定語(yǔ)從句典型錯(cuò)誤例析

1、定語(yǔ)從句典型錯(cuò)誤例析 1.   我給他看了我上周在杭州的照片?！菊`】 I showed him the photos I took them in Hangzhou last week.【正】 I showed him the photos I took in Hangzhou last week.【析】 關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞既代替先行詞，又在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。例句為省略了關(guān)系代詞（that/which）的定語(yǔ)從句，that/which 指代 the photos，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng) took的賓語(yǔ)，故them多余，應(yīng)去掉。 2. 

2、0; 那個(gè)正在修理汽車(chē)的人是我的叔叔?！菊`】 The man is mending the car is my uncle.【正】 The man who/that is mending the car is my uncle.【析】 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，只有作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)才能省略that。本句還可以譯為T(mén)he man mending the car is my uncle.（-ing形式短語(yǔ)mending the car作the man的后置定語(yǔ)。） 3.  這只風(fēng)箏是你父親昨天為你扎的嗎？【誤】 Is this kite your fa

3、ther made for you yesterday?【正】 Is this kite the one (that) your father made for you yesterday?【析】 若把this看作kite的修飾語(yǔ)，短語(yǔ)this kite為主句的主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)我們可以看出主句中缺少表語(yǔ)，即定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，所以應(yīng)該加上代詞the one。如果我們把this看作代詞，作句子的主語(yǔ)，那么kite應(yīng)該為句子的表語(yǔ)，則可以看出先行詞kite前缺少定冠詞the。故本句還可改為：Is this the kite (that/which) your father made for you yes

4、terday?4.  她告訴我的就這些。【誤】 This is all which she told me.【正】 This is all (that) she told me.【析】 當(dāng)先行詞為all, none, one, any, few, little, everything, anything, nothing等或先行詞前有序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。另外，本句還可以譯為T(mén)his is what she told me. 不過(guò)此時(shí) what引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句，而不是定語(yǔ)從句。5.  這是我們明天要討論的問(wèn)題?！菊`】 Thi

5、s is the problem about that well talk tomorrow.【正】 This is the problem about which well talk tomorrow.【正】 This is the problem (that/which) well talk about tomorrow.【析】 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用whom；指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用which。另外，有些固定短語(yǔ)如look after, listen to 等，一般也不能將介詞提到關(guān)系代詞之前。6.   他是今天早晨遲到的學(xué)生之

6、一。【誤】 He was one of the students who was late this morning.【正】 He was one of the students who were late this morning.【析】 在 “one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)；在 “the only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是one，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。如：She is the only one of the students in our class who has ever been to Beijing. 她是我

7、們班唯一去過(guò)北京的學(xué)生。7.  我還記得我在北京度過(guò)的日子?！菊`】 I still remember the days when I spent in Beijing.【正】 I still remember the days (which/that) I spent in Beijing.【析】 定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選擇關(guān)鍵詞是看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么樣的成分，或者說(shuō)定語(yǔ)從句中缺少什么成分。如果從句缺少主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，則引導(dǎo)詞通常為which, that, who, whom, as；如果缺少定語(yǔ)則用關(guān)系代詞whose；如果缺少狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞when, where

8、, why. 分析例句的成分可以知道，從句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which 或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。若把例句變?yōu)椋?I still remember the days _ I enjoyed myself in Beijing。則定語(yǔ)從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故此時(shí)應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞 when。8.  昨晚送你回家的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？【誤】  Who is the man who sent you home last night?【正】  Who is the man that sent you home last night?【析】 當(dāng)主句為含有who/

9、which的疑問(wèn)句，關(guān)系代詞用that，而不用who或which。如：Which is the book that you bought yesterday? 哪本書(shū)是你昨天買(mǎi)的？ 9.  他們談了許多他們所知道的人和事?！菊`】  They talked about a lot of things and persons what/who/which they knew.【正】  They talked about a lot of things and persons that they knew.【析】 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)應(yīng)該用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。Wh

10、at不可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。10.  我的家鄉(xiāng)已不再是十年前的樣子?！菊`】 My hometown is no longer the town which it used to be ten years ago.【正】 My hometown is no longer the town (that) it used to be ten years ago.【析】 當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞一般只能用that。另外，先行詞是there be 中的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞也常用that，口語(yǔ)中這兩中情況的關(guān)系代詞that也可以省略。如： There is a park (that) we

11、 often visit on Sundays.由于定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法比較復(fù)雜，初學(xué)者在使用時(shí)往往容易犯一些錯(cuò)誤，最常見(jiàn)的有如下五種：一、在定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的定語(yǔ)。1誤：Some of the boys I invited them didnt come 正：Some of the boys I invited didnt come 譯：我邀請(qǐng)的男孩中有幾個(gè)沒(méi)有來(lái)。 析：應(yīng)刪去them，因?yàn)閺木涞馁e語(yǔ)是省略了的whom， who或that。 2誤：The book that you need it is in the library 正：The book that you need is

12、in the library 譯：你需要的書(shū)在圖書(shū)館里。 析：應(yīng)刪去it，因?yàn)閺木涞馁e語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞that。 二、把定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)弄錯(cuò)。1誤：Anyone who break the law will be punished 正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished 譯：任何違犯法律的人將被處罰。 析：應(yīng)改break為breaks，因?yàn)閣ho指anyone，是單數(shù)。 2誤：Those who has finished may go home 正：Those who have finished may go home 譯：做完了的人現(xiàn)在

13、可以回家。 析：應(yīng)改has為have，因?yàn)閣ho指those，是復(fù)數(shù)。 3誤：He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school 正：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school 譯：他是我們學(xué)校中唯一懂法語(yǔ)的人。 析：應(yīng)改know為knows，因?yàn)閛ne前有the only之類(lèi)限定詞，定語(yǔ)從句在意義上修飾的是the only one，是單數(shù)，而不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞the teachers。 4誤：This is one of the ro

14、oms that is free now 正：This is one of the rooms that are free now 譯：這是目前空著的房間之一。 析：應(yīng)改is為are，因?yàn)閛ne前沒(méi)有the only之類(lèi)的限定詞，定語(yǔ)從句在意義上修飾的是名詞復(fù)數(shù)the rooms，而不是單數(shù)one。 三、誤省略了定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。1誤：Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 正：Children who？that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 譯：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齒不好。 析

15、：應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞who或that，因?yàn)閺木渖僦髡Z(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)不能省略。 2誤：The key opens the bike is missing 正：The key thatwhich opens the bike is missing 譯：開(kāi)這輛自行車(chē)的鑰匙不見(jiàn)了。 析：應(yīng)加上關(guān)系代詞that或which，因?yàn)閺木渖僦髡Z(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)不能省略。 四、定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的關(guān)系副詞或介詞。1誤：The house where he lives in needs repairing 正：The house where he lives needs repairing 或：The house he lives

16、 in needs repairing 譯：他住的房子需要修理。 析：應(yīng)保留where，刪去從句中的in，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，in屬多余。或刪去關(guān)系副詞where，因?yàn)閣here在這里的意思是in which，否則介詞in就重復(fù)了。 2誤：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing 正：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing 或：I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing 譯：我仍記得我第一次來(lái)到北京那天的情景。 析：應(yīng)刪去on，因?yàn)閣hen在這里的意思是on which，否則介詞on就重復(fù)了，或把when改為which。五、在作先行詞的時(shí)間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞后錯(cuò)用了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。 1誤：I still remember the day when we spent together 正：I still remember the day thatwhich we