賓語從句精題講解

1、語法賓語從句講解在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。1.語序是指特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用陳述句語序 1Tom asked what had happened .2.The doctor ask whats wrong with you ! / whats the matter /trouble with you .3.Which do you think is the most important invention ? （ 插入語 ）4.Where do you think the meeting will be held ?2.時態(tài)是指賓語從句的主句時態(tài)分為兩種時態(tài) 含賓語從句的復(fù)合句

2、，主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點內(nèi)容： 1）如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時態(tài)。如： I don't know when he will come back我不知道他將何時回來。 He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。 2）如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過去時態(tài)即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如： The children didn't know who he was孩子們不知道他是

3、誰。 He asked his father how it happened他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。 3）如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動作等，不管主句用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。：The teacher said the sun rises from the east and sets in the west . The teacher said the light runs faster than the sound .

4、The teacher said Japan is in the east of Asia . 3要素是指：時態(tài)，語序，引導(dǎo)詞4.類型是指：A：由that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。B：由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 C： 由if whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。D：由情感形容詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。（其中介詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句包含其中）常用的情感形容詞有：sure,本afraid ,glad ,pleased ,happy ,worried ,sad ,sorry 連接詞 1）當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如： He said that he could fini

5、sh his work before supper他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。 2）當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如： I don't know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。 但在下列情況下只能用whether： 在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連用時，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如： Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me

6、 know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來。 I don't know whether if he does any washing or not（I don't know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我們是去還是留。 在介詞之后用whether。如： I'm interested in whether he likes English我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。 We'

7、;re thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。 在不定式前用whether。如： He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。 I don't know whether to go我不知去否。 He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by tr

8、ain他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。 whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如： Whether this is true or not，I can't say這是否真的我說不上來。 引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如： Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能來還是個問題。 The question is whether we can catch the bus問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。 若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。如： Please let me know if you like

9、the book可理解為： aPlease let me know whether you like the book請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。 bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。 3）如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如： Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告訴我今天早上你為什么遲到嗎？另外四注意A：賓語從句描述客觀事實或客觀真理時，從句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時。B.兩面性：引導(dǎo)詞if when 具有兩面

10、性If 既可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句。When 既可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句。C.否定前移由動詞suppose, guess,believe, think , 和形容詞sure 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中出現(xiàn)否定時，否定形式要進行前移，形式上時否定了主句，實際上是否定了賓語從句。 注意反意疑問句的變化規(guī)則：附加問句的主語與陳述句的主語一致（ 陳述句變成一般疑問句時，主語則要相應(yīng)的發(fā)生變化! ）I dont think the answer is right , _? He doesn't think the answer is right , _? You dont

11、think the answer is right , _? I think the answer is right . _?D.if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，分別意為“是否”和“何時”，其時態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，意思分別為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)時候”，當(dāng)主句時態(tài)是一般將來時時，其時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進行綜合考查。如： Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么時候回來嗎？ So

12、rry，I don't knowWhen he comes back，I'll tell you對不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來了，我將告訴你。 I don't know if he will come我不知道他是否會來。 He will come if it doesn't rain如果不下雨，他會來的語法延伸賓語從句與不定式看似獨立,實際上,帶疑問句的動詞不定式還可以與賓語從句相互轉(zhuǎn)換.please tell me where to show our tickets.- please tell me where we should show our tickets.

13、Could you tell me how I can get to the post office?- Could you tell me how to get to the post office?1.當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,且主句的謂語動詞是decide, hope, wish.等時,可以將賓語從句中的主語去掉,將謂語動詞該為”to +動詞原形”(有助動詞的,一并去掉),變?yōu)椤币蓡栐~+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu).例如:They cant decide when they should leave the school.-they cant decide when to leave the

14、school2.當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是ask, show,tell, teach, 賓語的主語的間接賓語一致,而且引導(dǎo)該從句的詞是which, what, how, where 等時,賓語從句可與”疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)相互轉(zhuǎn)換.Please tell me what I should do first. -Please tell me what to do first.考點精析從歷年中考題看，賓語從句的主要考查以引導(dǎo)詞，語序，主從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)為主?，F(xiàn)結(jié)合中考題，分析歸納如下：一          &#

15、160;               考查“引導(dǎo)詞”當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時，用連詞that 引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，?？梢允÷裕纾?Miss Liu said _ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk. A.that B.where C.which D.what(2001鹽城)當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時,用連詞if 或whether引導(dǎo),例如:2I dont know _he sti

16、ll lives there.A.where B. what C. when D.whether (2002遼寧省) 3.In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (2002北京東城區(qū))A.that B.how C.what D.if規(guī)律提示:當(dāng)if和whether(表示“是否”)引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，應(yīng)注意以下幾種情況：a.介詞之后的賓語從句，只能用whether連接，而不用if。b.賓語從句中的whether與or not直接連用時，就不能換成if。c

