(動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組定稿)

1、二 系動(dòng)詞 系動(dòng)詞亦稱(chēng)連系動(dòng)詞（Link Verb），作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，后邊必須跟表語(yǔ)（亦稱(chēng)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。說(shuō)明：有些系動(dòng)詞又是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，該動(dòng)詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí)，有詞義，可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。smell (書(shū)上110面)1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞-用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。He is a teacher.2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞-用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。He always kept silent at meeting.3）表像系動(dòng)詞-用來(lái)表示看起來(lái)像這一概念，主要有

2、seem, appear, look。He looks tired. He seems （to be） very sad.4）感官系動(dòng)詞-感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.5）變化系動(dòng)詞-表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come. He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.6）終止系動(dòng)詞-表

3、示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)證實(shí)，變成之意。The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. 三. 助動(dòng)詞 1）協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的詞叫助動(dòng)詞。被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞稱(chēng)作主要?jiǎng)釉~。助動(dòng)詞自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用。He doesnt like English.他不喜歡英語(yǔ)。（doesnt是助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)詞義；like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義）2） 助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~完成以下功用，可以用來(lái)：a. 表示時(shí)態(tài)。He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已結(jié)婚。b. 表示語(yǔ)態(tài)。He was

4、 sent to England.他被派往英國(guó)。c. 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。Do you like college life?你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？d. 與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句。I dont like him. e. 加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。Do come to the party tomorrow evening. He did know that.3） 最常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。l 助動(dòng)詞be的用法 1） be +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。They are having a meeting.2）be + 過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The

5、 window was broken by Tom.3） be + 動(dòng)詞不定式，可表示下列內(nèi)容：a. 表示最近、未來(lái)的計(jì)劃或安排。 He is to go to New York next week. b. 表示命令。You are to explain this.c.征求意見(jiàn)。 How am I to answer him?我該怎樣答復(fù)他？d. 表示相約、商定。We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.l 助動(dòng)詞have的用法 1. have +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。 He has left for London

6、. By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.2）have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 I have been studying English for ten years.3）have +been +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成完成式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： English has been taught in China for many years. 中國(guó)教英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)多年。l 助動(dòng)詞do 的用法 1）構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。 Do you want to pass the CET?你想通過(guò)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)測(cè)試嗎？ Did you

7、 study German?你們學(xué)過(guò)德語(yǔ)嗎？2）do + not 構(gòu)成否定句。 I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批評(píng)。 He doesnt like to study. 他不想學(xué)習(xí)。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.3） 構(gòu)成否定祈使句。Dont go there.不要去那里。 說(shuō)明： 構(gòu)成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4）放在動(dòng)詞原形前，加強(qiáng)該動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣。 Do come to my birthday party.一定來(lái)參加我的生日宴會(huì)。 I

8、 did go there.我確實(shí)去那兒了。 I do miss you.我確實(shí)想你。5）用于倒裝句。 Never did I hear of such a thing. Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 6）用作代動(dòng)詞。 - Do you like Beijing?-你喜歡北京嗎？ - Yes, I do.-是的，喜歡。（do用作代動(dòng)詞，代替like Beijing.）l 助動(dòng)詞shall和will的用法 shall和will作為助動(dòng)詞可以與動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)。I

9、shall study harder at English. 我將更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。l 助動(dòng)詞should, would的用法 1）should無(wú)詞義，只是shall的過(guò)去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，只用于第一人稱(chēng)。We never thought we should see you again.2） would也無(wú)詞義，是will的過(guò)去形式，與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，用于第二、第三人稱(chēng)。 He said he would come.四、情 態(tài) 動(dòng) 詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是表示情態(tài)意義的動(dòng)詞, 它表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài),它不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),必須

10、與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化.英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有: can ( could ) , may ( might ), must ,shall ( should ) ,will ( would ) , need , dare , ought to 1. 表示請(qǐng)求和允許: can, could , may, might. 過(guò)去式使語(yǔ)氣更委婉，答語(yǔ)應(yīng)用原形。 - Could I use your computer tomorrow morning?- Yes, you can.( 否定回答可用：No, Im afraid not.)2表示推測(cè)：理論可能性can可能性肯定句mus

11、t, may ,might, could疑問(wèn)句can否定句cant (不可能)，may not (可能不)can表示理論上的可能性，指某事或情況可能發(fā)生，但并不說(shuō)明實(shí)際上真的發(fā)生. Children can be very tiring.3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用技巧1）can, could & be able to can 泛指一般能力could表示能做某事，事實(shí)上不一定去做;be able to表示成功地做成了某一件事， 相當(dāng)于managed to do或succeeded in doing sth.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but

12、everyone was able to get out.2）. may / might (just)as well do sth “還是好”、“不妨” You might as well tell me the truth. 你還是把真相告訴我的好。3）. must和have to （1) must表示的是說(shuō)話(huà)人的主觀(guān)看法; have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀(guān)需要。（2）否定形式含義不同: mustnt禁止，不許可;dont have to不必（3) must 偏要（做令人不快的事）Must you shout so loudly?4）. shall和shouldshall（1)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)和

