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1、23個(gè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞(如to date)當(dāng)然ever, never, just (方才/剛剛),already (已經(jīng)),yet (到目前 為止),today, this morning/week/year也是可以使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),并非是大 多數(shù)原則。出現(xiàn)以下的詞匯,通常使用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。1)ever since, since, since then3 個(gè)2)by now, so far, t訂1/until now, up to now5 個(gè)3)before, lately, recently3 個(gè)4)in recent years; in the past2 個(gè)5)in/for/o

2、ver/during the last/past + 時(shí)間段2 個(gè)6)This/That/It is +最高級結(jié)構(gòu)(that) +從句用現(xiàn)完一一1個(gè)7)This/That/It is the first/second time (that) + 從句用現(xiàn)完1 個(gè)8)This/That/It is the only - (that) + 從句用現(xiàn)完1 個(gè)9)不很常見的 up to the present, to date, thus far3 個(gè)10)不很常見的long ago, from2個(gè)以上的劃分是為了講解記憶的方便而已。since, since, since then3 個(gè)ever si

3、nce, since中的since可以是副詞,也可以是介詞、連詞; since then為介詞+名詞(或副詞)結(jié)構(gòu)朗文英語語法第309頁與since和for連用的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) since和for常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,表示直到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)段。 since (+時(shí)點(diǎn))可用作:(since連詞:Tom hasn' t been home since he was a boy.湯姆從小就不在家了。 since副詞:I saw Fiona in May and I haven * t seen her since我5月份見過菲奧娜,此后我就沒有再見過她了。since介詞:r ve lived here

4、since 1980.自1980年起我就住在這兒。since用作連詞時(shí),后面可跟一般過去時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):I retired in 1980 and came to live here I ve lived here since I retired 我于1980年退休后就搬到這里。我自退休后就一直住在這兒。(即我調(diào)休的時(shí)點(diǎn):1980年)I have lived here for several years now and I' ve made many new friends since I have lived here我已在這里住了好多年。從我在這里住下到現(xiàn)在,我已交了許多新朋友。(

5、即一 直到現(xiàn)在)now, so far, till/until now, up to now5 個(gè)這兒個(gè)是“到現(xiàn)在為止/到目前為主/迄今(為止)”,常使用現(xiàn)完一一中考考點(diǎn)。 高階英語語法(增補(bǔ)本 杜永文編著)笫295頁0433If he sent the letter to me last Wednesday, why have not I received it by now如果上個(gè)星期三他把信寄給我了,為什么到現(xiàn)在我還不曾收到麥克米倫高階英漢雙解詞典第1420頁now詞條The meeting should have finished by now.會議現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。劍橋高階英漢雙解

6、詞典笫785頁far詞條so far: until now迄今為止;到目前為止So far we' ve made thirty-two thousand pounds.到目前為止,我們已經(jīng)賺了 32 000英鎊。麥克米倫高階英漢雙解詞典笫738頁far詞條so far: until now 迄今為止So far we have restricted our attention to the local area. 迄今為止,我們都把注意力局限在當(dāng)?shù)亍{溈嗣讉惛唠A英漢雙解詞典笫1420頁now詞條up to now/ until nowUntil now, we* ve had ver

7、y mild weather this winter. 我們今年冬天的天氣一直到現(xiàn)在都比較暖和。COBUILD英漢雙解詞典第2155頁up詞條Up to now they* ve had very little say. 一直到現(xiàn)在他們還很少有發(fā)言權(quán)。 (now), lately, recently3 個(gè)before必須是副詞詞性,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“從現(xiàn)在開始追溯到過去的一段時(shí)間”,使 用現(xiàn)完;recently與lately相近,含義有兩個(gè)"最近的/近來的,不久前的”,因此前 者的含義大多使用現(xiàn)完結(jié)構(gòu),后者的含義使用一般過去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。朗文英語語法笫308頁hasn* t appeared on

8、 TV before now.奧爾加在此 以前沒有上過電視。韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典第176頁before詞條before: adv. at an earlier time 以詢; 過去Haven' t we met before我們以前沒見過We haven * t had these problems before.我們以前從未碰倒過這些問題。英語詞匯用法手冊(L. G.亞歷山大編著)第159頁late, lately詞條We haven * t seen you lately.最近我們一直沒見過你。(lately =近來) 朗文當(dāng)代高級英語辭典第五版第2394頁smile詞條I ha

9、ven * t had much to smile about lately.近來我沒什么開心的事情。葛傳桀英語慣用法詞典第475頁recently詞條5.recently可與修飾屬于完成時(shí)態(tài)或過去時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。例如:I (have) heard from him recently.COBUILD柯林斯 英漢雙解詞典辛克萊著第1612頁recently詞條I haven * t heard from her recently.近來我沒有接到她的信。recent years; in the past2 個(gè)上海高考英語2015年考查過in recent years這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu);in the past可以

