中考介詞考點(diǎn)梳理

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上中考介詞考點(diǎn)梳理介詞是一種用來表示詞語詞之間、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)做句子成分。介詞分為簡單介詞和短語介詞兩種。簡單介詞即單個(gè)介詞，如in，under，on，for，after等；短語介詞指多個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的介詞，如in front of，instead of，far from等。介詞短語與短語介詞不同。介詞短語指由“介詞名詞/代詞等” 構(gòu)成的短語，如at school，by bus，on Sunday等，在句中可以作定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作連詞(作連詞時(shí)，其后接句子)，如after，before等；而有些單詞，既可以

2、作介詞，也可以作副詞，如above，below等。介詞是中考試卷中的“?？汀?，從時(shí)間上看，年年都要考；從地點(diǎn)上看，每個(gè)地區(qū)都要考。考查介詞的主要題目有：單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻譯等。一、對(duì)時(shí)間介詞的考查介詞用 法例 句 / 常 用 短 語at 表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或是瞬間 用在節(jié)假日前表示“在期間” 用于某些固定搭配I usually get up at half past six.Bill got a lot of presents at Christmas.at noon; at night; at midnighton表示在具體的某一天或具體到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等I lik

3、e visiting friends on Sundays.The accident happened on a rainy evening.in 用于月份、季節(jié)、年、年代、世紀(jì)等 泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上“in+時(shí)間段”，表示“在之后”，常用于一般將來時(shí)態(tài)in January; in summer; in the 1990sin the morning / afternoon / eveningShe says that her mother will be back _ (兩個(gè)小時(shí)后) .during在期間during the summer holidaysbefore在之前He wil

4、l be back before suppertime.after“after+具體時(shí)刻”，表示“在之后”“after+時(shí)間段”不與將來時(shí)連用。after three oclock / lunch / AugustHe will arrive _ (after / in) an hour.since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子，表示“自從以來”He has taught English since 2001.I havent seen him since he left last time.for后接時(shí)間段，表示“持續(xù)一段時(shí)間”He has lived here for eight years.t

5、ill / until 表示持續(xù)到某個(gè)時(shí)候 not until 意為“直到才”It may last till / until next Friday.We cant get off the bus until it stops.fromfrom to 意為“從到”We go to school from Monday to Friday.by 表示“在之前”、“不遲于” 表示“到為止”You must be here by ten oclock tomorrow.by the end of last year / next year; by now【中考例題】1. (2015連云港) I w

6、as born _ December 17. This year Ill hold a birthday party for it at home.A. onB. atC. inD. by2. (2015四川涼山) Do you know Victory Day in China?Yes, its _ September 3rd _ each year. It tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the history. A. in; on

7、B. on; / C. at; / D. on; in3. (2015山東臨沂) For many Western people, they drink cold water even _ winter.A. on B. for C. at D. in4. (2015甘肅武威) The charity walk begins _ 9:00. Dont be late. No problem.A. at B. by C. in D. on5. (2015安徽) The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come _ four days.A. afterB.

8、forC. duringD. in6. (2015菏澤短文填空) After walking around _ some time, she came to a river.7. (2015德州首字母填空) He has been away from home s_ two days ago.8. (2015溫州句子填空) The Highland Museum is opened every day _ Monday.二、對(duì)地點(diǎn)、方位介詞的考查介 詞圖 示意 義例 句1in在之內(nèi)The students are reading in the classroom.學(xué)生們?cè)诮淌依镒x書。2on在上

9、面The boat is on the river.那條船在河上。3beneath在下面(緊貼著表面)The sun is now beneath the horizon.太陽此刻落到地平線下了。4over在（正）上方There are several bridges over the river.河上有好幾座橋。5under在（正）下方The boat sailed under the bridge.船在橋下行駛。6above在上方The plane flew above the clouds.飛機(jī)在云上飛行。7below在下方The sun sinks below the horizon.

10、太陽沉沒在地平線下。8by / beside在旁邊Tom is sitting by / beside the window.湯姆坐在窗戶的旁邊。9near在附近I dont need a car because I live near the city centre. 我不需要汽車，因?yàn)槲易≡诳拷兄行?。?詞圖 示意 義例 句10next to緊挨My best friend sits next to me in class.上課時(shí)我最好的朋友坐在我的旁邊。11behind在后面Olive hid behind a tree.奧列弗藏在一棵樹后面。12outside在外面He parked

11、 his car outside the theater.他把汽車停在劇場外面。13to到去We walked to the fruit shop.我們步行到水果店。14from從來We traveled to London from Edinburgh.我們從愛丁堡旅行到倫敦。15(a)round圍繞We all sat around the table.我們都圍繞著桌子坐。16between在之間（指二者）The letter B is between A and C.字母B在A和C之間。17among在之間（指三者或三者以上）The house stands among the tree

