化學用語中英對照.doc

1、化學用語中英對照Bunsen burner本生燈 product化學反響產(chǎn)物 flask燒瓶 apparatus設備 PH indicatorPH 值指示劑,氫離子(濃度的)負指數(shù)指示劑 matrass卵形瓶 litmus石蕊 litmus paper石蕊試紙 graduate, graduated flask量筒,量杯 reagent試劑 test tube試管 burette滴定管 retort曲頸甑 still蒸餾釜 cupel烤缽 crucible pot, melting pot坩堝 pipette吸液管 filter濾管 stirring rod攪拌棒element元素 body物

2、體 pound化合物 atom原子 gram atom克原子 atomic weight原子量 atomic number原子數(shù) atomic mass原子質(zhì)量 molecule分子 electrolyte電解質(zhì) ion離子 anion陰離子 cation陽離子 electron電子 isotope同位素 isomer同分異物現(xiàn)象 polymer聚合物 symbol復合 radical基 structural formula分子式 valence, valency價 monovalent單價 bivalent二價 halogen成鹽元素 bond原子的聚合 mi_ture混合 bination

3、合成作用 pound合成物 alloy合金metal金屬 metalloid非金屬 Actinium(Ac)錒 Aluminium(Al)鋁 Americium(Am)镅 Antimony(Sb)銻 Argon(Ar)氬 Arsenic(As)砷 Astatine(At)砹 Barium(Ba)鋇 Berkelium(Bk)锫 Beryllium(Be)鈹 Bismuth(Bi)鉍 Boron(B)硼 Bromine(Br)溴 Cadmium(Cd)鎘 Caesium(Cs)銫 Calcium(Ca)鈣 Californium(Cf)锎 Carbon(C)碳 Cerium(Ce)鈰 Chlor

4、ine(Cl)氯 Chromium(Cr)鉻 Cobalt(Co)鈷 Copper(Cu)銅 Curium(Cm)鋦 Dysprosium(Dy)鏑 Einsteinium(Es)锿 Erbium(Er)鉺 Europium(Eu)銪 Fermium(Fm)鐨 Fluorine(F)氟 Francium(Fr)鈁 Gadolinium(Gd)釓 Gallium(Ga)鎵 Germanium(Ge)鍺 Gold(Au)金 Hafnium(Hf)鉿 Helium(He)氦 Holmium(Ho)鈥 Hydrogen(H)氫 Indium(In)銦 Iodine(I)碘 Iridium(Ir)銥 I

5、ron(Fe)鐵 Krypton(Kr)氪 Lanthanum(La)鑭 Lawrencium(Lr)鐒 Lead(Pb)鉛 Lithium(Li)鋰 Lutetium(Lu)镥 Magnesium(Mg)鎂 Manganese(Mn)錳 Mendelevium(Md)鍆 Mercury(Hg)汞 Molybdenum(Mo)鉬 Neodymium(Nd)釹 Neon(Ne)氖 Neptunium(Np)镎 Nickel(Ni)鎳 Niobium(Nb)鈮 Nitrogen(N)氮 Nobelium(No)锘 Osmium(Os)鋨 O_ygen(O)氧 Palladium(Pd)鈀 Phos

6、phorus(P)磷 Platinum(Pt)鉑 Plutonium(Pu)钚 Polonium(Po)釙 Potassium(K)鉀 Praseodymium(Pr)鐠 Promethium(Pm)钷 Protactinium(Pa)鏷 Radium(Ra)鐳 Radon(Rn)氡 Rhenium(Re)錸 Rhodium(Rh)銠 Rubidium(Rb)銣 Ruthenium(Ru)釕 Samarium(Sm)釤 Scandium(Sc)鈧 Selenium(Se)硒 Silicon(Si)硅 Silver(Ag)銀 Sodium(Na)鈉 Strontium(Sr)鍶 Sulphur(

7、S)锍 Tantalum(Ta)鉭 Techium(Tc)锝 Tellurium(Te)碲 Terbium(Tb)鋱 Thallium(Tl)鉈 Thorium(Th)釷 Tin(Sn)錫 Thulium(Tm)銩 Titanium(Ti)鈦 Tungsten(W)鎢 Uranium(U)鈾 Vanadium(V)釩 _enon(_e)氙 Ytterbium(Yb)鐿 Yttrium(Y)釔 Zinc(Zn)鋅 Zirconium(Zr)鋯organic chemistry有機化學 inorganic chemistry無機化學 derivative衍生物 series系列 acid酸 hyd

8、rochloric acid鹽酸 sulphuric acid硫酸 nitric acid硝酸 aqua fortis王水 fatty acid脂肪酸 organic acid有機酸 hydrosulphuric acid氫硫酸 hydrogen sulfide氫化硫 alkali堿,強堿 ammonia氨 base堿 hydrate水合物 hydro_ide氫氧化物,羥化物 hydracid氫酸 hydrocarbon碳氫化合物,羥 anhydride酐 alkaloid生物堿 aldehyde醛 o_ide氧化物 phosphate磷酸鹽 acetate醋酸鹽 methane甲烷,沼氣 b

9、utane丁烷 salt鹽 potassium carbonate碳酸鉀 soda蘇打 sodium carbonate碳酸鈉 caustic potash苛性鉀 caustic soda苛性鈉 ester酯 gel凝膠體analysis分解 fractionation分餾 endothermic reaction吸熱反響 e_othermic reaction放熱反響 precipitation沉淀 to precipitate沉淀 to distil, to distill蒸餾 distillation蒸餾 to calcine煅燒 to o_idize氧化 alkalinization堿

10、化 to o_ygenate, to o_idize脫氧,氧化 to neutralize中和 to hydrogenate氫化 to hydrate水合,水化 to dehydrate脫水 fermentation發(fā)酵 solution溶解 bustion燃燒 fusion, melting熔解 alkalinity堿性 isomerism, isomery同分異物現(xiàn)象 hydrolysis水解 electrolysis電解 electrode電極 anode陽極,正極 cathode陰極,負極 catalyst催化劑 catalysis催化作用 o_idization, o_idation

11、氧化 reducer復原劑 dissolution分解 synthesis合成 reversible可逆的refining煉油 refinery煉油廠 cracking裂化 separation別離 fractionating tower分餾塔 fractional distillation分餾 distillation column分裂蒸餾塔 polymerizing, polymerization聚合 reforming重整 purification凈化 hydrocarbon烴,碳氫化合物 crude oil, crude原油 petrol汽油 (美作:gasoline) LPG, liquefied petroleum gas液化石油氣 LNG, liquefied natural gas液化天然氣 octane number辛烷數(shù),辛烷值 vaseline凡士林 paraffin石蠟 kerosene, karaffin oil煤油 gas oil柴油 lubricatin