論茶文化與咖啡文化的差異

1、畢業(yè)論文An Analysis On the Differences Between Chinese Tea Culture and Western Coffee Culture方 亮吉林建筑工程學(xué)院外國(guó)語學(xué)院2011年06月08日畢業(yè)論文AN ANALYSIS ON THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHINESE TEA CULTURE AND WESTERN COFFEE CULTURE學(xué) 生：方 亮指導(dǎo)教師：吳 微 專 業(yè)：英 語所在單位：外國(guó)語學(xué)院答辯日期：2011年06月15日CONTENTSABSTRACT摘 要I. INTRODUCTION1II. DESCRIP

2、TION OF TEA CULTURE AND COFFEE CULTURE22.1 The Origins of Tea and Coffee22.2 The Classifications of Tea and Coffee32.3 The Definitions of Tea Culture and Coffee Culture42.3.1 Tea Culture42.3.2 Coffee Culture5III. ANALYSIS ON THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHINESE TEA CULTURE AND WESTERN COFFEE CULTURE63.1

3、Differences in Broadcasting Ways63.1.1 The Broadcasting of Tea Culture63.1.2 The Broadcasting of Coffee Culture 73.2 Differences in Protocols73.2.1 Chinese Tea Ceremony83.2.2 Western Coffee Ceremony83.3 The Works Related to Tea and Coffee Culture93.4 Present Conditions of Tea Culture and Coffee Cult

4、ure103.4.1 Tea Culture in Western Countries103.4.2 Coffee Culture in China 103.4.3 The Prospect for Tea and Coffee 11. CONCLUSION12REFERENCES13ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS14ABSTRACTBoth tea and coffee have a long history. There is no doubt that they had formed related cultures respectively. Comparing the two cu

5、ltures, one could find out that there are many differences between them. Those are presented in the following directions: differences in the classifications, differences in the spreading ways, differences in the protocols and so on. All these differences leave an impression that coffee culture seems

6、 simpler and freer than tea culture. For example, the protocols of tea are strict, rules cannot be changed. While in making coffee one can do whatever he likes. These differences can be traced back to the forming of these two cultures. Both tea culture and coffee culture are a reflection of their re

7、lated society. Different people have different thinking modes. The orient people seem more fantastic, they believe in things that do not exist, such as gods. They would adjust to the nature and keep things the original way. The westerners, on the contrary, prefer realism. They would change the envir

8、onment instead of adjusting to it. The study of these two cultures will contribute to the understanding of the differences between orient culture and western culture. Also it will help the interchange of these two cultures.Key words: tea culture；coffee culture；differences；thinking modes摘 要茶與咖啡都擁有著悠久

9、的歷史，因此它們都衍生出了相應(yīng)的文化。對(duì)比這兩種文化很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者的不同。這些不同之處體現(xiàn)在分類、傳播方式、相關(guān)禮儀及其它方面上。這些差異無不昭示著相較于茶文化，咖啡文化顯得更加的自由隨性。 一如兩者在禮儀上的差異：茶禮儀已經(jīng)固定下來并有著一套嚴(yán)格的步驟；而咖啡禮儀則相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的多。深究下去就能發(fā)現(xiàn)除客觀原因外，這些差異都與東西方傳統(tǒng)文化及人們的思維模式有關(guān)。東方人比較感性，講求融入自然；而西方人則更加理性，較之于適應(yīng)環(huán)境他們更愿意改變環(huán)境。只有了解了這兩種文化，才能更好的理解東西方文化的差異，促進(jìn)東西方的文化交流。關(guān)鍵詞 茶文化；咖啡文化；差異；思維模式I. INTRODUCTIONThere

10、 have always been differences between tea culture and coffee culture. People seldom think about the reasons. In fact, tea culture and coffee culture are different because they have differences in social atmosphere, history and literary background. People have done lots of researches on it. The resea

11、rches can be mainly divided into three directions: research on tea culture, research on coffee culture, and research on the similarities and differences between them.As about the discussion of tea culture, the researchers mainly talk about the history, the protocol, and the influence of tea have on

