2020年高考英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)小結(jié)

1、艾庫(kù) il每個(gè)人甲熔地捉升門我!2017年高考英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年髙考英語測(cè)試的重中之重，一般占12 道題。命題思路有三：一是直接給出標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語，考生能依據(jù)所 給時(shí)間狀語作出選擇；二是給出時(shí)間狀語，但所給時(shí)間狀語有著較強(qiáng) 的干擾性，考生不能直接根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語作出選擇，需要結(jié)合語境判 斷；三是沒有任何時(shí)間狀語，需要借助于上下文語境，才能作出正確 判斷?？忌鷳?yīng)熟知常用時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法。髙考題往往不會(huì) 涉及單一的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)，而是更多地側(cè)重于時(shí)態(tài)的交叉使用和呼應(yīng)及與 語態(tài)的結(jié)合使用。所以解題時(shí)一定要結(jié)合語境，弄清時(shí)間的先后關(guān) 系，可根據(jù)不同情況采取“找標(biāo)法”（尋

2、找時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞）、“呼應(yīng) 法”（主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)）、“搭配法”（固定搭配）、“語境法”等 解題技巧。一？識(shí)別標(biāo)志詞如果題干中有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語，則往往可以根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語選擇 相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)？例MOre than a dozen StUdentS in that SChOOIabroad to StUdy medicine IaSt year.A. Sent B. Were SentC. had SentD. had been Sent解析此題有明顯的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞IaSt year,提示我們應(yīng)該使用 一般過去時(shí)；句中的主語StUdentS是被送的對(duì)象，應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語 態(tài)？答案為B?動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般都有其相應(yīng)的

3、時(shí)間狀語，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們熟記下列8種 常用時(shí)態(tài)所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語？(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：often, always, usually, seldom, now, every Clay 等？(2) 一般過去時(shí)：then, yesterday, IaSt week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months ?(3) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days 等？(4) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：then, at that time, at this timeyesterday 等？(

4、5) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：recently, lately, UP to/till now, SO far, in Ihe past/last few monthsyears, for+段時(shí)間， SinCe + 點(diǎn)時(shí)間等？(6) 過去完成時(shí)：before, by the end Of IaSt month/years- 等？(7) 一般將來時(shí)：tomorrow, today, next week/mOnth, In an hour, in the ing/following few WeekS 等？(8) 過去將來時(shí)：the following month, the next Week 等？命題角度及

5、對(duì)策高考測(cè)試動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)須與句中時(shí)間狀語一致時(shí), 常在題干中加入具體情景，以測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能 力？敏銳捕捉時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞，并結(jié)合具體的語境，選擇出正確的動(dòng)詞時(shí) 態(tài)，是解決此類問題的良策?二？主從時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng)2第2頁(yè)共13頁(yè)丈庫(kù)-i上毎個(gè)人平等地提升門我!如果所給題干是主從復(fù)合句，可根據(jù)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選出 正確的時(shí)態(tài)？命題角度及對(duì)策近年來髙考考查主從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)時(shí)，常放在真 實(shí)的并且符合實(shí)際的語境中進(jìn)行考查？在根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則解題時(shí)， 要把握好以下幾點(diǎn)：(1) 在時(shí)間？條件等狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來 時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來完成時(shí)？(2) 正確

6、認(rèn)定主句動(dòng)詞及從句動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，并認(rèn)真 體會(huì)命題者所給出的語境？(3) 解答賓語從句與主句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)熟知以下規(guī)則： 主句動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，則從句動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài)；主句動(dòng)詞 為過去時(shí)，則從句動(dòng)詞須用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(表示客觀真理時(shí) 使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))？三？仔細(xì)體會(huì)語境近年來髙考試題對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)考查的要求越來越 髙，大部分試題趨向情境化？實(shí)際化？因此，仔細(xì)體會(huì)所給語境，根 據(jù)具體語境選擇合適的時(shí)態(tài)是考生需要重點(diǎn)解決的問題？例： 一DO you think We ShOUId accept that offer?一Yes, We ShOUleI, for WeSUCh ba