12、s.房子在樹叢中。18across橫過、越過(從表面跨過)If the road is busy, dont walk across it.如果道路擁擠，就不要橫穿馬路。19through穿過(從內(nèi)部穿過)We drove through the tunnel.我們開車穿過了隧道。20past / by從旁邊經(jīng)過/ 路過I went past / by a bakery on my way home.我在回家的路上經(jīng)過了一家面包店。21onto到上The men lift the baskets onto the trucks.人們把籃子運(yùn)上卡車。22into到里They put the ap

13、ples into the baskets.他們把蘋果放進(jìn)籃子里。23out of從出來Dont look out of the window in class.上課時(shí)不要朝窗外看。24along沿著Walk along this street, then turn left, you can see the post office.沿著這條街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到郵局。at, in, on表示地點(diǎn)的用法：at表地點(diǎn)時(shí)，指空間位置上的某一點(diǎn)，后面常接小地方。如：at the bus stop；in表地點(diǎn)時(shí)，指在某一立體空間范圍內(nèi)，后面接大地方。如：in shanghai；on表地點(diǎn)時(shí)，指

14、某物與另一物表面相接觸，或與某地方接壤等。如：on the table等。in, on, to表示方位的用法：范圍之內(nèi)用in；相鄰、接壤用on；不相鄰或隔海相望用to。【中考例題】9. (2015江蘇泰州) I like the weather in Kunming. Its warm all year long.Yes. And the temperature stays _ zero all the time.A. atB. belowC. aroundD. above10. (2015蘇州) In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often

15、remains _ zero all day.A. aboveB. belowC. overD. under11. (2015益陽) The bank is _ the bookstore and the post office.A. at the front ofD. amongC. betweenD. in12. (2015濰坊) You must be careful when you swim _ the lake.A. acrossB. belowC. overD. through13. (2015貴州銅仁) Excuse me, where is the bookstore?Go

16、_ the bridge. Youll see it on your left.A. on B. cross C. across D. through14. (2015黑龍江綏化) Heilongjiang Province is _ the northeast of China. A. to B. in C. onD. at15. (2014天津) Cambridge is a small city _ the east of England.A. betweenB. withC. inD. under16. (2015南寧) Jim sits behind me, so I sit _ h

17、im.A. at the top ofB. at the end ofC. in the middle ofD. in front of三、對(duì)手段、方法介詞的考查介詞用 法例 句 / 常 用 短 語by by+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具” by doing sth.：“通過某種方式”He goes to school by bus every day.I learn English by listening to the radio.in in+語言類名詞：“用某種語言” in+工具：“用某種工具或材料”Can you say it in English?Dont write it in pen

18、cil. Write it in ink.with with+工具：“用某種工具或材料” with the help of：“在的幫助下”I often do my homework with a pen.With the help of him, I won the match.on通過某個(gè)設(shè)備He listens to music on the radio.【中考例題】17. (2015江蘇鎮(zhèn)江) Ma Yun, the Chairperson of Alibaba Group, has made much money _ the Internet.A. through B. along

19、C. across D. towards18. (2014上海) More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work _ underground.A. in B. with C. by D. for19. (2014成都) Gina, whats this _ English?A. byB. forC. inD. with20. (2014萊蕪) We can save money _ cooking our own meals instead of eating outside.A. byB. toC. forD. with四、對(duì)其他常

20、用介詞的考查介詞用 法例 句 / 常 用 短 語about 大約“關(guān)于”，只表示“和有關(guān)”There are about 60 pupils in my class.I want to tell you a story about animals.on“關(guān)于”，多表示內(nèi)容具有專門性，是嚴(yán)肅的和學(xué)術(shù)性的Its a book on animals. 這是一本論及動(dòng)物的書。(學(xué)術(shù)專著)like“像一樣”He talked to me like his father.as“作為；以的身份”，后跟表示職業(yè)、職務(wù)的名詞As a volunteer, I must try my best to help y

21、ou with your problems.except“除之外”，指從整體中除去一部分We are all here except Li Ming.（李明不在這兒）besides“除之外還有（包括在內(nèi)）”We are all here besides Li Ming.（李明在這兒）with表示伴隨，意為“和一起”I went to plant trees with my friends.without表示“沒有”，常作狀語He left without saying a word.for 表示目的，意為“為了” 表示原因、理由He came here for a cup of tea.San

22、ya is famous for “Tianya Haijiao”.towards“朝方向”A dog is running towards me.off“離開，脫離”Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。against靠著；反對(duì)He is sleeping soundly against a tree.instead of“代替”I went swimming instead of watching TV.because of“因?yàn)椤?，表示原因I didnt go out because of the bad weather.【中考例題】21. (2015福州) Do you r

23、emember what she looked like when you first met her?Of course. She was tall and thin _ long hair.A. inB. withC. onD. for22. (2015龍巖) Jack had to stop working though it was _ his own wishes.A. onB. forC. againstD. by23. (2015河南) Wild animals are our friends. We shouldnt kill them _ food or clothing.A

