主謂一致的基本原則

1、主謂一致的基本原則主謂一致有以下三條原則：1)語(yǔ)法一致原則，即在語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致。例如，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The students are very youngThis picture looks beautiful2)意義一致原則，即從意義著眼處理一致關(guān)系。例如，主語(yǔ)形式雖是單數(shù)但意義是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式；而有些主語(yǔ)形式雖是復(fù)數(shù)但意義上看作單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式。1.The people in that country are fighting for independence2.The crowd dee

2、ply respect their leader  3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time3)就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。例如：Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busyEither .or2主謂一致的用法根據(jù)以上三條原則，主謂一致有如下用法：1)下列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式a表示時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如：1.Two hundred miles is

3、a long distance2.Ten dollars is a high price for that bookb由anyone，anything，anybody，no one，nothing，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，each，either，neither等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式。例如：1.Someone is knocking at the door2.Anything is better than going to the movie tonightc由“a series of，a kind of，a

4、portion of +名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。例如：A series of debates is scheduled to be held next weekd由“many a，more than one +單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，盡管意義上表示復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍采用單數(shù)形式。例如：Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long breakThere is more than one answer to your questione“名詞+and+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，表示同一人、同一概念或事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：A

5、 writer and educator is giving a lecture now(這個(gè)人既是作家又是教育家)A writer and a educatorf"either (neither) + of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)"作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：1.If either of you takes a vacation now，we will not be able to finish the work2.Neither of them wants to comeg在eachand each，everyand every等結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：

6、Each man and each woman has the right to voteh動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或分句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：What I want to say is none of your businessListening to the classical music is enjoyablei以-ics結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞指一門學(xué)科時(shí)，如politics(政治學(xué))，mathematics(數(shù)學(xué))，statistics(統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué))，acoustics(聲學(xué))，linguistics(語(yǔ)言學(xué))等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Mathematics is what he

7、 majors in2)下列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of后的名詞。(意義一致)a由“a11，none，no，most，half，the last，the rest，the remainder+of+名詞”等不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式由of后名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：None of the food is wastedNone of the students were absentThe rest of the lecture was dullThe rest of the bikes were on sale yesterdayb由"lots of，heaps of

8、，loads Of，scads of +名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式由of后名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：Lots of work is to be done this week.Lots of people are going to swim this afternoonThere is loads of milk on the farmThere are loads of big red apples on the groundThere is heaps of func由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)十of +名詞或代詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of后名詞或代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Three-q

9、uarters of the area is cultivated.Ninety percent of the students have passed the exam3)下列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式根據(jù)意義而定。a由“the+形容詞” 這種結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果表示一類人 (如the rich，the poor，the blind，the deaf，the sick，the young，the old)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果表示個(gè)人或抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：The blind are taught trades in speci

10、al schools  (表示一類人)The good in him overweighs the bad  (表示抽象概念)The departed was a good friend of his  (表示個(gè)人)bfamily，crowd，committee，class，audience，group，government，team，public，majority，minority等集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)根據(jù)意義而定。例如：The family like to listen to the music(the family指這家人，用作復(fù)數(shù))The

11、family is small(the family指這個(gè)家庭，用作單數(shù))The committee has considered your proposal(the committee指委員會(huì)，用作單數(shù))The committee were arguing for an hour before they gave their votes  (the committee指委員會(huì)的委員們，用作復(fù)數(shù))下列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般單復(fù)數(shù)均可。a. 以數(shù)詞為名詞詞組中心詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般單復(fù)數(shù)均可。例如：Five and six makemakes elevenSeven times

12、ten are seventy但是：Twenty from thirty leaves ten      Six sevens are forty-two.b由"one inout of +名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可。例如：One in ten werewas present下列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。由and或bothand連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)形式的名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：A girl and a boy want to goBoth rice and wheat are grown in that countr

13、y6)下列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式視具體情況而定。a由as well as，together with，besides, like，along with，with but，except，accompanied by，rather than，including連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)由連接詞前的名詞而定。例如：The president of the college，together with the deans，is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulationsThe youn

14、g mother with her two children is coming nowThe plant manager，like many technicians，is experienced in designing new productsb“名詞+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式跟of前的名詞一致。例如：The picture of the children孩子的照片 brings back many memories of my past experiencesThe effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be ex

15、tremely harmfulc由not onlybut also，eitheror，neithernor或or連接的并列主語(yǔ)，通常根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由最接近它的名詞詞組的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。例如：He or you have taken my penNeither the students nor the teacher knows anything about itOne or two days are enough to visit the city.dthere be句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般取決于其后的真正主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：There is a garden

16、 in front of the houseThere are two things I'd like to say here7)關(guān)于幾對(duì)容易混淆詞組的一致用法a由"thisthat kindtype of +名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；而由"thesethose kindtype of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：1.This kind of apples is highly priced這種2.Those kind(s) of tests are good 那些b由“a number of，a total of，an avera

17、ge of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由“the number of，the total of，the average of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：A number of students are waiting for the busThe number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.cone of，the (only) one of的一致用法This is one of the books that have been recommendedThis is the (on

18、ly) one of the books that has been recommended3前后呼應(yīng)的用法1)當(dāng)everyone，everybody，no one，nobody，anyone，anybody，someone，somebody，everything，anything，something，nothing等用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其相應(yīng)的代詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：If anybody calls，tell him that I'm outSomething strange happened，didn't it?Every passenger has to carry his o

19、wn luggage2)人稱代詞與名詞的呼應(yīng)：人稱代詞I (me)，he (him)，she (her)，it (it)都是代替前面的單數(shù)名詞，而they (them)，we (us)則是代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞的，you既可以代表單數(shù)，也可以代表復(fù)數(shù)。但表示泛指的時(shí)候，用he或one來(lái)表示。例如：If a young person enters a classical music field only for money，he is in the wrong professionThe leaves of the red maple are highly poisonous to horses and

20、when ingested can kill them within fifteen hours。3)物主代詞與名詞的呼應(yīng)：my，our，his，her，its，their要與代替的名詞在數(shù)上一致。例如：The welfare department，as well as the other social services，will have its budget cutDelphins are warm-blooded；that is，their body temperature always stays about the same，regardless of the surrounding

21、s4)反身代詞與其所代成分間的呼應(yīng)。Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.Everybody clings to this illusion about himselfI have just been out to get myself a cup of tea5)指示代詞與所代名詞間的呼應(yīng)：this和that指代單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，these和those指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞 (those還可以用作先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，表示“那些人”)。例如：She invited