7、d IUCk UP tillnow, and time out.A. have had；is runningB. had；is runningC. have；has been runD. have had；has been run【答案解析】AO由時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞UP till now知道，動(dòng)作是從過 去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以第一空要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；而根據(jù)語境可知時(shí)間快 要耗光了，所以第二空要用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。一Can you tell me the timetable Of theSChOoIbus?一Well, the bushere for IheCamPUS at7： OO A. mA.WilI Ie

8、aVe B.IeftC is IeaVing D.IeaVeS【答案解析】D?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)，“校班車的時(shí)間表”是規(guī)定好的事 情，表示一般性動(dòng)作用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！揪x試題】名校模擬題及其答案1. 一 What' S that terrible noise ?一 The neighbors for a party.A. have PrePareCI B. are PreParing C PrePare D. WilIPrePare2. NOW that She is OUt Of a job, LUCy going back toschool, but She hasn, t decided y

9、etA had COnSiderecl B has been COnSideringC has been PIeted D. is going to COnSider3. The mayor Of Beijing SayS that all COnStrUCtiOn WOrkfor the Beijing OIymPiCS by 20*A has been PIeted B has PIetedC WilI have been PIeted D. WilI have PIeted3第4頁(yè)共13頁(yè)*個(gè)人平等地提升門我!4 SeIeCting a mobile Phone for PerSOnal

10、 USe is no easytask because technoIogy SO rapidly.A is Changing B. has ChangeclC. WilI have Changed D. WllI Change5 IPing - POng quite WelIt but I haven" t hadtime to Piay SinCe the new yearA. PlayeCl B. WiiI PIay C. have PIayed D. Play6. ViSitOrS not to touch the exhibitsA WilI request B. requ

11、est C. are requesting D. are requested7. John and I friends for eight years. We first gotto know each Other at a ChriStmaS Party BUt We eachOther a COUPIe Of times before that.A had been； have Seen B. have been； have SeenC. had been； had Seen D. have been； had Seen8. ThiS is TeCr S PhOtO We miss him

12、 a lot. He trying to SaVe a Child in the earthquakeA. killed B. is killed C. WaS killed D. WaS kilIing9 一 HOW are the team PIaying ?一 They are PIaying Wel 1, but One Of themhurt.A. got B. gets C. are D. Were10. YOU haven, t SaiCl a WOrd about my new COUat Brenda. DO you Iike it ?一 I'm sorry, I a

13、nything aboUt it sooner. ICertainly Ihink it' S Pretty On you.A. WaSn, t Saying B. don, t Say C. won' t Say D. didn' t Say11. I WOnder Why Jenny US recently. We ShoUId haveheard from her by nowA. hasn t Written B. doesn' t Write C. WOn' t Write D hadn, t Written12. My UnCIe Until

14、 he WaS forty - five.A. married B. didn' t marry C. WaS not marrying D. WOUlel marry13. When WiII you e to See me, Dad ?一 I WiiI go to See you When you the trainingCOUrSeA. WilI have finished B. WilI finish C. are finishing D. finish14. 一 HOW IOrIg at this job ?一 SinCe 1990A Were you CmPIOyecl B

15、. have you been employedC. had you been GmPIOyeCl D. WilI you be employed15. With Ihe rapid growth Of POPUIatiOnt Ihe City In all CIireCtiOnS in the PaSt five yearsA. SPreadS B. has SPread C. SPread D had SPreacI16. The SiIence Of the Iibrary OnIy by the SoUnd OfPageS being turned OVerA. has been br

16、oken B. breaks C. broke D. WaS broken17. AlI morning as She Waited for the medical report fromIhe doctor, her nervousness A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown18. Why don, t you PUt the meat in the fridge ? It WilI fresh for SeVeraI days.A. be Stayed B. Stay C. be Staying D. have StayeC119