13、向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示，用于第一、三人稱(chēng)。 When shall my father be able to leave hospital?（2)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅以及說(shuō)話(huà)人的決心。You shall go with me (命令) You shall have the book when I finish it.（允諾）He shall be punished （威脅）Nothing shall stop me from doing it. (決心)should（1) 表示勸告和建議“應(yīng)該”（2) “按道理應(yīng)當(dāng)”“估計(jì)” They should be there by now, I

14、think. （3） 用于第一人稱(chēng)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣。I should advise you not do that.我倒是勸你別這樣做。（4） 在條件句中表示“萬(wàn)一”，主句不一定用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.Should I be free tomorrow, Ill come. （5） Why / How + should 結(jié)構(gòu)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)某事不能理解，感到意外等意思， 意為“竟然”，也用在某些從句中。 It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.

15、 這種事竟然發(fā)生在我身上真不公平。5）. will 和would （1）表示意志和意愿。will 指現(xiàn)在，would指過(guò)去。If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice.（2）表示請(qǐng)求、建議，would比will委婉、客氣。Will (Would ) you please pass me the book?（3）表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，“總是” “慣于”，will指現(xiàn)在，would指過(guò)去。Fish will die without water. Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in

16、 thought.（4). 表示功能， 意為“能” 或“行” The machine wont work.（5) 表示預(yù)料或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home.猜想他離開(kāi)家時(shí)大約十點(diǎn)。 6）. would & used to（1）表示過(guò)去持續(xù)的狀態(tài)和情況用used to; would不與表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用。There used to be a hospital here. （2）would 常與often, sometimes, for hours等表示時(shí)間的副詞連用。We would sit in the yard every evening

17、 and listened to his story.（3）used to 強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的行為同現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比，含有“過(guò)去怎樣，而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了”的含義. He will not spend the money on books as he used to.7）. dare 和need8） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done（1） may（might） have + done sth,can （could） have + done sth表示過(guò)去，推測(cè)過(guò)去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情。 Philip may /might have been hurt seriously in the car accident.（

18、2） must have +done sth，對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)-Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -She must have gone by bus.（3） ought to have done sth, should have done sth （ought to 在語(yǔ)氣上比should 要強(qiáng)。）表示本應(yīng)該做某事，而事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有做。否定句表示不該做某事而做了。 You ought to /should have been more careful in this experiment. H

19、e ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（4） neednt have done sth 表示本沒(méi)必要做某事，但做了。I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I neednt have done so. The weather was hot.（5） would have done sth 表示本打算做某事，但沒(méi)做。 I would have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想讀這篇文章，但太忙了一直沒(méi)讀。9） had better表示最好

20、had better 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形。 had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat. Shed better not play with the dog. had better have done sth.表示與事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果，意為本來(lái)最好。 You had better have come earlier.10） would rather表示寧愿 would rather than寧愿而不愿。 If I have a choic

21、e, I would rather not continue my studies at this school. I would rather stay here than go home. Need“need”既可以作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，但是它們的用法不同。 下面是“need”作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法： 一、need表示“需要”或“必須”，通常用于否定句,疑問(wèn)句,條件句。例如： 1You neednt do it again你不需要再做了。 2He neednt worry about it這件事他無(wú)需擔(dān)心。 3Need he do this homework first？他需要先做這些

22、作業(yè)嗎？ 4Need they fill in the form？他們需要填表嗎？ 二、在否定句中，可以用need的否定形式不定式完成體。例如： 1We neednt have worried其實(shí)我們不必要慌。 2You neednt have mentioned it你本來(lái)不必提起這件事。 3You neednt have said that when he asked當(dāng)他問(wèn)的時(shí)候，你其實(shí)不必要說(shuō)。 三、neednt后的不定式間或也能用進(jìn)行式或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： 1He neednt be standing in the rain他不必要站在雨中。 2We neednt be waiting

23、in this place我們不必要在這兒等。 3The hedges neednt be trimmed this week本周樹(shù)蘺不必要整修。 四、其一般疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)，肯定用must，否定用neednt。 Need I go with her? 我需要和他一起去嗎？ Yes, you must. 是的，你需要去。 No, you neednt. 不，你不必去。 “need”作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，通常用法是： 人need to do 物need doing 物need to be done 另外，“need”作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后還可以直接跟名詞。請(qǐng)看下面的例子： It is a question tha

24、t needs very careful consideration這是一個(gè)需要慎重考慮的問(wèn)題 很簡(jiǎn)單的方法區(qū)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：當(dāng)need為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意思是“必要”，否定為neednt，后面大多接動(dòng)名詞，表示動(dòng)作； 當(dāng)need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意思是“需要”，否定為dont need,后面大多跟名詞。 還有need作名詞.意思就是需求，需要.比如 meet ones needs 滿(mǎn)足某人需求.need n.需要, 必需, 必需品, 要求, 貧困the need to do， the need of sth.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見(jiàn)真情。

