托福必備詞組

1、abound within富于、充滿absolve sbfrom 赦免某人的abstain from 避開（免）accommodate sb with 向某人提供accommodate oneself to 適應account for 說出（明）原因accuse sbof指責、控告某人acquaintwith/of把通知某人act for代理act on對起作用；按照行動add up to合計達到adjust oneself to使自己適應于admit of容許有advertise for登廣告尋求、尋找advise sbof sth把某事通知某人advise with sbon sth同某人

2、商量某事agree with sbto sth同意某人、某事aim at瞄準、針對allow for考慮到，體諒allow of容許，容得amount to相當于、等于answer for負責、保證appeal to sbfor sth為某事向某人提出呼吁apply to sbfor sth請求某人appoint sbto任命、委任某人為approach sbonabout sth為某事同某人打交道approve of對滿意argue with/against sbabouton sth與某人辯論某事argue sbintoout of doing sth說服某人做或不做某事arise fro

3、m由而產(chǎn)生、而引起arrange with sbforabout sth與某人商定某事ask for請求；向要；通過詢問找assess onupon向征稅、罰款assignto把分配給assist sbwith sthin doing sth幫助某人做某事assure sbof使某人確信某事attend to專心于，注意attributeto把歸因（咎）于avail oneself of利用awake to認識到awarato把授予（判給）bang sthinto sb硬把某事灌輸給某人bargain on doing sth商定做某事beg of sb請求某人beg for乞求believe

4、 in信任belong to屬于belong inwith應歸于某類別、派別等bidto sb向某人表示blame sthon sb把歸咎于某人blaze with sth燃燒；閃耀著；激發(fā)blow off吹掉；將熱水、蒸氣等放掉boil over發(fā)怒、激動borrow sthfromof sb向某人借botherabout sb為煩擾bother about doing sthto do sth為做某事操心、煩惱break in闖入，打斷break in on打擾、打斷break off折斷；突然停止講話；斷絕break out戰(zhàn)爭、火災等突然發(fā)生break up打碎，破碎；分裂；學校期末分

5、散bring about造成、帶來bring sbback to 使某人恢復到bring in生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)出；引進風尚等bring off使成功；完成bring out使呈現(xiàn)出；說出bring through救活，使渡過難關bring to使恢復知覺build on依賴、依靠；把建立于build up樹立、逐步建立burst into闖入；突然發(fā)作burst onupon突然來到calculate on/upon指望著，期待著call for需求、需要；為爭取而叫喊call off叫走，把叫開去call on約請、指派；號召、呼吁call up召喚、傳訊；使人想起care forabout關心、擔

6、心、介意、計較carry away運走、拿走carry on把進行下去；堅持下去carry out突現(xiàn)、開展；執(zhí)行、貫徹cast about for尋覓，想方設法cast away丟掉、拋棄cast down使沮喪；使下降cast off拋棄；使自由catch at死命抓住 ；渴望取得catch up with趕上、追上caution sbagainst doing sth警告某人不要做某事cease from doing sth停止做某事centre（） onupon（把）集中于challenge sbto向某人提出挑戰(zhàn)changefor用去換；換車、船到changeinto把變成charg

7、e sbwith sth與某人交換、調(diào)換charge sthupon sb把歸咎于某人cheat sbof sth騙取某人的cheat sbinto哄騙某人check up核對，檢驗；檢查check up with與相符合chew overupon深思，細想choosefromamongout of從中挑選claim sthfromof sb要求某人clash into猛撞在clean out（把）打掃干凈、清除出去clean up（把）收拾整潔，打掃干凈clean up on擊敗，勝過clear off清除；擺脫煩惱等；走開clear up整理、清除；解除誤會等climb down從爬下；退

8、讓，服輸、屈服close down工廠等關閉；（電臺）停止播音close in包圍，迫近close with靠近，逼近；接受cohere with連貫、符合combinewith把與結(jié)合come about發(fā)生come at襲擊；達到、得到come down in下來；降下；敗落，沒落come down on（for）（為）向某人索要come down to流傳到come down with出（捐）多少錢come in for接受遺產(chǎn)等；受到處分等come out of由出來、產(chǎn)生come out with發(fā)表、公布；說出、提出come through經(jīng)歷困難等；經(jīng)歷而活著come to（on