17、. 一 Sorry, Joe, I didr t mean to一 DOrf t Cali me “Joe” o I, m Mr Parker to you, and you forget it !A. do B. didn, t C. did D. don, t20. At this time tomorrowOVer Ihe AtianticA. we, re going to fly B. we' 11 be flying C. we" 11 fly D. we, re to fly21. The news Came as no SUrPriSe to me. I fo

18、r SOmetime that Ihe factory WaS going to ShUt down.A. had knOWn B. knew C. have known D. know22. I thought Jim WOUICl Say SOmething aboUt his SChOOIreport, but heit.A. doesn, t InentiOn B. hadn t meritiOned C. didn, t mention D. hasn, t mentioned5第7頁(yè)共13頁(yè)艾庫(kù) il每個(gè)人甲熔地捉升門我!23. NO One in the ClePartment

19、but TOnI and I that theClireCtOr is going to resiglA. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know24. AIthc)Ugh he has IiVeCl With US for years, heUSmuch impressionA. hadn' t Ieft B. didn' t IeaVe C. doesn, t IeaVe D. hasn, t Ieft25. how Can you POSSibIy miss the nevs ? It On TVall day long.A.

20、has been B. bad been C. WaS D WilI be26. 一 SOrry to have interrupted you. PIeaSe go on.一 Where WaS I ? YoU you didn, t Iike your father, S jobA. had SaiCl B. Said C Were Saying D had been Saying27. I arrived late； Ithe road to be SO iey.A. WOUldn, t expect B. haven, t expected C. hadn, t expected D.

21、 WaSn, t expecting28. I While reading Ihe EngIiSh textbook Luckily,my roommate WOke me UP in time !A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleepD. fall asleep29. Let, S keep to Ihe Point Or We any decisiOns.A. WilI never reach B. have never reached C never reachD. never reached30. My min

22、d WaSn' t On What he WaS Saying, so I' m afraid I half Of it.A. WaS missing B. had missed C. WilI miss D. missed答案與解析1、B根據(jù)題意先排除D項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榛卮鸱揭f明書現(xiàn)在的情況；A 項(xiàng)have PrePare說明已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好，C項(xiàng)PrePare是目前的習(xí)慣性動(dòng) 作，B項(xiàng)瑞在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的示完性。因此B項(xiàng)為最佳答案。2、B句意:因?yàn)長(zhǎng)UCy失業(yè)了，所以她在考慮重返校園，但她現(xiàn) 在還沒決定。根據(jù)題意說話者在說現(xiàn)在的情況，因此排除了 A、C、D 三項(xiàng)，B飛行員現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

23、，表示現(xiàn)在的事，進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“考慮” 這個(gè)動(dòng)作的“未完性”，所以是最佳答案。3、C句意：北京市市長(zhǎng)說所有北京奧林區(qū)克建筑將于20*年完 成。此題考查英語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)，很顯然本題應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)， 因此排除B、D根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語by20*,應(yīng)選擇將來完成時(shí)，因此選CA 題干中主句為 SeIeCting a mob訂e PhOne is no easy task,謂語動(dòng) 詞表示了一種“含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，使用的是一 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(is no easy task)；后面的狀態(tài)從句(because-)中則說明原因?yàn)椤凹夹g(shù)更新變化迅速”，應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：(technology) is Cha

24、nging (SO rapidly)。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在此表示 了一種“持續(xù)變化”的狀態(tài)，體現(xiàn)了 “變化、趨勢(shì)、發(fā)展和進(jìn)展”5、D題干后的分句(but-)為轉(zhuǎn)折語氣，并在句中使用了現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí)態(tài)(I haven, t had time to PIay),表示自從 new year 以 來一直沒有打過乒乓球，由此可以排除選項(xiàng)B (WilI Play)、C (have 9第9頁(yè)共13頁(yè)幣個(gè)人平等地提升自我!Played) o由此推斷前一人句中所說狀態(tài)為"含此刻在內(nèi)的廣泛意義 上的現(xiàn)在時(shí)間”，則空中應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)這一時(shí)間概念。6、D句意為：參觀者被要求不觸摸展品。所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式。