17、.動詞不定式之前，只能用whether。d.賓語從句是否定句時，只能用if，不用whether。當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時,就用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo),例如:4. Can you tell me _she is waiting for?A.why B. whose C. whom D. which (2002天津市)5.Be careful! Don't break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said, Jim?Yes, mum. (2002陜西)A.what B.that C.why D.if6 I don't know _ Mr Green will

18、come to see us.He will help us with our English.(2002杭州)A.why B.when C.how D.where7.Do you know _Miss Gao will leave?Tomorrow morning.(2000濟南）A.when B.what C.who D.where技巧點撥:解以上這類題目時，可采用逆推法，即根據(jù)答語來選擇疑問詞。如第7道題，根據(jù)答語Tomorrow morning可知對其提問應(yīng)用when。二.考查”語序”通常情況下賓語從句的語序用陳述句語序,即:主語+謂語.但有時連接代詞可在賓語從句中做主語,定語或表語;

19、連接副詞可作狀語等,于是就出現(xiàn)了以下幾種情況:一.連接代詞做主語:”連接代詞+謂語+其他”,常見的連接代詞有:who, what , which 等,例如:.8. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning.A.what the matter B. what is wrong C. what was the matter D. what wrong was(2002重慶市)9.Could you tell me _? (2001西寧)A.where is the post officeB.who knows the answerC.wh

20、at are they doingD.when does the shop open二.連接代詞作賓語,表語或連接副詞作狀語: “連接代詞或連接副詞+主語+謂語+其他”.常見的連接代詞有:what, which, whom 等,連接副詞有where, why, how, how far, how long , how soon, how often 等,例如:10.Could you tell me _?A. where does Li Lei work B. where did LiLei work C. where LiLei works D. where LiLei worked (20

21、01福州市)11. I dont know_ at that moment. A. how far is it B. what he is doing C. when did she go D. where you went(2001青海) 12.Do you know _ from Wuhan to Xian?A. how far it is B. how far it is C. how long it is D.how long is it(2001山西省)13.I don't know _. (1999鹽城)A.which room I can liveB.which room

22、 can I liveC.which room I can live inD.which room can I live in常見誤區(qū):如果連接詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)不及物動詞后介詞的賓語，并被放到從句句首時，不及物動詞后的介詞不能少。(一)                 連接代詞作定語: “連接代詞+名詞+主語+謂語+其他”.常見的連接代詞有:what, which, whose 等,例如:14.I hear well have a n

23、ew teacher this term.Really? Do you know_?A. what subject does he teach B. What subject will he teach?C.what subject is he going to teach D. What subject he teaches(2001金華市)15.Could you tell me _?A. which bus are they waiting for B.theyre waiting for which bus C. which bus they are waiting D. which

24、bus they are waiting for (2002濰坊市)注:該考點是中考中最易受“思維定勢”影響的題目。當(dāng)連接詞在從句中作賓語的定語時，其語序為“連接詞+賓語+主語+謂語+其他”。常見的連接詞有：what, which等。三.考查 “時態(tài)呼應(yīng)” (一) 主句的謂語動詞是”現(xiàn)在時態(tài)”時,從句的謂語動詞可根據(jù)實際需要,用不同的時態(tài)16.I cant understand _the boy alone.A.why she leftB. why did she leave C. why had she left D. why she had left (2001南京市)17.Do you

25、know _? I'm going to see him.Sorry, I don't know. (2002北京海淀區(qū))A.where does Mr Li liveB.where did Mr Li liveC.where Mr Li livesD.where Mr Li lived(二)當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是”過去時態(tài)時, 從句的謂語動詞要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài),例如:18.she didnt tell me what _.A. is her nameB. her name was C. was her named. D.her name is (2001哈爾濱市)19. He a

26、sked me _. (2002濟南)A.who did kick the first goal in the World Cup B.when was the APEC meeting heldC.when China became a member of the WTO D.where the 2008 Olympics will be held(三)當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是”客觀真理自然規(guī)律時,不管主句的時態(tài)如何,從句則一律為一般現(xiàn)在時,例如:20. When I was young, my grandfather told me that the moon _ around the eart

27、h. (1999南通)A.goesB.to goC.wentD.had gone21. The teacher told us that light_ much faster than sound.A. travals B. travalled C. was D.will be (2001貴陽市) (四). if和when 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的時態(tài)問題當(dāng)if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,當(dāng)”是否”和 “何時”講時,它們的時態(tài)應(yīng)與主句相呼應(yīng).但當(dāng)if和when引導(dǎo)條件狀語和時間狀語從句時,當(dāng)”如果”和”當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”講,主句是一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來,例如：22. I dont know if it _ tomorrow, If it _, Ill not go fishing.A.rains:rainsB. Rains: will rainC. will rain: rains D. will rain; will rain 23.Do you know when he _ back? Sorry, I don't. When he _ back, I'll tell you. A.comes；comes B.comes；will comeC.will come；comes D.will come；