形-容-詞-和-副-詞

1、形容詞和副詞 知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點和難點！一、形容詞 用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞，叫形容詞。形容詞的作用，見下表：作用例 句定 語 You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表語 Your coat is too small.賓語補足語 The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.注意：有些形容詞只能作表語，如： alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：Don' t wake the sleeping baby up. He is

2、asleep.The old man is alone. 形容詞用來修飾 something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代詞，要放在這些詞的后面。 例如：You' d better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.多個形容詞做定語時排列的先后順序是：1冠詞或人稱代詞2數(shù)詞 3性質(zhì) 4大小5形狀6表示老少，新舊7顏色8事務、質(zhì)地、人的國籍、用途。例如：His grandpa still lives in this small sh

3、ort house. 他爺爺還住在這個矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那個婦女買了兩個漂亮的中國盤子。形容詞名詞化： 有些形容詞前加定冠詞后變成名詞， 表示一類人， 謂語常用復數(shù)。 這類詞有： rich / poor;good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white 表示人種等 。例如：The young should take good care of the old. 年輕人應該好好照顧老人。The rich never

4、 help the poor in this country. 在這個國家，富人從來不幫助窮人。表示數(shù)量的詞組。如：One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor. 有一天，一位 25 歲的年輕人來拜訪這位教授。I live in a building about fifty meters high. 我住在一做大約 50 米高的大樓里。 形容詞短語做定語時要后置。如：They are the students easy to teach. 他們是很容易較的學生。We live in a hous

5、e much larger than yours. 我們住的房子比你們的大得多。else要放在疑問代詞或復合不定詞之后。如：Did you see anybody else?你看到別的人了嗎？二、副詞英語中副詞的位置和漢語不盡相同，它的位置比擬靈活。通常用作狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、 副詞等。下面來介紹一下副詞的分類方法：多數(shù)副詞都可以放在它所修飾的動詞后面。如：We are living happily.我們幸福的生活著。He runs slowly.他跑的很慢。 時間副詞、地點副詞和方式副詞一般放在句末。如：They went to the park yesterday morning. 昨天

6、上午他們?nèi)ス珗@了。I heard him sing English songs over there. 我聽見他在那邊唱英語歌曲。He drove the jeep carefully.他小心地開著吉普。注意： 有時表示時間的副詞也可放在句首，起強調(diào)作用。如： Yesterday I got up late.昨天我起床很晚。頻度副詞一般放在 be 動詞、情態(tài)動詞及第一個助動詞之后，實義動詞之前 如： He is seldom ill.他很少生病。You must always remember this.你一定要記住這一點。I often write to my parents.我經(jīng)常寫信給父

7、母。Do you usually go to school on foot.你經(jīng)常走路去上學？He has never been to Beijing.他從來沒有去過北京。注意： 有時為了加強語氣，頻度副詞也可放在句首。如：Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to school by bike. 有時她乘公共汽車上學，有時騎自行車去。程度副詞修飾動詞時，與頻度副詞相同，修飾形容詞和副詞時，放在它所修 飾的詞前面。如：That ' s quite early.那很早。I nearly missed the

8、bus. 我?guī)缀蹂e過了公交車。She did rather badly.她干得相當糟。否認副詞一般放在動詞之前、系動詞 be 或助動詞之后。如：She seldom goes out at night.她晚上很少出門。I am never late for school. 我上學從不遲到。We had hardly got to the station when the train left. 火車離開時，我們差不多/幾乎到了車站。疑問副詞放在特殊疑問句的句首。如：When can you come? 你什么時候來？How many days are there in a month? 一個月

9、有多少天？What are you going to do when you grow up? 張大以后，你打算干什么？Where were you born? 你是在那里出生的？ Why didn ' t he come? 他為什么沒有來？ 關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why 引導定語從句時，位于從句之前、所修飾的詞之后。如： Tell me the reason why you did it.把你這樣做的理由告訴我。It ' s the sort of day when you ' d like to stay in bed. 這是個令人戀床不起的日子。I

10、don ' t know thpelace where we will go. 我不知道我們將要去的地方。 同時存在時間狀語和地點狀語時，時間狀語一般放在后面。如： The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.明天會議將在教室里舉行。He watched TV in his room last night. 他作晚在房間里看電視。They arrived in Beijing at 8 o ' clock last evening. 他們昨天晚上 8:00 到達北京。注：有些詞既可用做形容詞也可副詞。如：late, wi

11、de, well, fast, easy, early 等The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.Open your mouth wide.三、形容詞和副詞的比擬級和最高級 形容詞和副詞的比擬級和最高級的變化方法如下：1) 符合規(guī)那么的： 情 況加 法例 詞一 般 情 況直接加 -er ; -esttall-taller-tallest以 e 結(jié)尾的詞力口- r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以"輔音+y結(jié)尾的詞變 y為i再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driest heavy-h

12、eavier-heaviest 以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞輔音字母雙寫，再加 -er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest 多音節(jié)和局部雙音節(jié)單詞在詞前加 more ; mostmore deliciousmost delicious2幾個不規(guī)那么的形容詞和副詞的比擬級和最高級如下表： 原 級比擬級最高級 good , wellbetterbest bad , illworseworst many , muchmoremostlittlelessleast farfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest形容詞和副詞比擬級的用法 級別比擬程度表達方式

