導(dǎo)致惡性循環(huán),在保證機(jī)械設(shè)備性能上既花費(fèi)了較大的精力,又付出了高額的修理費(fèi)用,嚴(yán)重的延誤了正常的施工工期。This directly led to the

21、 vicious circle, in the guarantee equipment performance already consumed large energy, again to pay the high cost of repairs, serious delayed the normal construction time limit for a project. （5）資金短缺,工程機(jī)械設(shè)備更新?lián)Q代慢。工程任務(wù)緊,資金短缺已是每個(gè)公路施工企業(yè)均面臨的困擾,這就造成工程機(jī)械設(shè)備的更新?lián)Q代慢,報(bào)廢的工程機(jī)械設(shè)備和破舊的工程機(jī)械設(shè)備仍出現(xiàn)在我們的工程項(xiàng)目上繼續(xù)使用,使得其故障率大大

22、增加,維修成本不斷上升,形成“棄之可惜,用之太貴”的尷尬局面。(5) the shortage of funds, construction machinery equipment update slowly. Engineering task, shortage of funds is each highway construction enterprises are facing problems, it can make update slow, engineering machinery and equipment scrap engineering machinery equipme

23、nt and the old engineering machinery equipment still appear in the us continue to use on the project, greatly increase the failure rate, repair costs rising, formed "abandon a pity, too expensive" awkward situation. 2控制維修成本的措施2. The measures to control the maintenance cost （1）提高認(rèn)識(shí),強(qiáng)化制度建設(shè),加

24、強(qiáng)施工部門(mén)與機(jī)務(wù)管理部門(mén)的聯(lián)系和溝通。首先要解決的是公路施工企業(yè)人員自上而下的思想觀念,使其認(rèn)識(shí)到工程機(jī)械設(shè)備在工程施工生產(chǎn)中的重要作用,性能的完好與效率的高低直接影響著公路工程施工的質(zhì)量、進(jìn)度、成本和效益,從而提高機(jī)務(wù)管理的力度,要求機(jī)務(wù)管理者要有較強(qiáng)的聯(lián)系和監(jiān)管作用,成為公路工程施工部門(mén)和機(jī)械部門(mén)的連接紐帶,及時(shí)的掌握工程機(jī)械設(shè)備運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)情況。塑料土工格柵其次要建立健全有效的工程機(jī)械設(shè)備管理制度。我公司安機(jī)部由專人負(fù)責(zé)，對(duì)每臺(tái)設(shè)備建立檔案，從機(jī)械設(shè)備的選型購(gòu)置到維修保養(yǎng)直至報(bào)廢，建立工程機(jī)械設(shè)備數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)系統(tǒng),對(duì)大小故障、以往的維修保養(yǎng)記錄、換件記錄、日常使用情況和工作量都登記備案,以便在工程機(jī)

25、械設(shè)備發(fā)生故障時(shí)分析、判斷,及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的消除故障。對(duì)工程機(jī)械設(shè)備操作人員和機(jī)務(wù)管理人員做到獎(jiǎng)罰分明,明確責(zé)任。再次要加強(qiáng)施工部門(mén)與機(jī)務(wù)管理部門(mén)的聯(lián)系和溝通。在我經(jīng)歷的S241擴(kuò)建工程、鎮(zhèn)江新區(qū)經(jīng)十路工程、通港路改造工程，S340公路養(yǎng)護(hù)大中修工程等項(xiàng)目中，由項(xiàng)目副經(jīng)理兼管機(jī)械，堅(jiān)持誰(shuí)用機(jī)械誰(shuí)管機(jī)械的原則，在抓施工的同時(shí)抓機(jī)械調(diào)配使用，保證了機(jī)械的合理使用，提高了機(jī)械出勤率和完好率。(1) raise awareness, strengthen the system construction, strengthen the construction of contact and communica

26、tion with maintenance management departments. Must first solve the highway construction enterprise ideas about personnel from top to bottom, make it realize engineering machinery equipment for the production and the important role of project construction, the performance of the intact and efficiency

27、 directly affects the highway engineering construction quality, progress, cost and benefit, thus improve the management efficiency, requirements engineering manager to have strong relations and regulatory role, become the highway engineering construction machinery sector and the connection of the li

28、nk, timely grasp of the workings of the engineering machinery and equipment. Secondly to establish and improve the effective engineering machinery equipment management system. My company's machine by the specialist is responsible for, for each device to establish archives, from equipment selecti

29、on to purchase maintenance until discarded, established engineering machinery equipment data statistics system, the size breakdown, maintenance records, in a previous records, daily usage and workload can register put on record, so that the engineering machinery equipment failure analysis, judgment,

30、 timely and accurate to eliminate failure. Of engineering machinery and equipment operators and personnel management efficiency achieve rewards and punishment clear, clear responsibility. Again, we must strengthen the construction of contact and communication with maintenance management departments.

