CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系課件

1、CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系The Canadian Occupational Health and Safety System加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系An Overview概況CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系Canada Has 14 Jurisdictions加拿大有14個行政轄區(qū)1 Federal一個聯(lián)邦10 Provinces and 3 Territories10個省和3個地區(qū)CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系.Provincial and

2、 Territorial Jurisdictions (90% of workers)省級及地方管轄區(qū)（90%的工人）:Provincial and territorial employees省級和地方員工Workers in most industries, including small businesses and self-employed workers在大多數(shù)行業(yè)中的工人，包括從事小買賣和自主經營者e.g. construction, manufacturing, textiles, mining如建筑業(yè)、制造業(yè)、紡織業(yè)和采礦業(yè)Federal Jurisdiction (10% o

3、f workers)聯(lián)邦區(qū)劃（10%的工人）:Employees of federal government and federal corporations, military聯(lián)邦政府和聯(lián)邦公司、軍隊的員工Workers in certain national corporations全國性公司中的工人 e.g. airlines, railways, telecommunications如航空、鐵路和通信業(yè)CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系Internal Responsibility System內部責任體系Employer and empl

4、oyees: 雇主和雇員Know their work and the hazards best最清楚其工作和致危因素Cooperate to implement safety measures共同執(zhí)行安全措施Employer manages the workplace safely.雇主安全管理工作場所Employer must take all reasonable actions to protect the health and safety of workers.雇主必須采取所有合理的行動保護工人的衛(wèi)生與安全Employer is accountable for non-compli

5、ance.雇主要對不遵守法律的行為負責Government agencies:政府機構Legislate, inspect, and enforce (civil, criminal)立法、監(jiān)督和執(zhí)法（民法和刑法）Provide preventive services and incentives 提供預防性服務和激勵措施CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系Employer Responsibilities雇主職責Identify workplace hazards prevent & control 確認工作場所致危因素-預防和控制Impl

6、ement safe work practices and comply with all regulations執(zhí)行安全工作實踐并遵守所有規(guī)章Develop hazard prevention program and management system制定危害預防方案和管理體系Provide workplace training and education to workers為工人提供工作場所培訓和教育Support employee participation, such as safety committees支持員工參與，如安全委員會Train supervisors to ensu

7、re they are “competent”培訓部門主管以保證他們“稱職”Inspect the workplace檢查工作場所Have an accident investigation and reporting system有事故調查和報告體系CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系Employer Due Diligence雇主的應盡職責Due diligence is a legal defense in case of accident or injury盡職盡責是在發(fā)生事故和工傷時的合法防衛(wèi)Evidence that all reason

8、able precautions were taken to prevent accidents and injuries證明采取一切合理的預防措施阻止事故和傷害的發(fā)生。Steps to demonstrate due diligence:展示盡職盡責的步驟Show that employer is aware of hazards and acting to control them.表明雇主清楚致危因素并采取行動對其進行控制Document policies, practices, and procedures.文件政策、實踐和程序Monitor workplace and ensure

9、that employees follow workplace procedures and requirements.監(jiān)督工作場所并確定所有雇員遵守工作場所程序和要求Implement good practices used in similar organizations and industries. 執(zhí)行在相似機構和行業(yè)使用的優(yōu)秀實踐。CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系 Workers Rights工人的權利Right to Participate參與權Joint Health and Safety Committees聯(lián)合衛(wèi)生與安全委員會

10、Right to Know知情權Must be informed about hazards必須告知雇員致危因素Must be trained on safe work procedures必須對員工進行工作安全程序的培訓Right to Refuse unsafe work對不安全工作的拒絕權Specific procedures detailed in regulations具體的程序 應該在規(guī)章中說明CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系 Workers Responsibilities工人的責任Work safely according to

11、procedures根據(jù)程序安全地工作Use safety equipment and personal protective equipment使用安全設備和個人防護設備Report hazards報告致危因素CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系History of Health and Safety衛(wèi)生與安全歷史 Ontario Factories Act安大略行業(yè)法令 Building Trades Protection Act建筑保護法令 Workmens Compensation Act工人賠償法令 Industrial Accident

12、Prevention Assoc.工傷預防協(xié)會 Construction Safety Association建筑安全協(xié)會 Occupational Health and Safety Act職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全法令1978 CCOHS founded 建立職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全中心 Workplace Safety and Insurance Board工作場所安全和保險委員會CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系Health and Safety Organizations衛(wèi)生和安全組織Compensation boards (13)賠償委員會Insurance

13、保險, treatment待遇, rehabilitation（復職）, prevention預防, education教育Ministries of Labour (14)勞工部Legislation, standards, enforcement立法、標準和執(zhí)法CCOHS加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全中心Sectoral and professional safety associations行業(yè)和職業(yè)安全協(xié)會Prevention, training, consulting預防、培訓和咨詢Education and training organizations教育和培訓機構Research inst

14、itutions 研究院Independent consultants 獨立專家CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系Workers Insurance in Canada加拿大的工人保險(Historic Compromise)Employers pay premiums to workers compensation boards (WCBs) based on their injury record 雇主根據(jù)其工傷記錄向賠償委員會為工人繳納保險Insurance is mandatory 保險是強制的No-fault insurance無過失保險

15、 workers cannot sue employers工人不能起訴雇主Boards pay incentives to employers to encourage prevention, training, and other safety programs by employers委員會對雇主進行獎勵以鼓勵雇主采取預防、培訓和其他安全方案CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系Roles of the Workers Compensation Boards (WCBs)工人賠償委員會的職責Provide treatment and rehabil

16、itation提供待遇和復職服務Pay injured workers while they recover受傷工人在康復過程中要得到賠償費用 Pay pensions to workers who are permanently disabled向永久殘疾的工人支付撫恤金Fund safety associations (industry sectors)為安全協(xié)會(工業(yè)行業(yè)）出資Deliver services for prevention and education為預防和教育活動提供服務 CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系 Example

17、Construction Safety Association of Ontario安大略建筑安全協(xié)會Established 1929 to serve construction industry1929年成立，為建筑行業(yè)服務Bipartite employers and building trades雙方-雇主和建筑工Funded by WSIB (compensation board)由安全檢查委員會（賠償委員會）出資About 2% of construction insurance funds($ 750 million (about $2000 per worker per year

18、)Major functions:主要功能Education and training 教育和培訓Consulting and technical advice咨詢和技術建議Target companies with high injury rates高工傷率的目標企業(yè)Target new companies瞄準新企業(yè)Research研究CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系CCOHS加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全中心Established 1978 as the national centre1978年作為國家中心成立Mandate宗旨: promote OH

19、&S提升職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全Tripartite (governments, industry, unions)三方（政府、行業(yè)、工會）Primary roles:首要職責Information to all workplace parties將信息通告工作場所各方Free Inquiries and OSH Answers免費提問和提供免費職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全答案Databases legislation, CHEMINFO數(shù)據(jù)庫-立法Publications and e-courses出版物和電子課程Workplace tools and services OH&S management system, MSDS writer, MSDS management工作場所工具和服務-職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全管理體系，Collaborative projects such as INTOX 協(xié)同工程CanadianHSLegislationAPrimer加拿大職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與安全體系Recent Trends in Canada加拿大的近期趨勢Improved performance績效得到提升Fewer injuries, better compliance更少的工傷，更好的遵守法律More enforcement