9、eself）（昏迷后）醒過來；醒悟過來come up against碰到困難、反對等come up to達到、符合come up with趕上；提出commend sthto sb把交托給某人commend sbupon hisn表揚某人的commit sbtovingb（phr）把某人提交給；責成某人做commit sbfor把某人押交 communicate sthto sb把通知給某人communicate with sbby用和某人通訊comparewith把和比較compare within在和相比較compensate sbfor因為向某人賠償complain of/ab

10、out抱怨；訴苦；抗議complain to sbof sth向某人控訴compliment sbon hisn夸獎某人的compromise with sbon sth在和某人妥協(xié)conceal sthfrom sb對某人隱瞞concede to sb對某人讓步concentrate（）on sth（注意力）集中在concur with sb（）同意某人（的）condemn sbto判某人刑罰conduct to道路通向confer sthonupon sb授予某人稱號、學位等confer with sbon/about sth與某人協(xié)商confess tosthv-ing（phr）承認（做

11、了）confide sthto sb向某人吐露confide in信任confineto把限制在confirm sbin hisn（在信念等方面）使更堅定conflict with與斗爭、戰(zhàn)斗conform（） towith與一致、符合；使遵照confoundwith使與混淆connect with與相連、連接、銜接consent to贊成、答應consignto把委托給、交付給consist of由構(gòu)成consist in存在于consult with同商量、協(xié)商contrast（）with（使）與對照contribute totowards對起一份作用、出一份力convert sthint

12、o sth把轉(zhuǎn)變、換成convey sthto sb向某人傳達感情等convict sbof宣判某人有罪cooperate with sb與某人合作、協(xié)作cope with對付、妥善處理correlate towith使相互關聯(lián)correspond towith與一致、符合count fromto從數(shù)到count onupon依靠、依賴指望cover sbsthwith把對準某人；用覆蓋crash tointo猛撞在；猛然倒下、墜落cross over to投到來，投誠crowdwith persons/persons to某處擠滿了人cry for因而叫喊、流淚cry over sth為而流

13、淚、悲傷cure sbof hisn治愈某人某種疾病cut in插嘴；把插進cut off切掉、刪去；切斷；關掉馬達等cut sbto刺穿某人至；傷害某人感情deal with處理、安排；對付、應付debate about sth爭論某事deceive sbintoving（phr）騙某人去做decide againstving（phr）下決心不做decide on決定、選定declare（）for（on）against表態(tài)支持或反對decoratewith sth用裝飾、裝潢dedicate sthto把力量、時間等用在defend sbfrom保護某人以免deliver sbfrom從解救

14、某人deliver sthto sb把交付給某人demand sthoffrom sb要求某人depend onupon（for）（為）而依靠、依賴deposit sthwith sb把寄放在某人處deprive sbof sth奪去、剝奪某人的derive（）from（從）取得；由而來design sthfor為指定、預定design sbfor打算讓某人從事despair of喪失信心detect sbin（ving）察覺某人在（做）devote sthto（ving）把專用于（去做）dictate（sth） to sb向某人口述（）die offrom死于疾病等die for為而死die

15、 awayoutdown變?nèi)?；平息；消失等differ from sth和有區(qū)別、差別；和不同differ from sbonabout sth在與某人意見不同dig at sth苦學 ；苦干dig for sth搜集dig out sth掘出、挖掉dilute sthwith sth用把沖淡、稀釋direct sbto指引、指導某人到disarm sbof sth解除、繳下某人的discharge sbfrom免除某人的；允許某人離開discourage sbfromving（phr）勸阻某人做discredit sbwith使某人在喪失信譽discuss sthwith sb與某人討論di

16、sguise oneself byv-ing（phr）通過做掩飾自己dismiss sbfrom開除、解除某人的dismiss sthfrom從消除dispute withagainst sbonabout sth同某人爭論、辯論dissent from不同意；和某人（意見）不一致distinguish sthfrom sth識別和distribute sthto sb把分給某人distribute sthover sth把散布于divideinto把分成dividefrom把從隔離開divide sthwith sb和某人共同承擔do away with廢除、去掉；弄死、干掉do for s

