最新最全備課精編精講精練中考英語語法專題八時態(tài)語態(tài)專題十非謂語動詞

1、 專題十 非謂語動詞【命題趨勢】非謂語動詞是比較難的語法項(xiàng)目之一。動詞不定式的各種用法、動名詞的固定搭配、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞在語境中的運(yùn)用及區(qū)別是各地中考經(jīng)常考查的語法項(xiàng)目。【考點(diǎn)歸納】1、動詞不定式的句法功能和固定搭配2、動名詞的句法功能和固定搭配3、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）的句法功能和固定搭配【語法精講】在句中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：不定式、動名詞和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）一、 動詞不定式1、 構(gòu)成及否定式：(not) to do2、句法和功能：1）主語：做主語的不定式通常用it作形式主語，把不定式放后面 To speak En

2、glish is not easy for us. =It is not easy for us to speak English. 2）表語：多數(shù)情況下，不定式做表語通?？赊D(zhuǎn)化作主語 My work is to clean the room every day. =To clean the room is my work.3）賓語：只能做某些動詞賓語，一般不作介詞的賓語 He likes to play basketball.4）賓補(bǔ)：在make, let, see, hear, watch等動詞后接省to的不定式 She asked me to speak Chinese. He ofte

3、n makes his brother cry.5）定語：不定式做定語要放在修飾詞的后面，尤其是不定代詞和序數(shù)詞的定語要用不定式. Have you got anything (to eat)?6）狀語：不定式做狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致. I went to the library 【to study English】.二、動名詞1、動名詞的構(gòu)成 doing2、句法功能：1）主語：謂語動詞用單數(shù) Eating too much is bad for your health.2）賓語：表示一般的習(xí)慣性或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動作. I like playing basketball ver

4、y much.(動詞賓語) Stamps are used for sending letters.(介詞賓語)3）表語：多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)化成主語 His hobby is collecting stamps. = Collecting stamps is his hobby.4）定語：只表明他所修飾的詞的用途，所屬關(guān)系等。至于所修飾詞之前. She is in the (reading) room. We should improve our (teaching) methods.三、分詞1、分詞的構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在分詞 (doing) 和過去分詞 (done) 兩種2、句法功能：1）定

5、語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，其邏輯主語和非謂語動詞之間是主動關(guān)系；過去分詞作定語，其邏輯主語和非謂語動詞之間是被動關(guān)系。 Do you know the girl (standing under the tree)? 主動 Have you read the book (written by Guojingming)? 被動2）狀語：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，非謂語動詞和主語之間是主動關(guān)系；過去分詞作狀語，非謂語動詞主語之間是被動關(guān)系。例如： The students went out of the classroom, 【talking and laughing】. （伴隨狀語、主動） 【Seen from

6、the hill】, our school looks more beautiful. （條件狀語、被動）3）表語：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主要性質(zhì)、特征；過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)。 The situation is encouraging. The boy is too frightened to move.4）補(bǔ)足語：現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語，賓補(bǔ)與賓語之間是主動關(guān)系；過去分詞作補(bǔ)足語，賓補(bǔ)與賓語之間是被動關(guān)系.例如： Dont keep us waiting for a long time. （“我們”與“等”之間是主動關(guān)系） He will have his hair cut after school. （“

7、頭發(fā)”與“剪、理”之間是被動關(guān)系）【歸納總結(jié)】一后面必須跟v-ing形式的情況1.動詞： finish doing sth.完成做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事；practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事 imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事 consider doing sth.考慮做某事；suggest doing sth.建議做某事 mind doing sth.介意做某事；keep doing sth.持續(xù)做某事2.固定短語： feel like doing sth.喜歡做某事 be busy doing sth

8、.忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事； spend time (in) doing sth.花費(fèi)時間（金錢）做某事；have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困難 have fun doing.做某事高興3.介詞后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等) be good at doing sth./ do well in doing sth.擅長做某事 thank sb. for doing sth.因?yàn)樽隽四呈露兄x某人give up doing sth.放棄做某

9、事stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事be interested in doing sth.對做某事感興趣be proud of doing sth. 做某事很自豪instead of doing sth. 而且不是做某事be fond of doing sth.喜歡做某事4.to作介詞的情況look forward to doing sth期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to doing sth與相比較更喜歡； pay attention to doing注意做某事； be/get used

