2020年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)外研版-----特殊句式

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上第六講特殊句式強(qiáng)調(diào)句與省略句全析考法單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2018·天津高考改編)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 解析：that句意：直到汽車停在了我們的房子前面的時(shí)候，我們才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is(was)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that其余部分”，本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。2(2017·天津高考改編)It was when I got back to my apartment _ I

2、first came across my new neighbors.解析：that句意：正是當(dāng)我回到公寓的時(shí)候，我第一次偶然遇見(jiàn)了我的新鄰居們。此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it's .that .，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。3(2016·天津高考改編)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.解析：that句意：你等錯(cuò)地方了。長(zhǎng)途客車是在賓館接游客。去掉it is和空格處后是一個(gè)完整的句子，因此本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，填that。謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則1強(qiáng)調(diào)句型(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)

3、構(gòu)：It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who句子其他部分。該句型可對(duì)句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人，且作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用who或that，其他情況下一律用that。It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通過(guò)傾聽(tīng)和相互理解，父母和孩子之間的問(wèn)題才可能被解決。特別注意強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意連接詞和謂語(yǔ)的一致性。It is our teacher who/that helps us m

4、ake great progress.正是我們的老師幫助我們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮倪M(jìn)步。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：Is/Wasit被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who句子其他部分？Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?他是在公園里遇到我們的新老師的嗎？(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問(wèn)詞is/wasitthat句子其他部分？When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么時(shí)候決定選修這門課程的？特別注意由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序。She

5、 doesn't know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是誰(shuí)救了她的兒子。(4)not . until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was not until . that句子其他部分。It was not until then that I realized the importance of health.直到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到了健康的重要性。2強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞It is/was .who/that .結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？捎弥鷦?dòng)詞do, does或did來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定的陳述句中，do還可以用于祈使句。She did

6、 tell me her address, but I forgot all about it.她確實(shí)告訴過(guò)我她的地址，但我全忘了。3狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若謂語(yǔ)部分含be動(dòng)詞，而主語(yǔ)又與主句的主語(yǔ)一致或從句主語(yǔ)是it時(shí)，狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)中的be動(dòng)詞可以一起省略。All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from the 19

7、50s.這本書里所有的照片，除非有說(shuō)明，否則，都追溯到20世紀(jì)50 年代。4動(dòng)詞不定式的省略在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后接不定式作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往將不定式符號(hào)to省略；在同一句話或同一情景對(duì)話中，當(dāng)同一動(dòng)作再次出現(xiàn)在后面的不定式位置上時(shí)，通常省略該動(dòng)作而保留不定式符號(hào)to。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司機(jī)想把車停靠在路邊，但是警察不允許他這樣做。5so/not構(gòu)成替代省略英語(yǔ)中還常常用so/not等來(lái)代替省略的肯定內(nèi)容或否定內(nèi)容，so/not

8、多跟在I'm afraid, I hope, I think, I guess, I believe等開(kāi)頭的答句中。Do you think it will rain？你認(rèn)為會(huì)下雨嗎？I hope so/not.我希望下/不下。6常用的if相關(guān)的省略結(jié)構(gòu)if ever如果曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的話if busy 如果忙的話if anything 如果有什么不同if possible 如果可能的話if so 如果這樣的話if not 如果不的話if necessary 如果必要的話倒裝與其他特殊句式全析考法單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1(2018·北京高考改編)In any unsafe sit

9、uation, simply_ (press) the button and a highly­trained agent will get you the help you need. 解析：press句意：在任何不安全的情況下，只要按一下這個(gè)按鈕，一個(gè)訓(xùn)練有素的代理人就會(huì)給你所需要的幫助。此題為“祈使句and陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，所以用動(dòng)詞原形。2(2017·江蘇高考改編)_ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.解析：Were句意：如

10、果沒(méi)有老師的支持，這名學(xué)生不可能克服她的困難。該句是省略if的虛擬條件句，if省略后需要將were提前構(gòu)成倒裝。3(2016·江蘇高考改編)Not until recently _(do) they encourage the development of tourist­related activities in the rural areas.解析：did句意：直到最近他們才鼓勵(lì)在農(nóng)村地區(qū)發(fā)展與旅游相關(guān)的項(xiàng)目。not until放在句首時(shí)句子要使用部分倒裝，此處指過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。4(2017·全國(guó)卷)The instructor kept