17、th照管（應）；設法弄到；代替do sbdown勝過某人do with sb與某人相處doubt aboutof sth對懷疑drag sbinto把某人拖進drain sthawayoff排去的水或其他液體draw away拉開、離開draw off脫去手套等；排去多余的水；撤退draw to向移動；逼近draw with追上dream ofabout sth夢到（見）dream ofving（phr）渴望、向往做dream awayoutthrough因空想而虛度時間等drink sthoffupdown把一飲而盡drive away at sth努力做driveinto把迫使、驅(qū)使到dr

18、op awayoff（一個一個地）離去；逐漸減少drop in on sb順便走訪某人dwell atin留居、寓于dwell onupon細想、詳細講述ease sbof hisn消除某人ease offup 減輕、放松eat away sth繼續(xù)吃下去；把蠶食掉eat up把吃完；耗盡；吞滅elect sbto推選某人到某崗位eliminate sthfrom從把排除掉、排出emerge from從出現(xiàn)、形成empty sthof sth把從排空、倒空end in以為結(jié)果end off結(jié)束end up bywith最后以結(jié)束endure to堅持到、忍耐到enforce sthon/upo

19、nfrom sb強迫某人enlarge onupon詳述ensure sbfrom/against sth保護某人免受ensure tofor sbsth保證給某人、賦予某人enter sbatfor把某人送進；使某人參加entertain sbtowith款待某人；以招待某人entreat sthof sb懇求某人equipfor為裝備equip sthwith用裝備escape from從逃跑、逃脫；從漏出、流出estimate for對估價、估計evolve sthfrom sth由推論出、引申出evolve from由演化、進化而來examine sbin考查某人的examine in

20、to調(diào)查、細查exceed in在領先exchange sthfor sth把換成exchange sthwith sb與某人交換exclude sbfrom拒絕某人加入、進入excuss oneself for hisn為自己的辯解excuss sbforving（phr）原諒某人做excuss sbfrom給某人免去exert sthon sb對某人施加exist on靠生存、生活expectn of sb對某人寄予期望expel sbfrom從驅(qū)逐、開除某人experiment onupon用做實驗experiment with試驗explode with爆發(fā)、突發(fā)explore for

21、考察、勘探expose sbto使某人面臨extend sth to sb向某人致以；向某人提供extract sthfrom從中取出、抽出、榨出face up to勇敢地對付fail inving（phr）在（做）失敗fall in with同意fall off下降；變壞；離開，叛離fall out爭吵；結(jié)果如何；離隊fall out of放棄習慣等fasten sthonupon sb把罪名等強加于某人favour sbwith sth賜與、給與某人fear for sth為某人的擔憂feed on sth以為食物、為能源feed sthto用喂feedwith向供給feel for sb

22、/sth同情某人；摸索找某物feel likeving（phr）想要做fight againstwith向斗爭fight off擊退；竭力避免fight with與戰(zhàn)斗、斗爭figure onving（phr）打算、計劃做figure on one'sving（phr）指望某人做figure out at合計為多少錢fill（sth）with用（把）填滿、裝滿find sthfor sb為某人找find out找出、發(fā)現(xiàn)；查明真相等finish up with以結(jié)束；最后有fit sbto 使某人適應fit in with適合、符合；適應fix sthonupon傾注感情于；集中注意力

23、于flare outup閃亮；突然發(fā)怒flow from來自；是結(jié)果fly into突發(fā)、忽發(fā)fly up to向上飛到fold aboutround交疊、合攏fold up垮掉；放棄；倒閉fold up into折疊起來成follow out貫徹、執(zhí)行；把探究到底follow up把探究到底follow up sthwith用繼續(xù)行動等加強的效果fool sbintoving（phr）哄騙某人做fool sbout of sth詐騙某人的force sbintoving（phr）強迫某人做forgive sbforving（phr）原諒某人做的事frighten sbinto/out ofv

24、ing（phr）使某人嚇得做（不做）furnish sbwith sthsthto sb給某人提供fuss about瞎忙于gain onupon跑得比快；超過gain sbover把某人爭取到自己一邊gasp afterfor熱望、渴望gaze atonuponinto凝視、注視、盯著gat alongon過活，生活get along with和某人相處get away逃脫、離開get away with僥幸做成；僥幸取走get down on對產(chǎn)生惡感；開始不喜歡get down to開始認真對待、考慮get off脫衣服等；下車等；使動身；使開始get on穿衣服等；上車等get on

