最新高考英語閱讀理解訓練經(jīng)典題目(5)

1、最新高考英語閱讀理解訓練經(jīng)典題目一、高中英語閱讀理解1 .閱讀理解Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown.As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts.They are advising all pare

2、nts to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks.Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused shortsightedness in animals.Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also applies to

3、humans.A study of almost 300, 000 young adults-the largest of its kind-showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January.Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it was beca

4、use prolonged illumination(光照)causes the eyeball to lengthen-causing short-sightedness.Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be.The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素 ),a pi

5、gment (色素)which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape.Sight expert Professor Daniel OLeary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said At the momen

6、t we dont know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming shortsighted.(1) Babies born in summer are more likely to be shortsighted.A. because the summer sun is too strong for babiesB. because babies born i

7、n summer have lengthened eyeballsC. if they are exposed too much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born D if parents dont know a proper way to protect their babies eyes(2) Melatonin is a kind of material to.A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sightedhB. protect the skin from harmful sun

8、raysC. make our body strongD. protect babies eyes from summer sun(3) From what Professor Daniel OLeary says we can conclude that.A. there is no evidence that shortsightedness is related to exposure to sunlightB. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further provedC. he believes that

9、 light exposure can cause shortsightednessD. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight(4) The underlined word vulnerable in the passage probably means.A. easy to be harmedB. resistantC. protectiveD. changeable【答案】（ 1 ） C（ 2） B（ 3） C（ 4） A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明在夏季出生的嬰兒長大后更容易成為近視眼，

10、眼科專家稱多達四分之一的近視眼病例是由于在出生后前幾周里暴露陽光太久造成。（ 1 ）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段和第二段可知，眼科專家稱：在夏季出生的嬰兒長大后更容易成為近視眼，因為由于嬰兒在出生后前幾周里暴露陽光太久造成。故選C 。（ 2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“ Themechanism which lengthens the eyeball isassociated with levels of melatonin（ 褪黑激素）, a pigment （ 色素 ） which protects the skin againstharmful rays of the sun. 可知，

11、褪黑激素是一種可以保護皮膚不受陽光紫外線傷害的色素?！?故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段可知，劍橋大學的視學專家Daniel OLeary教授相信暴露在陽光下會導(dǎo)致人們近視眼。故選C。（ 4）考查詞義猜測。在嬰幼兒時期，沒有產(chǎn)生足夠的褪黑激素作為保護，嬰幼兒更容易被陽光灼傷，并且改變眼球的形狀。故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選 出正確答案。2 閱讀理解Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across

12、the Mojave Desert, seeking a million in prize money. To win, they had to finish the 142-mile race in less than 10 hours. Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key part drivers.DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the

13、 race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields. But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. One had its brake lock up in the starting area. Another began by throwing

14、itself onto a wall. Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles.One turned upside down. One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by remote control. One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on

15、a rock. The winner, if there was any, reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long, narrow hole, and the front wheels caught on fire.You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things, says Reinhold Behringer, who helped design two of the car-size vehicles for a company called Sci-Au

16、tonics. Even ants （ 螞蟻 ） can do all these tasks effortlessly. Its very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines.The robotic vehicles, though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and GPS guidance, had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-

17、old human recognizes immediately. Sure, that very young child, who has just only learned to walk,may not think to wipe apple juice off her face, but she already knows that when theres a cookie in the kitchen she has to climb up the table, and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good. She

18、is more advanced, even months old, than any machine humans have designed. （ 1 ） Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because.A. they did not have any human guidance B. the road was not familiar to the driversC. the distance was too long for the vehicles D. the prize money wa

19、s unattractive to the drivers（ 2） DARPA organized the race in order to.A. raise money for producing more robotic vehicles B. push the development of vehicle industry C. train more people to drive in the desert D. improve the vehicles for future wars（ 3） From the passage we know robotic vehicles are

20、a kind of machines that .A. can do effortlessly whatever tasks living thing canB. can take part in a race across 142 miles with a time limitC. can show off their ability to turn themselves upside downD. can move from place to place without being driven by human beings（ 4） In the last paragraph, the

21、writer implies that there is a long way to go.A. for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142-mile race without any difficultiesB. for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the table C. for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solve D. for a l