24、. inB. withC. aboutD. for24. (2015連云港) It is great _ us to get so many favourite books on International Childrens Book Day.A. toB. withC. ofD. for25. (2015涼山完形填空) He looked at me and, _ a word, smiled.A. inB. withC. withoutD. for26. (2014四川省內(nèi)江市) All of us went to the park _ Bob. He had to look after

25、 his sister.A. besidesB. withC. exceptD. besides五、對(duì)介詞短語的考查搭配情況介 詞固 定 搭 配與名詞的搭配atat night / noon; at once; at first / last; at home / school / workafterafter school / class; after breakfast / lunch / supper; after allbyby the way; by the lake / river; by now; by chance / accidentinin class; in time;

26、in town; in the future; in fact; in a car / taxionon time; on duty; on business; on foot; on a train / ship / planeforfor example; for a while; for sure; for fun; the idea / technology fortothe answer to / the way to / the key towithhave problem / trouble / difficulty / fun with / make friends with與

27、動(dòng)詞的搭配aboutworry about; talk about; think about; learn / know aboutatlook at; laugh at; shout at; point at; knock at; arrive at; call at swh.forlook for; ask for; wait for; stand for; leave for; send for sb.fromhear from sb.; learn from sb.; come from; be made fromondepend on; get on; call on sb.;（pu

28、t on; try on; turn on）off get off; fall off; show off;（take off; see sb. off）tobelong to; listen to; get to; write to; help oneself to; say hello / hi towithbegin with; talk / chat with sb.; agree with sb.; get on / along with sb.與形容詞的搭配aboutbe sure about; be sorry aboutatbe mad at; be good / bad at

29、; be surprised at; be talented atofbe afraid / scared of; be sure / proud / fond / jealous / full ofwithbe busy / strict / angry / popular / satisfied / covered / filled withinbe interested in; be different in size; be strict in sth.forbe famous for; be late for; be ready for; be good / bad fortobe

30、polite / rude / cruel to sb.; be good / friendly / kind / bad to sb.frombe away from; be different from; be away from【中考例題】27. (2015濱州) My mother says my friend is similar _ me, but I think she is different _ me.A. as; fromB. to; fromC. to; toD. as; to28. (2015鹽城) This photo reminded the old man _ t

31、he days when he was young.A. withB. forC. byD. of29. (2015武威) They hope it can protect them _ terrible air.A. inB. fromC. forD. at30. (2015廣州) When the king saw that she as playing his old harp, he was filled _ joy.A. inB. ofC. byD. with31. (2014山西) This kind of dress is _ this year, and I really wa

32、nt to get oneA. in danger B. in trouble C. in styleD. in time32. (2014四川) Mr. Yangs daughter is pretty good _ drawing pictures and won many prizes.A. with B. for C. in D. at33. (2014天津) Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China so were proud _ them.A. inB. onC. ofD. for34. (2015廣安完形填空) I

33、 learn _ my teacher and my classmates at the corner.A. toB. atC. forD. from35. (2015煙臺(tái)) Compared _ some unhappy people, those who are always pleased and relaxed are less likely to suffer colds.A. atB. withC. inD. of附：介詞的省略省略情況示 例表示時(shí)間的短語中介詞的省略。(in) this morning / afternoon / evening; (on) the next da

34、y;(in) next week / month / year; (in) last night / week / year;(on) the day before yesterday; (in) the year before last; (on) tomorrow morning; (on) every / some / one / all day 在肯定句中表示一段時(shí)間的for常可省略。I have been waiting for you (for) a whole afternoon.He has studied English (for) five years.在“of+大小、形狀

35、、年齡”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，of 常省略。When I was (of) your age, I knew much less than you.The desks in our class are (of) the same colour, material, shape, height and length.在here，there，home等副詞前。come (to) here; go (to) there; go (to) home某些習(xí)語中的省略。be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事(in) this / that way 以這種/那種方法stop / prevent sb

36、. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事spend (in) doing sth. 在做某事上花費(fèi)have trouble (in) doing sth. 在做某事中遇到麻煩help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事近年河北省中考介詞真題1. (2015) This food is free. You dont have to _ it.A. look forB. pay forC. ask forD. wait for2. (2014) You see, Kevin is writing _ his left hand.A. atB. asC. forD. wi

37、th3. (2013) _ age 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition.A. InB. AtC. OnD. For4. (2012) We can be thankful every day, not just _ Thanksgiving Day.A. inB. onC. toD. by5. (2011) This school is different _ others. It has many out-of-class activities.A. offB. fromC. ofD. for6. (2015邯鄲一模) Jessica took part in the English competition _ the morning of April tenth.A. in B. on C. to D. by7. (2015邯鄲二模) Don