13、和意義例 句備 注 原級同等程度定式 As+ 原級 +as像一樣 Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can. 否 定 形式 not + so as +原級 +as不女口那樣 English is not so difficult as scienee.She does not study so well as I do.比擬級不同程度 用于兩者比擬比擬級 +than比Jim is older tha n Luky.much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit 等 程度加深比擬級+

14、and+比擬級越來越The + 比擬級， the + 比擬級越 ,越He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand. 最高級最高程度用于三者或三者以上 The +最高級 +of in最Spri ng is the best seas on of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all. 副詞最高級前面的 the 往往省略 注意：有些形容詞，如 dead, empty,

15、 round, sure, woolen 等受本身含義的限制，沒有比擬級。 例題解析：舉一反三，學的更輕松！He is friends than I.A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more 解析： 后面有可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時， many 的比擬級形式為 many more 修飾。 應選 B.2. Which is the country, Japan or Australia?A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing 解析： 兩者比擬

16、用比擬級， 表示“興旺用 developed, 而 developing 是 “開展中的 “ 意思3 There were shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.A. littleB. few C. fewerD. less解析： little 不能修飾可數(shù)名詞，兩者比擬需用比擬級， 所以應選 C.4. If you are not free today, come another day .A. too B. so C. insteadD. yet解析： instead 作副詞用時意為“代替，頂替 ， 表示前面的事情沒做， 而是做了后面的 事。 Ins

17、tead 一般位于句首。應選 C.5 He can' t tell us , I think.A. important anything B. anything importantC. important somethingD. something important.解析：不定代詞與形容詞聯(lián)用需后置，否認句中應該用 anything 而不是 something. 因此 應選 B6. The Huang River is the second A. longB. longer C. longest解析：“定冠詞 the+ 序數(shù)詞 + 形容詞最高級7. The light in the

18、office wasn 'A. enough brightB. bright enough解析： enough 修飾名詞時可前可后，8. There was an accident at the corner. _ river in our country.D. the longest“表示“第幾大應選_for him to read.C.C. brightlyD. enough brightly修飾形容詞或副詞時， 要后置。應選 , the girl wasnA. luckily, badlyB. luck, hardly C. Lucky, heavily D. Lucky, st

19、rongly解析：第一空修飾全句需用副詞，第二空修飾形容詞 hurt 也要用副詞，9. You must keep your eyes when you do eye exercises.A. close B. openC. closed解析 : 此處需用形容詞做賓語補足語。10. Five days has passed , but I havenA. already B. still C. tooD., opened 應選 C.'t finished half of the work.D. yet 解析： already 與 yet 都可用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。 否認句。應選 D. 練習

20、與穩(wěn)固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！ 選擇最正確答案填空： Don' t worry, sir. I A. slowly enough'm sure I can runB.hurt.因此選 A.Already 常用于肯定句， 而 yet 常用與to catch up with them.B. enough slowly C. fast enough D. enough fast new words in it.2. The text is very easy for you. There areA. a few B. a little C. few D. little3. It &#

21、39; s such an film that all the students are in it.A. interesting; interested B. interested; interesting C. interesting; interesting D. interested;interested; interested4. Mingming got up very A. late; lately B. lately; late C. lately; lately5. I am worried about y parentsA. some times B. sometime C

22、. sometimes6. We don't have every day.A. a lot of school works B. many school work7. -Look! How fast the two horses are running! -Oh, yes! They are nearly .,so he came to school half an hourD. late; late' healthy conditions.D. some timesC. any school works D. much school workA. up and down B

23、. slower and slower C. more or less D. neck and neck8. children there are in family,their life will be.A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the better C. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer9. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting .A. more and more rich B. more rich and more rich C. richer and riche

24、r D. richer and richest10. Which lesson is , this one or that one?A. difficult B. much difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult11. “A accident happened at 7:30 a.ms.aid the policeman .A. serious, serious B. seriously, seriously C. seriously, serious D. serious, seriously12. is it from our s

25、chool to Lupu Bridge?A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How much13. In our city, it is in July, but it is even in August.A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter14. This pencil is that one.A. so long as B. as longer as C. longer than D. not as longest as15. The station is two

26、 kilometers the hospital.A. away to B. far away C. far from D. away from16. Beijing has many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours.A. so B. very C. too D. much17. This box is heavy I can't carry it.A. too, to B. so, that C. very, that D. too, that18. India has the second populati

27、on in the world.A. larger B. most C. smallest D. largest19. Mary received many postcards at Christmas.A. so B. such C. too D. even20. The cake smells . Please throw it away.A. good B. badly C. bad D. well21. - What was the weather like yesterday?- It was terrible. It rained so that people could go o

28、ut.A. hardly hard B. hardly hardly C. hard hardly D. hard hard22. The meeting will be held in half an hour, but they haven't got everything ready.A. ever B. already C. yet D. still scene23. - What about the English novel?- It's not very difficult. There are only new words in it.A. few B. a few C. many D. a little24. How beautiful she sings! I'