22、ittle child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off its face 【答案】（ 1 ） A（ 2） D（ 3） D（ 4） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了DARPA組織一次汽車越野比賽，目的是想改進未來戰(zhàn)場上的機器人汽車，并介紹了這些機器汽車的優(yōu)點和缺點。（ 1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“ Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner atall, because these vehicles were missing a key part d

23、rivers. 車隊和觀眾都知道可能根本沒有 ” 贏家，因為這些車缺少了一個關(guān)鍵的部分司機?？芍?，這些汽車都沒有駕駛員。故選A。（ 2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ DARPAt,he Defense Advanced Research ProjectsAgency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields. 美 國國防部高級研究計劃局（DARPA珥織了這次比賽，作為推動未來戰(zhàn)場機器人車輛發(fā)展的一部分?？梢酝茰y，DARPA組織這次比賽是軍事目的是想改進未來

24、戰(zhàn)爭用車，故選Do（ 3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“ But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, jus t provedhow difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. 但這 項被稱為“大挑戰(zhàn) ”的項目恰恰證明了，在沒有人類引導(dǎo)的情況下，讓一輛汽車快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困難。可以推斷出“ robotic vehicles 是一種不要人操作的汽車，故選”Do(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的shes mo

25、re advancedthan any machine.可知機器遠不如人的智力。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱 讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選 出正確答案。3.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower. Most of the researchers exploring s

26、elf-control do so with an obvious goal in mind: How can willpower be strengthened? If willpower is truly a limited resource, as the research suggests, what can be done to make it stay strong?Avoiding temptation ( 誘惑)is an effective method for maintaining self-control, which is called the out of sigh

27、t, out of mind principle. One recent study, for instance, found office workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks, in plain sight.The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question. When we face too many tem

28、ptations, are we to fail? Not necessarily. Researchers dont believe that ones willpower is ever completely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands. The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our se

29、lf-control strength has been run down. High motivation might help overcome weakened willpower-at least to a point.Willpower may also be made less vulnerable (脆弱)to being exhausted in the first place.Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heav

30、y use. But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison, they say. While muscles become exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.The evidence from willpower-exh

31、austion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Years Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, dont try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet

32、 and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, youll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and wont require making decisions at

33、all.(1) From the studies in the passage we learn that.A. people have unlimited self-control： B. high motivation ensures ones successC. willpower is hardly completely exhausted D. too many temptations often lead to failure (2) The underlined phrase tap into in Paragraph 3 most probably means.A. make

34、use ofB. run out ofC. buildD. increase(3) The author compares self control to muscles.A. to prove the long-term effect of willpowerB. to show the significance of regular exerciseC. to argue that self-control can he easily used upD. to explain the benefits of practicing self-control(4) To develop a g

35、ood habit, which of the following does the author prefer?A. I will give up dessert and do exercise.B. I will set three goals this new semester.C. I will read an English novel every month.D. I will keep myself from any temptation.【答案】(1) CA(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，列舉了關(guān)于意志力的幾種研究和觀點，作者認為有了明確的目標，良好的自我

36、監(jiān)督和練習，就可以在面對誘惑時使意志力保持堅強。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的Researchers dont believe that ones willpower is evercompletely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands.可知，研究人員不相信人的意志力會完全耗盡，他們還有備用的和為將來需求節(jié) 省的意志力。所以從文章中的研究我們了解到意志力幾乎沒有完全喪失。故選Co(2)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的The right moti

37、vation allows us to tap into thosereserves, allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down. 可知， 正確的動機使我們能夠利用這些儲備，即使我們的自我控制能力已經(jīng)被消耗殆盡，我們?nèi)?然可以繼續(xù)前進。所以通過上下文的語境，判斷出 tap into指利用，與 make use of同義。 故選Ao(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的Whilemuscles become exhausted by exercise in theshort term,

38、they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.可知，雖然肌肉在短期內(nèi)會因運動而疲憊不 堪，但長期而言，它們會通過經(jīng)常鍛煉而增強。同樣規(guī)律的自我控制可以提高意志力。兩 者相比是為了說明同一個道理：長期的鍛煉和自我控制的好處。所以作者把自我控制比作 肌肉是為了解釋自我控制的好處。故選Do(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Takinggoals one by one is

39、a better approach.Once a good habit is in place, youll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will become routine, and wont require making decisions at all.可知，作者認為一個接一個的制定目標是一個更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習慣，你就不再 需要依靠意志力來維持自己的行為。最終健康的習慣將成為慣例，而且不需要做任何決定。所以C項I will