25、 I am in need of a laptop.我需要一臺(tái)筆記本電腦。I am in a crying need for $1,000. 我急需1000塊錢(qián) Daredare 可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 Dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如： How dare you say Im unfair. He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? dare也常用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，所不同的是，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接帶to的不定式，在否定和疑問(wèn)句中，da

26、re后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。如： I dare to swim across this river. He does not dare (to) answer. Dont you dare (to) touch it! I wondered he dared (to) say that. dare not to 中dare為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞dont/doesnt/didnt dare to中dare是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞dont用在第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)現(xiàn)在式中doesnt用在第三人稱(chēng)現(xiàn)在式didnt用在過(guò)去式中1. 用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞其意為“敢”，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，通常只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句以及 if 或 wheth

27、er 之后，一般不用于肯定句：Dare you tell her the truth? 你敢告訴她事實(shí)真相嗎? I dont know whether he dare try. 我不知他是否敢試一試。I darent ask her this question. 我不敢問(wèn)她這個(gè)問(wèn)題。I dare say 是習(xí)慣說(shuō)法(用于肯定句)，并不一定要譯為“我敢說(shuō)”，它所表示的是一種不肯定的語(yǔ)氣，常譯為“大概”、“我想”等：I dare say (that) you are right. 我想你是對(duì)的。2. 用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞意為“敢于”，可以有詞形變化，可用于各類(lèi)句型(肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句及各類(lèi)從句等)，其

28、后可接不定式(有時(shí)也可省略to)We must dare to think, speak and act. 我們必須敢想、敢說(shuō)、敢做。Does she dare to go alone? 她敢一個(gè)人去嗎?Tom didnt dare to do it. 湯姆不敢做那件事記憶口訣： 看似落下來(lái)去跑， 1停留站息成臥倒。 2續(xù)保生長(zhǎng)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)變， 3聞聲感覺(jué)嘗得到。 4舉例說(shuō)明每個(gè)注解：1look看,seem似乎,fall落下, come來(lái), go去, run跑例句： look 看（作“半系動(dòng)詞”用時(shí)意為：看起來(lái)） She looked very tired but she was still chee

29、rful. 她看起來(lái)很累，但她仍然很樂(lè)觀(guān)。seem 似乎（是），看來(lái)He seemed to me quite normal. 在我看來(lái)，他似乎很平常。 They seemed happytogether. 他們?cè)谝黄饡r(shí)似乎很快樂(lè)。 fall 落下（作“半系動(dòng)詞”用時(shí)意為：變成，進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)） He asked for leave because his mother fell ill. 他因母親生病而請(qǐng)假。 come 來(lái)（作“半系動(dòng)詞”用時(shí)意為：變成，成為是） Wrong never comes right. 錯(cuò)誤的永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)變成正確的。 go 去（作“半系動(dòng)詞”用時(shí)意為：變?yōu)?，成為）His

30、black hair has gone grey. 他的黑頭發(fā)變白了。The milk easily goes sour in hot weather. 在炎熱的天氣里，牛奶很容易變酸。 run 跑（作“半系動(dòng)詞”用時(shí)意為：變?yōu)椋兊茫㏕hese shirts run small. 這幾件襯衫（變）小了。The stream ran dry because it hadnt rained for months. 因?yàn)閹讉€(gè)月沒(méi)下雨，那條小溪干枯了。2stay停留,remain留下, stand站，立, rest休息, become變成,lie臥倒。例句： stay 停留（作“半系動(dòng)詞”用時(shí)意為：

31、保持某種狀態(tài)） The man still stays single. 那個(gè)男子還是單身。 remain 留下（作“半系動(dòng)詞”用時(shí)意為：仍然處于某種狀態(tài)） His fine personal qualities remain unchanged. 他的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)保持不變。 Her uncle remained poor all his life. 他叔父一生貧窮。 stand 站，立（作“半系動(dòng)詞”用時(shí)意為：保持某種狀態(tài)）He said he stood corrected. 他說(shuō)他接受指正。The contract stands good for another year. 該合同繼續(xù)有效一年

32、。 rest 休息（作“半系動(dòng)詞”用時(shí)意為：保持某種狀態(tài)） She told me that she rested satisfied. 她告訴我她心滿(mǎn)意足了。 become 變成，成為 His son used to work very hard, but he has become very lazy. 他兒子過(guò)去很努力，但現(xiàn)在卻變得非常懶惰。 She has become rich by diligence. 她靠勤奮而發(fā)了財(cái)。 lie 臥，躺（作“半系動(dòng)詞”用時(shí)意為：處于某種狀態(tài)） The book lay open on the desk. 桌子上的書(shū)打開(kāi)著。 Not an inch of land is allowed to lie wasted. 一寸土地也不能讓它荒廢。3continue繼續(xù), keep保持, grow生長(zhǎng), appear出現(xiàn), turn轉(zhuǎn)變例句： continue 繼續(xù)（處于某種狀態(tài)） The weather continued fine. 天氣仍然很好。 Her mothers illness continued long. 她母親的病拖了很久。 keep 保持，繼續(xù)（處于某種狀態(tài)）She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必須保持鎮(zhèn)靜。Ke