12、thinking modes, and they only discuss tea culture independently. In the discussion of coffee culture, they mainly talk about the origin of coffee, the broadcasting of coffee, and the differences of coffee culture between different countries. Yet they still talk about coffee culture separately. Gener

13、al Analysis on the Comparison of Chinese Tea Culture and French Coffee Culture by Wang Yulan goes deeper about these two cultures. (Wang Yulan : 2008) It is good that she discusses them comparatively, but the shortcoming is that: it only talks about coffee culture in France, and it mainly talks abou

14、t tea and coffee themselves instead of the culture. Considering the present study condition and the shortcomings they have, this thesis will make an analysis on tea culture and coffee culture comparatively in the following sections. In part two, the thesis will introduce tea culture and coffee cultu

15、re in details, includes their definitions, origins and classifications. And then in part three, the thesis will make a through analysis on the differences between them. These differences include the different broadcasting method of tea and coffee, different protocols and the related works. Also in t

16、his part, the thesis will introduce the present conditions of tea and coffee, about tea in western countries and coffee in China. Finally, the thesis will make a conclusion that these differences are the result of the different thinking modes between the orients and the westerners. The Chinese peopl

17、e believe in nature, while the westerners prefer realism. The Chinese prefer the unity of heaven and humanity, while the westerner make the division between heaven and people clear.All the analyses made in the thesis will be strict and specified. Undoubtedly it is helpful for the study of orient and

18、 western culture.II. DESCRIPTIONS OF TEA CULTURE AND COFFEE CULTUREMany people are interested in tea culture and coffee culture, but few of them know about the basic knowledge of them. Thus it is necessary for the persons who want to have a further study about tea culture and coffee culture get acqu

19、aintance with the definitions and the differences about the two cultures. Only in this way, can a person starts to savour the two cultures.2.1 The Origins of Tea and Coffee Tea is the agricultural product of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the Camellia sinensis plant, prepared and cured by

20、various methods. After water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. It has a slightly bitter, astringent flavor which many people dont enjoy.There has been an old saying that Shennong, a god in the mythology time, in order to protect his people from getting poisoned by eating those

21、unknown herbs, tasted and classified all the herbs he met. One day he got poisoned and was nearly died, then accidentally did he ate the leaves of some Camellia sinensis plant and got cured. Later he found that tea the leaves of Camellia sinensis plant, can detoxicate many herbs poison. From that da

22、y on, he taught his people to drink tea.Coffee is a brewed drink made from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans. They are seeds of coffee cherries that grow on trees in over 70 countries, cultivated primarily in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Green unroasted coffee is one of the m

23、ost traded agricultural commodities in the world. The finding of coffee is quite another story. It says that among the 10th century A.D., an old shepherd in Kaffa, a small town of Ethiopia in East Africa, found his sheep were exited and noisy after passing a small hill. Keeping an eye on it, he foun

24、d there was a kind of red berries. What the sheep ate were those berries. Having a taste of it, he found it difficult to get asleep. Shared his experience with a doctor, they found out the effect of that berry slowly. (San Nian : 2008)Though we can not find any evidence to prove the two stories, the

25、 coffee one seems more believable. There could be a shepherd, a doctor, or even a pauper, but a god is far beyond our reach. Looking up the history books, it can be clearly seen that Chinese people prefer to link the unknown things with the god. It seems that however horrible the thing is, it will b

26、e solved when the god came. If something can not be changed, then it must be the gods will. God makes the hero and the history. What the westerners believe is that, there must be a reason for all those things; the difficulty is to find it out. They believe in themselves, people fight to be the hero

27、and hero makes the history and gods.2.2 The Classifications of Tea and CoffeeThere are several ways to classify tea. For example, people can classify tea according to their habitats, or their shapes of leaves, etc. But the most accepted method is that classifying tea by their colours. There are at l