25、for接近于get on to識破某人或某人的get through with完成；花光錢財?shù)萭et to 到達get up起床；使起立；登上gift sbwith sthsthto sb贈送給某人give off發(fā)出蒸氣、光等give sthto sb給某人give up放棄；停止；拋棄give up sthto sb把讓給某人glance atover粗略地看一下；對一瞥glare aton對瞪眼，對怒目注視glimpse at瞥見go abouttov（phr）著手干go against違反、反對；不利用go back onuponfrom違背；背叛go by走過；依照、按照判斷go f

26、or為去（請、找）；被認為go in at痛打；猛烈攻擊go in for從事于；酷愛、追求go off with拿去，掄去、拐走go on繼續(xù)下去（某種行為）；發(fā)生、進行go over對潤色；再讀一遍go with和一起去；與持同一種意見graduate atfrom從何處、何系畢業(yè)grasp at向抓去；想抓住grind sthinto把磨成（得）grow on（習慣、感情等）加深對影響grow out of產(chǎn)生自；變得不適合于grow up（into）成長為guarantee sbagainstfrom確保某人免于grard against 警惕guess atthatcl推測出guid

27、e sbto帶領某人到gulp down一口吞下；忍住、抑制住hand down把傳下來hand in把交進、交上handle with（用手）搬運時要hang on to緊緊握住hang over掛在上；靠近在上hang up把掛起來；掛電話happen to某人某物出了事happe onupon sb巧遇、偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)某人hasten sthto火速將送到、調(diào)到hasten to趕到have sbdowninup把某人請來、請進做客（down：從城市請到鄉(xiāng)下，up：從鄉(xiāng)下請到城內(nèi)）hear from接到某人的信hear ofabout聽說hear sbout聽某人把話講完help sbwith

28、在幫助某人help sboff（on）with幫某人脫去（穿上）help sbout幫某人解決難題等hesitate aboutving（phr）對做猶豫不決hesitate at對某事猶豫hide sthfrom sb對某人隱瞞hinder sbfromving（phr）阻止、阻礙某人做hinder sbin妨礙某人的hint at對別人暗示hire onout接受雇用hit off with適合于hit out against sth打擊的行為等hit out at sb向某人打去；抨擊某人hit sbup for請求某人hold back躊躇；阻止；隱瞞消息等hold down壓制；縮減

29、；牽制hold in約束；抑制hold off不接近，拖延；不使接近hold out against對不退讓hold out for為堅持住hold out till堅持到時刻hold sthover將延遲hurry awayoff匆忙離去hurry up趕緊identify oneself with參加到中間去identify sth with認為和一致idle aboutalong閑逛，無所事事idle away虛度時間、年華等illustrate sthwith用圖來說明immigrate into移民到immunize sbagainst使某人對有免疫力impel sbto促使、推動某

30、人至程度implore sbfor sth為懇求某人import sthfrom從進口importune sbfor sth向某人強求impress upon sbsth給某人在留下強烈印象impress sbwith給某人留下印象incline to傾向于increase in增加、提高indispose sbfor使某人不能、不適應于indispose sb to使某人不愿、厭惡infectwith sth傳染上、感染上infer sthfrom由推論出inform sbof sth通知、告知某人infuse sthinto sb/sth賦于某種東西infuse sthwith向注入inh

31、ibit sbfromving（phr）禁止某人做initiate sbinto使某人對入門；使某人加入inject sthinto把注射到innovate in/onupon在變革、創(chuàng)新inoculate sbagainst給某人注射疫苗inquire after問起某人的生活等情況inquire for詢問地點等inquire of sbabout sth問某人insert sthin/into把插入；登載廣告等insist onupon堅持；堅決主張inspire sbto激勵、激起某人到程度inspire sbwith 鼓起某人的insureagainst 給保險integratewi

32、th使和結(jié)合integrate sthinto使并入interact on相互作用、影響（于）interest sbin sth使某人對感興趣interfere with打擾某人；與某事沖突、抵觸intimidate sbintoving（phr）脅迫某人做introduce sthinto把引進、輸入introduce sbto把某人引薦給invest in投資于investigate into對進行調(diào)查invite sbto邀請某人到invite sthfrom sb征求某人的isolatefrom把從隔離開issue from從流出issue in造成、導致join in參加join s