11、repeating the words. “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”_解析：TurningTurn最后一句為祈使句，并和上文中的“Speed up！”和“Slow down！”并列，故改為動(dòng)詞原形Turn。謹(jǐn)記規(guī)則(一)倒裝1部分倒裝(1)含有否定意義的副詞或連詞置于句首時(shí)引起部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這類詞(組)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely . when ., no sooner . than ., n

12、ot only . but also ., not until, nowhere, neither . nor . 等。Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.直到我失去工作我才意識(shí)到我應(yīng)該提高工作技能了。(2)“only狀語(yǔ)”置于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有當(dāng)你的心態(tài)平和時(shí)，你才能與別人保持良好的關(guān)系。(3)so

13、/such . that . 結(jié)構(gòu)中的so, such 連同它所修飾的成分共同位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的進(jìn)步以至于受到了表?yè)P(yáng)。(4)表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于后者時(shí)，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“so/neither/nor助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”(so表示肯定意義，neither/nor表示否定意義)。I saw the film Harry Potter last week; so did she.上周我看了哈利·波特這部電影，她也看了。(5)在as/thoug

14、h引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句的表語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞原形要位于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果位于句首的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，其前不加冠詞。Strange as it may sound, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.盡管這聽(tīng)起來(lái)很奇怪，但是如果你不滿意，問(wèn)題不是缺少滿足你的愿望的方法，而是你根本就沒(méi)有愿望。(6)在非真實(shí)條件句中，條件句中的if省略時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞had, were, should要提到主語(yǔ)前面。Should it rain

15、tomorrow, I would have to stay at home如果明天下雨，我不得不待在家里。(7)“may動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿時(shí)，通常將may置于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序。May you succeed.祝你成功。2全部倒裝(1)here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或方位的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首，且主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，句子用全部倒裝。John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.約

16、翰打開(kāi)門，一個(gè)他從來(lái)沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)的女孩站在那兒。South of the river lies a small factory.河的南面有一個(gè)小工廠。(2)有時(shí)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或突出、強(qiáng)調(diào)，將作表語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞或分詞提到句首，構(gòu)成“表語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests.出席晚會(huì)的有格林先生，還有許多其他的賓客。(二)感嘆句1What (a/an)形容詞名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！What beautiful flowers they are！多么美麗的花啊！2How形容詞a/an可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語(yǔ)謂

17、語(yǔ)！How clever a boy he is！What a clever boy he is!多聰明的男孩呀！3How形容詞/副詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)！How high the mountain is！這山真高呀！(三)祈使句祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑、邀請(qǐng)、勸告等。一般不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用原形；否定詞一律在動(dòng)詞前加don't。祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式是在句首加do。Do be careful while you are crossing the street.過(guò)馬路時(shí)一定要小心。Don't get close to that river.不要靠近那條河。(四)反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句由“陳

18、述句反問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成，若陳述句為肯定式，反意疑問(wèn)句為否定式，反之亦然。1陳述部分含有must的反意疑問(wèn)句(1)當(dāng)must作“必須”講時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)詞用needn't; 當(dāng)為mustn't (不允許，禁止)時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)詞用must。You must go now, needn't you？你現(xiàn)在必須走，不是嗎？You mustn't smoke here, must you?你不能在這里吸煙，是吧？(2)當(dāng)must表示推測(cè)，作“一定，準(zhǔn)是”講時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞形式要根據(jù)must后面的動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間來(lái)確定。You must have watched the fo

19、otball match last night, didn't you？你昨晚一定是看足球比賽了，是吧？2陳述部分含有used to時(shí)，疑問(wèn)詞用usedn't或didn't均可。You used to play football, usedn't/didn't you?你過(guò)去常常踢足球，是嗎？3陳述部分含有ought to時(shí)，疑問(wèn)詞用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。He ought to attend the meeting, oughtn't/shouldn't he?他應(yīng)該參加會(huì)議，不是嗎？4陳述部分含有否定

20、詞的反意疑問(wèn)句(1)當(dāng)陳述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分動(dòng)詞用肯定式。He could hardly get up, could he?他幾乎起不來(lái)了，不是嗎？(2)陳述部分含有由表示否定意義的前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的詞，反意疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞一般用否定式。Mary dislikes sports, doesn't she?瑪麗不喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，不是嗎？(3)陳述部分含有賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。He said that she would c