10、to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事；make a contribution to為做貢獻(xiàn)二后面必須跟不定式（to do）的情況1.動詞：agree to do同意去做； afford to do買得起；decide to do決定去做某事； hope to do希望去做；wish to do希望去做； fail to do做某事失敗去; plan to do打算去做； pretend to do假裝去做； refuse to do拒絕去做； would like to do想要去做；want to do想要去做某事； learn to do 學(xué)做；seem to do sth好像做某事；

11、want/would like to do sth. 想做；used to do sth. 過去常常做某事 asked sb. to do sth. 叫某人做事某事tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人去做某事 get sb. to do sth. 讓某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人去做某事follow sb. to do sth. 跟隨某人去做某事2.固定結(jié)構(gòu)be amazed to do sth. 對做某事感到驚訝be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be excited to do

12、sth. 對做感到興奮 be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事be glad/happy to do sth. 高興去做某事be/get ready to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事be sorry to do sth. 對做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to do sth. 對做某事感到驚奇cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一個做某事的機(jī)會try/do ones best to do sth. 盡力去做某事too(for sb.) to 太以致不能 =not enough

13、to do prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿而不愿（常考）something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的東西（詞不定式放在something等后修飾這些Its + adj.+(for /of sb.) to do sth. 做某事（對某人來說）怎么樣It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花費(fèi)某人多長時間做某事（?？迹㊣ts best for sb. to do sth. 對某人來說做某事是最好的Its time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的時候了Sth. is hard

14、/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很難/容易take turns to do sth. 輪流做There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 對（某人來說）沒時間做某事了There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 對某人來說沒必要做某事三、后面既能跟不定式也能跟動名詞的情況1、后加不定式或動名詞意思相近的動詞to do like doing 喜歡做某事 to do love doing 熱愛做某事to dohate doing 憎恨做某事 to doprefer doing 寧可做某事 to dobegin/sta

15、rt doing 開始做某事 to docontinue doing 繼續(xù)做某事2、后加不定式或動名詞區(qū)別較大的動詞remember to do(記住去做) remember doing(記得做過) forget to do(忘記去做) forget doing(忘記做過) try to do(設(shè)法做) try doing(試著做) go on to do(接著做另一事) go on doing(繼續(xù)做同一事) stop to do(停下來去做) stop doing(停止做) cant help to do(不能幫助做) cant help doing(情不自禁做) need to do 需

16、要做某事need doing 需要做某事（被動）=need to be donewant to do 想要做某事want doing 想要做某事（被動）=want to be done四、后跟不帶to的不定式（動詞原形）的情況1在感官動詞和使役動詞后feel， hear，listen to，watch，look at，see， notice ，make，let，have等后跟動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時應(yīng)省去不定式符號to。注意：將此句改為被動句時，省去的不定式符號to應(yīng)加上。 在動詞help后跟不定式作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語時，既可帶to，也可不帶to。2.助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后：do, did, doe

17、s, will, shall, would, should, can, may, must等后面接不帶to的動詞不定式。3.某些固定句型中1）Will（Would）you please（not）？請（不要）做某事好嗎？2）had better最好做某事3）Why not？為何不做某事 4) would rather(not).寧可(不)； would rather.than.=would.rather than. 寧可做也不5）在祈使語氣(或口語)中。五既可跟動詞原形又可跟動詞ing形式的情況see, watch, notice, hear, listen to等動詞后面既可跟原形又可跟動名詞

18、形式，跟原形時表示做過或經(jīng)常做，跟動名詞時表示正在做。see/watch sb. do sth.看到某人做過(經(jīng)常做）某事 see/watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事hear sb. do sth.聽到某人做過（經(jīng)常做）某事 hear sb. doing sth.聽到某人正在做某事【中考鏈接】【2013浙江杭州】Shes not strong enough _ walking up mountains.A. to goB. goingC. goD. went【答案】A【2013上海】47Even Tonys granddaughter，a five-year-old g

19、irl，asked him_ smoking A)give up B)gave up C)to give up D)giving up【答案】C【2013江蘇無錫】9. Dont throw away the waste paper. It needs so that it can be reused. A. to destroyB. destroyingC. to collectD. collecting【答案】D【2012江蘇蘇州】7Paul made a nice cage _the little sick bird till it could fly Akeep Bkept Ckeep

20、ing Dto keep【答案】D【2012江蘇宿遷】14. Which do you prefer, Chinese food or Western food? I would rather       Chinese food. Lets have noodles.   A. to have     B. having      C. had       

21、;  D. have【答案】D【2012山東聊城】31. _ English well, one must have a lot of practice.A. Speaks B. To speak C. Spoken D. Speak【答案】B【實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練】基礎(chǔ)練1 .It took him only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired 2.Jack said that he wouldn't mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait

22、 C. waiting D. waited 3. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 4. We should often practise _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 5. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. to try D. trying6.How much time did you spend _

23、the text? A. copying B. to copy C. in copy D. on copying 7.Though it sounds a bit too dear(昂貴),it is worth _. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 8.The farmers were busy _ cotton. A. to pick B. picking C. with picking D. pick 9. - Im too busy _ to my family.   - Why not call t

24、hem instead?  A. writing    B. to write     C. written     D. write10. - Look! The lights in the classroom are still on.  - Oh, I forgot _.  A. turning them off         &

25、#160;B. turn them off   C. to turn them off          D. having turned them off11. He devoted his life to _ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied 12. We are both looking forward to _ next week. A. going on voc

26、ation B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation 13.You must pay attention to _ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read 14.You should work tonight instead of _ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching 16.The heart keeps _ all the time. A.

27、to beat B. beating C. beaten D. to have been beating 17. It's no good _ over split milk. A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry 18. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 19. All of the plans are very good. I really dont know _. A. which to talk     &

28、#160;     B. which to talk about    C. to talk about which          D. I asked you for help20. _ English well, one must have a lot of practice.A. Speaks B. To speak C. Spoken D. Speak21. She reached the top of the hill a

29、nd stopped _ on a big rock.  A. to have rested             B. resting  C. to rest                    D. rest22. Do you know the boy _ under

30、the big tree?  A. lay  B. lain  C. laying  D. lying23. Youd better _ your bike _ at once. It is Monday tomorrow, you know.    A. to have, mend              B. have, mended   C. hav

31、e, to mend              D. to have, mended24. There are many people _ to buy cars in the modern world.A. want         B. wanted       C. wanting    &#

32、160;D. to want25. “Cant you read?” the officer said _ to the notice.    A. angrily pointing          B. and point angrily  C. angrily pointed           D. point angrily提高練1.Many people

33、enjoy _ majiang(麻將). A. playing B. playing the C. to play D. to play the 2.Mike has got used _ up late at night. A. to stay B. stay C. to staying D. staying3.Once the heart stops _,death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating4.Mr Taylor went on _ in spite of illness.

34、 A. to work B. worked C. working D. to be working 5. I think it kind _.   A. of him to help me          B. for him to help   C. that he help me           D. of him helping me6. I rememb

35、ered _ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see 7. Have you got anything _?    A. to open the box           B. opening the box with    C. opening the box      

36、0;     D. to open the box with9.Your clothes need _. A. washed B to be washed C. to wash D. being washed 10._ provides us with essential nutrients(營養(yǎng)),while _ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed 11.He attende

37、d the party without _. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited 12. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 13. energy, turn off the hot water after

38、you take a shower. A. Save B. Saving C. Saved D. To save14.It is no use _ without thorough _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understand 15.When I went into the room，I found _ in bedAhim lying Bhe lying Che liesDhim was lying16. Drivers shouldn'

39、;t be allowed _ after drinking, or they will break the law. 來源A. drive B. driving C. to drive D. to be driven17. The policeman warned the young man _ after drinking.         A. never to drive             B

40、. to never drive          C. never driving              D. never drive18. - Whats the language _ in New Zealand?   - English.  A. speaking    

41、60;B. spoken      C. be spoken      D. to speak19. He didnt feel like _ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold. A. to go        B. goes      C. gone      

42、  D. going20. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.   A. learn   B. to learn       C. learned      D. learning21. A bird was seen _ into the classroom yesterday.   A. flew 

43、60;     B. to fly       C. fly       D. was flying22. We should do as much as we can _ water.    A. for saving       B. to save      C. save  

44、60;   D. saved23. The little boy woke up his father, _ “Happy Birthday!” A. call     B. to call     C. called        D. calling24. The car _ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.  A. produced &#

45、160;    B. producing C. to produce     D. which produced25. The sick man stayed in bed, _ very terrible.   A. felt  B. feeling   C. is feeling   D. was feeling拓展練任務(wù)型閱讀 (每空填一個單詞)Although many Chinese students say that their kn

46、owledge of English grammar is good, most think that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to Chinese students, they always say, “ My spoken English is poor”. However, their spoken English doesnt have to remain “poor”. I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems

47、 with spoken English.First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves because of a limited vocabulary. The better answer is to improve their vocabulary. However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary, if you do your best to express yourself in English. Others will follow you as long as you use