28、east six varieties of tea according to this criterion: white tea, green tea, red tea, yellow tea and black tea. White tea doesnt experience the fermentation but be dried under the sun only. Since it hasnt been stir-fried, the villous on the leaves remained, these villous make the leaves white. White

29、 tea mainly exist in Fujian province. A typical white tea is Shou Mei Tea. Green tea, or may call it oolong tea, is half ferment tea, the edge of the leaves is red while the whole leave is green. The craft of making a cup of oolong is the most complex one so people call it Kungfu tea. A typical gree

30、n tea is known as Tikuanyin. Red tea is full ferment tea, the whole leave and soup is red. In the processing, red tea didt experience the kill out but was withered rolled then ferment. A typical red tea is Dianhong. Yellow tea is made just as the white tea but it has been covered deeply for three da

31、ys before its totally dry, this made the leave and soup yellow. Junshan Silver Needle Tea is a symbolic one of yellow tea. Black tea is over ferment tea. The long time of ferment make the leaves brown. It used to be the main kind of tea sold to the border area. Liu Bao Tea is referred as a symbol of

32、 it. Pu-erh used to be considered as a kind of black tea, but now it is specified out. Because the process of making Pu-erh is different from making black tea. It hasnt ferment. Now Pu-erh refers to the compressed tea in a certain area in Yun Nan.As for coffee, there are different labels for its cla

33、ssification. One of them is classified by the habitats, such as the Blue Mountain coffee, Brazil coffee and Santos. Blue Mountain coffee refer to coffee made from beans produced in Blue Mountain in Jamaica. It has the taste of fruits. Brazil coffee is coffee produced in Brazil. The beans was unwashe

34、d before dried. It is a little acid and bitter in taste. The processes of producing these coffees are about the same, the differences exist because the coffee beans may have different tastes due to the different geography conditions. There are also some coffees which are named after the inventor suc

35、h as Cappuccino and MALCO White coffee. It is said that the inventor find the colour of the coffee looks like the robe of monks in Capuchin, so he invent this name.2.3 Definitions of Tea Culture and Coffee CultureAfter knowing these information about tea and coffee, one can form a basic impression a

36、bout tea culture and coffee culture. Literally, tea culture and coffee culture mean the cultural phenomenon related to tea and coffee. But they are more than that.2.3.1 Tea CultureIn China, there is a common saying: “Firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea are the seven necessities to begi

37、n a day.” Though tea is the last one on the list, we can still see the importance of tea in daily life. Through these we can see the importance of tea in Chinese peoples lives.The definition of culture in The Grand Dictionary of Chinese Language is: From a board definition, it refers to the material

38、 and spiritual wealth created in the practice process of human social history. Obviously, the so-called tea culture means the material wealth and the spiritual wealth related to tea directly. Narrowly said, tea culture only refers to the spiritual wealth. The writer Jin Gangshi holds this view in hi

39、s article What is Tea Culture He thought that tea culture could be divided into four levels: found culture, system culture, behavior culture and psychology culture. (Jin Gangshi : 2008)Based on those information, The most scientific definition for Chinese tea culture shall be concluded as follows: C

40、hinese tea culture refers to the methods of preparation of tea, the equipments used to make tea and the occasions in which tea is consumed in China. The emergence of Chinese tea does a great favor to enhance the spirit and wisdom of human beings to a higher level. It is not only has the embodiment o

41、f Chinese spiritual civilization, but also the extension of the ideological form. 2.3.2 Coffee Culture“If Im not in the coffee house, I will be on the way to the coffee house.” Though it is a simple joke, it reflects the real life of western people. Coffee had been a great part of their life.The def

42、inition of coffee culture means the material wealth and the spiritual wealth related to tea directly. Coffee culture describes a social atmosphere or series of associated social behaviors that depends heavily upon coffee. The term also refers to the broadcasting and adoption of coffee as a widely co

43、nsumed stimulant by a culture. In the late 20th century, particularly in the Western world and urban centers around the globe, espresso has become an increasingly dominant form. III. ANALYSIS ON DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHINESE TEA CULTURE AND WESTERN COFFEE CULTUREThe differences between tea culture and