31、 S241 expansion project in my experience, zhenjiang new district through ten road engineering, TongGang road reconstruction project, S340 DaZhongXiu for road maintenance engineering project, by the deputy project manager management of machinery, adhere to the principle of whoever with mechanical pip

32、e machinery, mechanical redeployment, in the grasp of construction at the same time ensures the rational use of the machinery, improve mechanical attendance and pipe. （2）提高操作人員的技術(shù)水平,加強(qiáng)工程機(jī)械設(shè)備的日常檢查和保養(yǎng)工作。操作人員的文化素質(zhì)低,對(duì)工程機(jī)械設(shè)備性能和原理不了解、不熟悉,是造成工程機(jī)械設(shè)備事故的原因之一。因此,降低維修保養(yǎng)成本首先要在操作人員的錄用上考慮其文化水平,在企業(yè)補(bǔ)充新鮮血液的同時(shí)招收一些大中專筑

33、機(jī)學(xué)生,從而提高操作人員整體素質(zhì);其次要加強(qiáng)對(duì)操作人員的技能培訓(xùn),我公司在冬季施工淡季，開(kāi)展內(nèi)部學(xué)習(xí)，由專業(yè)人員給施工一線的職工授課，使他們掌握機(jī)械設(shè)備的結(jié)構(gòu)、性能和工作原理。我本人就多次參與，授課內(nèi)容有：柴油機(jī)的工作原理和正確使用；如何延長(zhǎng)蓄電池的壽命，工程機(jī)械日常養(yǎng)護(hù)項(xiàng)目等。職工通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)，提高了對(duì)機(jī)械的認(rèn)識(shí)，減少了不規(guī)范操作，使機(jī)械的故障率大為降低。(2) improve the technical level of operators and strengthen the engineering mechanical equipment daily check and maintenan

34、ce work. Operating personnel's cultural quality is low, the principle of engineering machinery equipment performance and don't know, not familiar with, is one of the causes of the engineering machinery equipment accident. Therefore, reduce the maintenance cost must first consider its cultura

35、l level on the operation of employment, the fresh blood in the enterprise at the same time built machine some college students, thus improve the operation personnel overall quality; Secondly to strengthen skills training for the operator, I company of season in winter construction, carry out interna

36、l learning, taught by professionals for construction of a gleam of staff, make them master the mechanical structure, performance and working principle of the equipment. I am involved in many times, teaching contents are: the working principle of diesel engine and the correct use; How to prolong batt

37、ery life, daily maintenance project of engineering machinery, etc. Employees through learning, improve the knowledge of machinery, non-standard operation, reduce the mechanical failure rate greatly reduced. （3）加強(qiáng)工程機(jī)械設(shè)備的強(qiáng)保工作,防止誤保,杜絕漏保。由于保養(yǎng)不當(dāng)是造成工程機(jī)械設(shè)備故障的主要原因,工程機(jī)械設(shè)備保養(yǎng)工作必須強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行。機(jī)務(wù)管理人員要嚴(yán)格按照工程機(jī)械設(shè)備保養(yǎng)使用說(shuō)明書(shū)制訂

38、切實(shí)可行的保養(yǎng)計(jì)劃,并與工程機(jī)械設(shè)備操作人員進(jìn)行技術(shù)交底,隨時(shí)抽查、督導(dǎo)保養(yǎng)工作的落實(shí)情況。同時(shí)建立獎(jiǎng)懲機(jī)制,獎(jiǎng)優(yōu)罰劣,加強(qiáng)廣大工程機(jī)械設(shè)備操作人員的責(zé)任心,調(diào)動(dòng)他們的工作熱情和積極性,以保證工程機(jī)械設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行,延長(zhǎng)機(jī)械設(shè)備使用壽命,減少故障次數(shù),縮小故障規(guī)模,降低燃油消耗,節(jié)約維修成本。(3) strengthen the strong guarantee work engineering machinery and equipment, to prevent error, put an end to leak. Engineering machinery equipment failu

39、re due to improper maintenance is the main reason, engineering machinery and equipment maintenance work must be enforced. Personnel should strictly in accordance with engineering machinery and equipment maintenance management efficiency operation instruction to formulate feasible maintenance plan, and engineering machinery and equipment operating personnel for technical clarificaiton, spot check and supervise the maintenance work to carry out the situation at any time. Establish rewards and punishment mechanism, at the same time - - strengthening the construction machin