21、ome here on time, didn't he?他說(shuō)她會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)這里，不是嗎？特別注意當(dāng)主句是I think/believe/suppose等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)部分往往根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)而定，需特別注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移的現(xiàn)象中的肯定式和否定式。I don't think he will attend the meeting on time, will he?我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)參加會(huì)議，是嗎？(五)there be結(jié)構(gòu)1there be句型中的be可以有不同的時(shí)態(tài)，可以和助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。There have been many great changes in our co

22、untry since then.自從那時(shí)起我們國(guó)家就發(fā)生了巨大的變化。There must be a mistake somewhere.某個(gè)地方一定出錯(cuò)了。2there be句型中的be有時(shí)可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist等替換。There seems to be an announcement about the project.關(guān)于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目似乎有一個(gè)通知。There happened to be a man walking b

23、y.碰巧有一個(gè)人路過(guò)。3there be結(jié)構(gòu)的常用句式There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事沒(méi)有意義。There is no doubt about ./that . 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)沒(méi)有必要做某事。There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth./with sth.(做)某事(沒(méi))有困難/麻煩。There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that .(做)某事(沒(méi))有可能性。This doe

24、sn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.這并不意味著我們正變得比以前更聰明或是不如以前聰明，但是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，我們使用記憶力的方式正在發(fā)生變化。語(yǔ)法填空解題“2步驟”1注意分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定為何種特殊句式。2根據(jù)特殊句式的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。(1)看到倒裝句，要注意其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)；(2)看到there be句型要注意主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。1The parents didn't tol

25、erate their kids' rudeness at the party, nor did they allow themselves to be disobeyed. 2Absurd as/though it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.3On the top of the hill stands (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.4But the fighting scenes alone don&#

26、39;t explain the movie's success it's also the patriotism (愛(ài)國(guó)主義) and spirit of the film projects that have deeply impressed Chinese audiences.5. The police were seeking more information to find out who it was that killed the rich merchant.6Who should be responsible for the action? The boss i

27、s to blame. The employees just carried out the order as told (tell). 7When exposed (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious.8We don't believe that the news is true, is (be) it?短文改錯(cuò)解題“1關(guān)注”“1關(guān)注”就是指關(guān)注各特殊句式的特點(diǎn)：(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型由“It is/was . that/who”構(gòu)成，刪

28、掉后不影響句子的完整；(2)倒裝句分部分倒裝和完全倒裝；(3)省略句?？紶钫Z(yǔ)從句與不定式中的省略；(4)感嘆句需注意其兩個(gè)感嘆詞“how”與“what”；(5)there be句型中應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注主謂一致性。1I try not to show the passers­by what scared I really am, but it's not possible. whathow2How a wonderful time I'll have during the winter holiday！HowWhat3It is one's inner beauty m

29、atters.beauty后加that4Only then I start to appreciate the importance of developing a good habit.I前加did5When we heard the exciting news, there was silence all over the hall at first. Then come voices of ecame6Hard although he tried, he was unable to make much progress.althoughthough/as7. Stopping criti

30、cizing your children like this, or they will refuse to tell you their true feelings.StoppingStop8So loudly he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. loudly后加did9I received his mother's telephone call at eleven.It was then when I knew that he was badly hurt in a traffic accident

31、yesterday.whenthat10Such knowledge is still useful when applying to similar situations in other countries.applyingapplied .語(yǔ)法填空Chengdu is largely considered as a city of leisure. It was the slow­paced lifestyle _1_ put the city on the list of the 21 must­go travel spots of 2017 in the trav

32、el magazine National Geographic.One of the greatest pleasures in Chengdu is _2_ (it) food, which is famous _3_ the use of Sichuan peppercorn. Nothing is more important to Chengdu people than food. They enjoy _4_ (search) out small restaurants in out­of­the­way _5_ (place) that may jus

33、t specialize in a couple of dishes. Chengdu has the _6_ (high) density of restaurants in the world. No wonder it _7_ (become) the fast Asian city named as a City of Gastronomy (美食) by UNESCO in 2010.Another important part of local daily life is the city's teahouse. The teahouses, _8_ (find) all

34、over Chengdu, are much more than just a place to drink tea. They are places to do business, meet with friends, show off pet birds, listen to Sichuan Opera, and most _9_ (important), play mahjong. As a local saying goes，“If you cannot find someone, he or she is either playing mahjong _10_ on the way to play mahjong.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)休閑城市成都，其生活節(jié)奏比較緩慢，有許多地方特色美食以及遍布全城的各式茶館。1that考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。所填詞與句首的It was構(gòu)成Is/was .