專題七動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)

1、專題七動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)中考對動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的考查主要是不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。若主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語是動(dòng)作的承受者為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意，動(dòng)詞中只有及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。高頻考向一常見時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aredone。如：It is made in China 它是中國制造的。一般過去時(shí)：was/weredone。如：The bridge was built in 1980.這座橋建于1980年。一般將來時(shí)：willbedone。如：She will be trained by her father.她將受訓(xùn)于她爸爸。情態(tài)

2、動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞bedone。如：Work must be done in two days.工作必須在兩天之內(nèi)完成。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeendone。如：The room has been cleaned.房間已經(jīng)被打掃干凈了?！纠?】 Football _ to our school subjects last year.(2016，陜西)Ais addedBaddsCwas added Dadded解析：句意為“去年足球被加入了我們的學(xué)校課程?！敝髡Zfootball是add這一動(dòng)作的承受者，句子應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是“be動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。由關(guān)鍵詞last year可知

3、句子用一般過去時(shí)。答案：_【例2】 Our plan to clean the park _ tomorrow.(2016，海南)Adiscusses Bwill discussCwill be discussed解析：由時(shí)間狀語tomorrow(明天)可知，該句用一般將來時(shí)。句子的主語plan(計(jì)劃)與謂語動(dòng)詞discuss(討論)在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“will be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。答案：_CC【例3】 Why does the earth look blue in space?Because most of the earths surfac

4、e _ by water.(2016，黃石)Acovers Bis coveredCcover Dare covered解析：句意為“為什么在太空中，地球看上去是藍(lán)色的？”“因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娴拇蟛糠直凰采w著。”句子的主語surface是謂語動(dòng)詞cover的承受者，句子用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；surface是不可數(shù)名詞，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。答案：_B【例4】 Children should _ to be honest from a young age.(2016，青島)Aeducate Bbe educatedCpunish Dbe punished解析：educate“教育”；punish“懲罰”。由常

5、識(shí)“我們應(yīng)教育孩子誠實(shí)”可知，句意為“孩子們應(yīng)當(dāng)從小就被教育誠實(shí)”，且應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“should be及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。答案：_B高頻考向二語態(tài)用法的難點(diǎn)某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，但含有被動(dòng)的意思。如：This dictionary sells well.這種字典很暢銷。The woolen sweater costs $88.這件羊毛衫賣88美元。The car needs repairing.The car needs to be repaired.那輛車需要修理。The soup tastes delicious.這湯嘗起來味道很好。主動(dòng)語態(tài)

6、中有些動(dòng)詞，如：make，see，listen，watch，feel后常跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)要帶上to。如：He made the boy work for him.The boy was made to work for him.這男孩被迫為他工作。動(dòng)詞短語變成被動(dòng)短語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語后面的介詞或副詞不能省略。如：The baby was looked after by her sister.這嬰兒由她姐姐照顧。His plan was laughed at by everyone.他的計(jì)劃遭到每個(gè)人的嘲笑。形容詞cheap，comfortable，dangerous

7、，important，interesting，nice等接不定式作狀語時(shí)，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如：A bicycle is cheap to run.使用自行車是很經(jīng)濟(jì)的。This question is difficult to answer.這個(gè)問題很難回答。形容詞worth后接動(dòng)詞ing形式時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如：The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀?！纠?】 The books _ well.Asell BsellsCis sold Dare sold解析：本句中主語the books是復(fù)數(shù)，且sell本身含有被動(dòng)意思。答案：_【例6】 This pair of shoes_hand，and it _very comfortable.Ais made with；is felt Bare made from；is feltCare made of；feels Dis made by；feels解析：句意為“這雙鞋是由手工制成的，感覺很舒服?！敝髡Zthis pair of shoes是謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，用is made by；feel為半連系動(dòng)詞，句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：_AD【例7】 If you see the cartoon film，you will_laugh