33、thto把和連結(jié)起來join sthwith使和結(jié)合、連結(jié)judge byfrom以判斷judge of對作評價jump at看到時緊張、吃驚、喜悅而躍起jump for為（因）而跳躍jump from to突然從一話題躍到另一話題keep at堅持做；不停地做keep away站開；使離開keepfrom（ving）阻止、抑制做keep sthfrom sb對某人隱瞞keepin把抑制??；隱瞞keep in with不斷討好 ；繼續(xù)和相好keep off不（使）接近；把驅(qū)開keep on at糾纏、困擾某人；使某人煩惱keep onving（phr）繼續(xù)做、進行下去keep out of使置

34、身于之外keep up with 跟上、趕上kick againstat反對、抗議；對發(fā)牢騷kill off消滅、殺光kneel beforedownto跪下，跪著knit sthinto把編成、編入knock down把擊倒、擊落；使屈服knock down for要求某人knock（）off把打倒、擊落knock under to向屈服knock up against同沖突；偶然碰見know about/of知道、了解、懂得；聽說knowfrom區(qū)分和lag behind落后于landat把送到；使到達land up at在歇腳last out 堅持；耐久laugh at因發(fā)笑；嘲笑某人l

35、augh away用笑來驅(qū)除煩惱等laugh down用笑聲打斷l(xiāng)augh over笑著談論launch sthagainst sb對某人發(fā)出命令、威脅等launch into投入launch onupon著手進行、開始launch sbininto使某人進入lay aside把放在一邊；把留在以后用lay down放下；交出；規(guī)定、制定lay off（ving）把擱在一邊；放棄（做）lay on加（懲罰、命令）于；猛攻lay on for為組織、安排lay out擺開，展示；安排、設置lay to把（功、過）歸于lead to導致、引起lead（from）to（從）把引到lead sbont

36、o v（phr）誘使某人做lead up to漸漸引到某個話題leap fromto從跳到leap to迅速、立即做出leapover使躍過leap with因跳、躍learn from向?qū)W習learn of聽說、聽到leavealone不管、不理；不要動leavebehind留下、忘了帶；把丟在后面leave off（ving）停止（做）leave out省去、略去 ；不考慮leave over留下、剩下；使延期leave sth（up）to sb把交付于某人leave sthwith sb把交給某人lendto把交給lend oneself to幫助；屈從let（）down放下、放低；使失

37、望let in讓進來；招致禍害等let sbin for使某人遭到let sbinto讓某人進入；讓某人知道letoff放掉蒸氣等；對從輕處罰let on to向泄露秘密等lie about sthto sb就對某人撒謊lie onupon依賴；壓迫lie sbout of sth從某人處騙取lie under受到、蒙受light up點燃；照亮；使變亮limitto把限定在line up排隊link sthwith把和結(jié)合起來link up with與連接起來、聯(lián)系著listen in to收聽、監(jiān)聽listen to留神聽live by靠生活live off住在之外；靠供養(yǎng)live on以

38、為主食；繼續(xù)活著live through度過、經(jīng)受住live up to實踐誓言等；做到；與相等live with sb與某人同居；和住在一起lock sbinout把某人鎖在內(nèi)或外lock sthaway把鎖藏起來look after關心、照料look at看、查看；考慮、著眼于look back toup回顧look down on/upon看不起look for尋找；期待look forward toving盼望（做）look in（on sb）順便去看（某人）look on sbwith以看待某人look on with sb和某人合讀、合看look out（for）留心、當心、提防l

39、ook through看穿look to照管、看管；留心、注意magnify oneself against sb抬高自己而反對某人make away離去、逃去make away with攜而逃；摧毀；浪費make do with用設法對付；湊合著用make for有利于；傾向于；沖向make fromof用制造（from為原材料）make in干涉別人；加入紛爭make into把制成；使轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閙ake off with攜而逃make out書寫、填寫；把說成make up補償、賠償；配制；組成make up with sb和某人和解make with作出、產(chǎn)生；用（手、眼等）做動作mana

40、ge with/without有、沒有幫助能處理manufacture sthfrominto用制成matchagainstwith使與較量、比賽mature into成長為measure up to符合、達到meet up with偶爾碰見meet with遇見、碰見；遭受mention to sbthatcl對某人講起mistakefor把錯認為mix sthwith sth用和混合在一起mix up攪勻、攪和；混淆motion to sbto-v（phr）向某人示意做move off離去、走掉move to搬家、遷移到nod sb向某人點頭示意notify sbof sth將通知某人ob