44、 coffee culture lie in many ways, the thesis will mainly discuss them in three directions: the broadcasting ways of tea and coffee, the protocols of tea and coffee, and the related literary works of tea and coffee.3.1 Differences in Broadcasting WaysSoon as people accept tea and coffee, they began t

45、o spread them out. Though tea and coffee are both broadcasted as the technology developing. The specific way they spread and the roles that they play are different.3.1.1 The Broadcasting of Tea Culture Before the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Chinese tea was exported by land and sea, first to Japan and Ko

46、rea, then to India and Central Asia. In the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) Dynasties, to the Arabian Peninsula. In the early period of the 17th century, Chinese tea was exported to Europe, where the upper class adopted the fashion of drinking tea. Chinese tea, like Chinese silk and china, is

47、an outstanding contribution to the worlds material and spiritual civilization.Tea plays different roles in its broadcasting as the situation changes. Merchants use it as a tool to earn money, foreigners bring it back as a innovation. But mainly it is broadcasted as a gift. The ancient Chinese grante

48、d tea to their neighbors, or used it as a present for exchange. They were generous when getting along with people. They didnt avoid showing out their superiority over others. In fact they thought that, sharing it with others can show their power and mercy. It was through this way that tea got spread

49、 among Asia and then the whole world. The story of Zhenghe can be an example. He travelled abroad for seven times, reached southeast of Asia and Africa successfully. Zhenghe brought tea and silk fabrics to those countries and brought their special local product back. But whats more is that he made t

50、he ship route clear. After that the southeast Asia and Africa countries began to get connect with China. And tea culture began to get across. What Zhenghe spread is tea culture instead of tea only.(Chen Wutong : 2005)3.1.2 The Broadcasting of Coffee Culture The role coffee played is a bit simple com

51、pared with tea. Besides acting as tools to earn money, it was also served as tributes. It was said that a Turkey ambassador introduced coffee to Louis the 14th. Since Louis the 14th doesnt like red tea and chocolate, coffee becomes his favor. He held ceremonies of coffee in his palace, and this made

52、 coffee famous in France and later in England. Another way of coffee broadcasting is that people accept coffee as the invaders conquered a new place. The invaders wanted to have a cup of coffee, so they ordered their slaves to plant coffee. During World War One the soldiers formed a habit of drink i

53、nstant coffee, as they goes through different countries they brought instant coffee with them, the locals then began to have a taste on it, and get used to the taste of it. Even when the war was over, they didnt give the habit up. Thus made instant coffee the most popular coffee among the world.From

54、 the above analysis one can see that the broadcasting ways of tea an coffee are quite different. The different broadcasting ways are the result of different thinking modes between orients and westerners. The Chinese think that our country is really a big one, we are rich in resources, and it will no

55、t be harmful by giving out resources. What we give out was just a few things. By doing this, we can form a good relationship with other countries and earn the respect of those small countries, then why dont we do it. This idea might be correct in the ancient time, but it can not be true forever. Yet

56、, those experiences have become rules. The Chinese would prefer to keep the rules than spending a long time to find out a new one. They think that, betraying the ancestor is unacceptable. Because of this, the custom passed down integrally. While the westerners would prefer to earn others respect by

57、showing out their power instead of liberality. The best way to keep a good relationship with other countries is to keep peace with them. They are not afraid of adventure, in fact they are looking forward of it. 3.2 Differences in ProtocolsDrinking tea and coffee used to be a symbol for status. Only

58、those rich people can have the money and time to taste it. In order to make the experience fits their statue more, they invented a series of protocols and standards. Later, as tea and coffee spread around they began to link the process with the ancient culture and rules.3.2.1 Chinese Tea Ceremony In Teaism, one should get well dressed to savor a cup of tea. To have a certain kind of tea, the relevant utensil should be prepared. Take Pu-erh as an example. It is better if the pot