40、read an English novel every month.是先設(shè)立目標，然后成為好習慣，作 者更喜歡這種目標。故選Co【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱 讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4.閱讀理解If conditions get bad enough, almost any kind of weather can become a storm.Stormy weather can cause people to cancel their plans. It can cause major ev

41、ents to be postponed. And severe stormy weather can be dangerous to people, fortune and anima1.orIf you weather the storm, or ride out the storm, you survive and move on without harm injury. For example, 1ets talk about Tornado Alley, the name for part of the central United States. During springtime

42、, this area often has a large number of powerful tornadoes. People who live there are taught to shelter in the safest place they can find and wait for the storm to pass. People who live in Tornado Alley are used to weathering many storms!You can also weather a storm, but it doesnt involve actual wea

43、ther.“ To weather the stormcan also mean to make it through a difficult experience or trying times. So, if the stock market（ 股 市 ）crashes, you might have to weather a financial storm.Often before a big storm, conditions are calm. The calm before the storm can happen anytime. It is the time before so

44、mething bad happens. For example, at the beginning of a family reunion, the adults were all talking happily. But the older children knew it was just the calm before the storm. Theyve seen it happen before. The adults talk happily for about an hour. Then they start arguing about events from the past

45、things that should really stay buried!But after the storm begins and you find yourself in the middle of it, you are in the eye of the storm. In the world of weather, the eye of the storm is the calmest part, in the center of a hurricane, for example. However, in the English language, if you are in t

46、he eye of the storm, you are in the most intense part of a conflict. For example, she had no idea that walking into the meeting would put her in the eye of the storm.However, a brainstorm does not exist in the world of weather. To brainstorm means to try to solve a problem by talking with other peop

47、le. And dont worry. If we have trouble thinking of an idea for the next program, we can always brainstorm with you!（ 1 ） Whats mainly discussed in the 3rd and 4th paragraphs?A. What the meanings of weathering the storm are.B. How we can weather the storm.C. Weathering a storm doesnt involve actual w

48、eather.D. People in Tornado Alley can survive the storm.（ 2） Why does the author mention a family reunion in the fifth paragraph?A. To stress the importance of weather forecast.B. To develop the awareness of family.C. To explain the meaning of an expression.D. To praise the older children for being

49、clever.（ 3） What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. A problem cant be solved if you worry too much.B. A brainstorm often appears in the world of weather.C. Difficulties can be dealt with by teamwork.D. To brainstorm can cause troubles in the program.（ 4） Whats the authors purpose in writing

50、the text?A. To tell us stormy weather can cause destruction.B. To tell us some expressions about storm.C. To tell us a storm can cause conflicts.D. To tell us we should be ready for a storm.【答案】（ 1 ） A（ 2） C（ 3） C（ 4） B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾個英語中與“風暴 ”有關(guān)的表達。（ 1）段落大意題。第三段第一句“ Ifyou weather the storm

51、 ， or ride out the storm ， yousurvive and move on without harm or injury. 可知本段講述” weather the storm 或者 ride outthe storm 指安全度過；和第四段最后一句“ Toweather the storm can also mean to make itthrough a difficult experience or trying times. 可知第四段講述To weather the storm 指度過難關(guān)。故可知第三四段主要講述weather the storm 的意義是什么。故

52、選A。（ 2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“ Thecalm before the storm can happen anytime. It isthe time before some thing bad happens. 可知暴風雨前的寧靜任何事都可能發(fā)生，這是一段 ”某些不好的事情將要發(fā)生的時間。接著作者用家庭聚會作為例子來解釋這一種說法的含義，故選C。（ 3）推理判斷題。最后一段第二句“ To brainstorm means to try to solve a problem by talkingwith other people. 可知頭腦風暴的意思是嘗試通過與他人交流來解決一個問

53、題，即困難可 ”以通過團隊合作來解決，故選C。（ 4）主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，如第五段提到暴風雨前的寧靜，第六段講“ in the eye ofthe storm 處于風口浪尖上，最后一段說明brainstorm頭腦風暴，可知文章主要介紹與風暴 ”有關(guān)的表達，故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及段落大意，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇說明類閱讀，要求考生準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，通過題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文章中定位，同時根據(jù)上下文進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5 閱讀理解China Small Group ToursTour Route 1:11 Days Private Beijing

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