41、ject tosthving（phr）反對（做）obstruct sbin/fromv-ing（phr）阻撓某人做occupy oneself with sthinving（phr）某人正忙于（做）occur to sb某人想到open intoononto 通往、通向open out打開、展開；開發(fā)；表明open to sb某人看見了；展現(xiàn)在operate onupon sbfor對某人的某疾病開刀operate（sb）on為某人某部位動手術operate to對起作用opposeto使和相對抗；用反對overflow with充滿了，洋溢著oweto sb欠某人的；把歸功于某人owe sb

42、for因為而欠某人（的）own toving（phr）承認做了own up to爽快地承認pack sboff 叫某人卷鋪蓋、解雇某人pack with某地方擠滿了人；塞滿了東西parallelwith把與比較pardon sbforving（phr）因做請某人原諒part fromwith sb同某人分手、告別part with sth使與分離、分開participate in參加、參與participate with sbin與某人分享、分擔pass sthon sb對某人提出批評、宣布判刑pass sthto sb把傳給某人pass through穿過、經(jīng)過pause on在某方面、某點

43、停止（暫停）pay down用現(xiàn)金支付pay for償還；受到報應pay off付清某人的工資、債務等pay sthto sb向某人表示問候；訪問某人等permit of容許某事persuade sbintoving（phr）說服某人做persuade sbout of sth勸某人取消persuade sb to sth勸某人使其同意phone（sth）to sb給某人打電話（告訴他）pick out挑出、選出；區(qū)別出；領會pick over在挑選；分檔挑選出pick up拾起、撿起；偶然獲得知識、信息等pick up on與熟悉起來place sthonin sb對某人寄予希望、信任pla

44、n onving（phr）打算做play along with參與；與合作play at做游戲；參加比賽等；做事敷衍了事play at sbin sth用和某人開玩笑、嘲弄某人等play out把戲演完、比賽進行到底play onupon不擇手段地利用play upon to在演戲中和配合得好；迎合plug in把塞子、插頭塞入、插進point/attotowards指著、指向、面向、暗示point out指出possess sbof sth使某人占有、具有postover with在上面貼滿了pour out涌出；傾吐、訴說practise at開業(yè)做（醫(yī)生、律師等）practise in練

45、習practise uponon欺騙某人；利用某人的缺點等praise sbfor sth某人因而受到贊揚等pray for sb為某人祈禱pray for sth請求某人的pray sbfor sth向某人懇求某事precede sthbywith為加上前言、引言prepare for為準備prepare sbfor sth使某人對有所準備prepare sthfor sth為準備、預備prescribe forto給命令、指示；為開處方present sbto sb引見某人見present sbto sbsbwith sth送某人preside at/over主持會議等press（sb）

46、for強迫某人press（sth）on sb把強加于某人prevail onuponwith sbving（phr）勸說、說服、誘使某人做prevail over勝過prevent sbfromving（phr）阻止某人做print sthon使牢記在proceed against sbfor sth為而對某人起訴proceed from從開始、著手；出自于profit by/from從中得益；利用prohibit sbfromving（phr）禁止、阻止某人做pronounce on對發(fā)表意見pronounceon sb宜判某人propose to sb向某人求婚protectfrom保護以

47、免provide for為而準備；為提供生計provide sthfor為提供provide sthwith為裝備provoke sbintoving（phr）激起、惹得某人pull about把拖來拖去；粗暴地對待pull away脫身、離開pull down拉倒；摧毀；使精神不振pull off脫衣等；努力實現(xiàn)pull out拔出；撤走；渡過難關等pull sbthrough使某人渡過困難、危機等pull sthon sb拔出刀、槍等對著某人pump sbfor sthsthout of sb從某人處探出purchasewith用鮮血、犧牲、生命換得push around把推來推去；煩擾、欺侮push on to努力向推進、前進push on with加緊于工作、學習等push sbon促使某人繼續(xù)做下去push sb over把某人推倒put about使轉(zhuǎn)向；散布；麻煩put aside把放在一邊；儲存以備后用putby把