10、使用過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等結(jié)構(gòu)新概念英語第二冊第58課A blessing in disguise是因禍得福嗎The tree was planted near a church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent yearsthat it has gained an evil reputation.后半句事實(shí)上是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,可理解that it has gained an evil reputation only in recent years.這里把recent對應(yīng)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)源于此。麥克米倫高階英漢雙解詞典第1059頁in詞條44c: with

11、in a period of time 在(一段時(shí)間)之內(nèi):Unemployment has risen by over 15% in the past year失業(yè)率在去年一年內(nèi)上升了 15%以上。現(xiàn)代英語用法詞典(修訂版 張道真主編)第1059頁past詞條In the past I have had many jobs(DCE)In the past trains were pulled by steam-engines(OSD)for/over/during the last/past + 時(shí)間段2 個(gè)這個(gè)大結(jié)構(gòu)大多使用現(xiàn)完,高考英語考查兩處:介詞(與現(xiàn)完的搭配);現(xiàn)完(與介詞結(jié)構(gòu)的搭

12、配)That/It is +最高級結(jié)構(gòu)(that) +從句用現(xiàn)完1個(gè)事實(shí)上,實(shí)際應(yīng)用中未見得完全如此,但考試還是一個(gè)要求。朗文英語語法第 308 頁 the most interesting book I' ve ever read.這 是我讀過的最有意識的書。牛津英語用法指南(第三版)第920頁It' s one of the most interesting books I' ve ever read.這是我看過的最有意識的書中的一本。朗文英語語法第40頁It * s the silliest argument (that) I * ve ever heard.這是

13、我聽說過的最 愚蠢的論點(diǎn)。Bach* s the greatest composer thas (or who* s) ever lived.巴赫是曾 有過的最偉大的作曲家。朗文英語語法第219頁我們也可以在最高級之后用一關(guān)系從句。這種從句經(jīng)常伴隨著帶有ever heard, met, read, seen等詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):4War and Peace* is the longest book (that) I have ever read.戰(zhàn)爭與和平是我所看過的書中最長的一部。Penfold is the most conceited man (that/whom) I have ever

14、met.彭福爾德是我所遇到的人中最自負(fù)的一個(gè)。It/That is the first/second* time (that) + 從句用現(xiàn)完1 個(gè)該條目算是硬性的規(guī)定。牛津英語語法:即學(xué)即練第30頁在 It' s/This is the first/second time 之后,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。This is the first time we * ve been to Scotland, so it' s all new to us.This is the second time Rachel has forgotten to give me a message.I love

15、 this film. I think it' s the fourth time I' ve seen it.牛津英語用法指南(第三版)第920頁This is the first that I * ve heard her sing.這是我第一次聽見她唱歌。That/It is the only* (that) + 從句用現(xiàn)完1 個(gè)本條目屬于語法結(jié)構(gòu)上的規(guī)定。牛津英語用法指南(第三版)第920頁在以 this/it/that is the first/second/third/only/best/worst 等構(gòu)建的句 子里,要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。朗文英語語法第42頁關(guān)系從句之所

16、指:一個(gè)句子可以包括一個(gè)以上的關(guān)系詞:It' s the only building (which) I ve ever seen which is made entirely of glass這是我所見過的唯一的一座全部用玻璃造的建筑物。(第一個(gè)Which 一般可以省 略。)9不很常見的 up to the present, to date, thus far3 個(gè)相當(dāng)于by now, so far結(jié)構(gòu),只是LI詢的教科書、語法書講解得不多而已。韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典第1633頁present詞條I have worked here from 2000 to the present我自

17、2000年到現(xiàn)在一直在這兒工作。韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典第2310頁up詞條Up to this point, we have been discussing our long-term goals直到現(xiàn)在為止,我們一直在談?wù)撐覀兊拈L期目標(biāo)。Up to (= until) that time they had been fairly successful 他們一直相 當(dāng)成功。韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典第536頁date詞條to date: up to now; until the present time 迄今為止We' ve received no complaints to date. (=

18、 yet)迄今為止,我們沒有接到 任何投訴。To date, most of their work has been preparatory.迄今為止,他們做的工作大多是籌備方面的。韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典第767頁far詞條thus far: until the present time: so far 到目前為止Thus far the results have been disappointing.到目前為止結(jié)果令人失望。10.不很常見的long ago, from2個(gè)long陶。屬于常見的(違反含義與語法的結(jié)構(gòu),但事實(shí)上是屬于)固定搭配; from例句不多,但也可見到from (介詞)與現(xiàn)完搭配的實(shí)例一一并非重要考 點(diǎn)。韋氏高階英漢雙解詞典第1238頁long詞條 long since很久以前 questions that have long since been answered (= questions that were answered long ago) 早已回答過的問題an animal that has long since disappeared from this region這一地區(qū)絕跡已久的一種動(dòng)物COBUILD英漢雙解詞典第1818頁since詞條long since早就The time for talking has lo

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