25、7、D第一空為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，與一段時(shí)間狀語連用(for eight years)；第二空：在一次晚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)之前就見過，上是“過去的過 去”的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，幫選D。8、C從上下文可知，Ted已經(jīng)死了，屬于過去發(fā)生的事情，對(duì) 于動(dòng)詞kill來講，應(yīng)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選C9、A由題中所設(shè)語境可知，一句隊(duì)員受傷應(yīng)是過去的動(dòng)作，故選 AO10、D從對(duì)話題干所設(shè)語境看，此處談?wù)摰氖沁^去所沒有發(fā)生的 事(you haven, t Said a WOrd)此對(duì)話中，Brenda為自己沒能對(duì) 朋友所穿新衣早加贊賞向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢猓籗OOner (=at an earlier time)作為附加狀語傳達(dá)了十分重要的時(shí)間信息。

26、此處仍應(yīng)使用表示過去行為的簡(jiǎn)單過去時(shí)，與后面句子中的現(xiàn)在 時(shí)態(tài)(I CertainIy think)形成對(duì)照。其余選項(xiàng)所給時(shí) 態(tài)hasn' t Written US recently。11、A前句中recently與事句中動(dòng)詞民用的語氣為重要提示：We ShOUld have heard from her by now. =We haven,t heard from her by now此處討論最近該發(fā)生而沒發(fā)生的事，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：hasn, t Written US recently.12、B marry是終止性動(dòng)詞，用在此notuntil句型中表示"我 叔叔直到四十五歲

27、才結(jié)婚。”13、D When從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式表將來時(shí)間。14、B答語中的SinCeI990是關(guān)鍵信息。15、B時(shí)間狀語in the PaSt five years與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間有關(guān)。16、D圖書館的安靜被打破，故須用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；情景中找不出與 現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)間信息，故A是錯(cuò)誤的。17、C grow與as從句里的Wait發(fā)生。題干前半句為時(shí)間狀語， 提供了極為重要的時(shí)間線索：All InOrning as She Waited,表示了 過去的一段延續(xù)時(shí)間，本空之中動(dòng)詞所表示的行為(her nervousness“grow”)與此同時(shí)進(jìn)行。此處仍應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。本題中與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間相關(guān)的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)(

28、A. has grown B IS growing)很容易排除；D項(xiàng)(had grown)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，應(yīng)用于表示 過去特定時(shí)間之前的行為，與語境不符，也可排除。18、B Stay這晨是系動(dòng)詞的用法，不用被動(dòng)形式。根據(jù)本題設(shè)空之后所執(zhí)著續(xù)的形容詞fresh判斷，選項(xiàng)所給動(dòng)詞 Stay 為 系動(dòng)詞 (=to ContinUe Or remain in a PIaCe ,POSitiOn or COnditiOnCOLLlNS NEW ENGLlSH DICTlONARY), 因此，很容易 排除A項(xiàng)(系動(dòng)詞不可能使用權(quán)用被動(dòng)語態(tài))；從句意看，說話人向 對(duì)方提出建議(Why don, t you?)

29、,然后闡明依據(jù)(the meat will),應(yīng)該是Stay的一般形式，而不會(huì)是進(jìn)行式(C項(xiàng)be Staying)或完成式(D 項(xiàng) have Stayed)。19、D注意Mr Parker這里針對(duì)的是"Sorry , joe”這件事，而 不是“I didn, t mean to”那件事。而前者正是“此時(shí)此刻”發(fā) 生的，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：你應(yīng)稱呼我帕克先生，你不是忘了 吧！題干選材為大小對(duì)話形式，語境完整，前者向Joe道歉，后者11第11頁(yè)共13頁(yè)讓毎個(gè)人平等地提升自我!（joe本人）拒不接受道歉，認(rèn)為稱呼自己為JOe是：“套近乎”。提 醒并警千對(duì)方，語氣非常嚴(yán)厲。20、B at this time IOnIOrrOW指明的是將來的某一具體時(shí)間， 故用來將