小學(xué)英語(yǔ)常見時(shí)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

1、 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本概念一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)。常見的標(biāo)志詞（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）主要有：every, sometimes, at, on Sundays, uauslly often, never, always等。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ) + Be動(dòng)詞 + 其他成分I am a boy.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ) + 行為動(dòng)詞 + 其他成分We study English.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的具體形式be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. 第一人稱單數(shù)I+amI am a student. 2. 第二人稱單數(shù)you和其他人稱復(fù)數(shù)we/you/th

2、ey+areYou are a lucky girl.We are students in this school.3. 第三人稱單數(shù)he/she/it+isShe is my teacher.例題：用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. I from China. 2. It very hot today.3. They in the hospital.4. We good students.5. She a beautiful girl.答案：1. am，主語(yǔ)是第一人稱單數(shù)形式。2. is，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)形式。3. are，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。4. are，主語(yǔ)是第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。5. i

3、s，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)形式。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. 第一、二人稱單數(shù)I/you和其他人稱復(fù)數(shù)we/you/they+動(dòng)詞原形I get up at 8 oclock.They go to school everyday.2. 第三人稱單數(shù)he/she/it+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式It runs fast.He studies hard.例題：用說給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. We home every day.（go）2. Trees green in spring.（turn）3. He very hard.（study）4. The boy up at seven O'clock

4、.（get）5. The earth round the sun.（move）答案：1. go，句子主語(yǔ)we為第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式。2. turn，trees為名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞用原形。3. studies，主語(yǔ)he為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞需要加s，且study為特殊變化，需要去y變i加es。4. gets，句子中主語(yǔ)the boy為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞需要加s。5. moves，the earth作為世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物，在句子中做主語(yǔ)時(shí)需要當(dāng)成第三人稱單數(shù)形式。補(bǔ)充：主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則：狀況變化規(guī)則發(fā)音例詞一般情況加-s清輔音后讀【s】濁輔音和元音后讀【/】swim-

5、swims；help-helps；like- likes以o結(jié)尾的詞加 -es讀【z】go-goes；do-does以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的詞 加 -es 讀【iz】watches以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y 為i再加es 讀【z】study-studies不規(guī)則變化動(dòng)詞變have 為 has 變be為am, is, arehave-has be-am, is, are一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型變化be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)肯定句He is a worker. 否定句主語(yǔ) + be動(dòng)詞 + not + 其他He is not a worker. 一般疑問句Be動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 其他-Is he a wor

6、ker？ -Yes, he is. / No, he is not. 特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句 Where is he？ 例題：寫出下列句子中所缺的be動(dòng)詞，并用肯定及否定形式回答。1. - your father a teacher?-Yes, . No, .2. - they in the room?-Yes, . No, .答案：1. -Is your father a teacher?-Yes, he is. No, he isnt.2. -Are they in the room?-Yes, they are. No, they arent.寫出下列句子的否定句。1. I

7、 am at home.2. Mr. Li is a professor.答案：1. I am not at home.2. Mr. Li is not a professor.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)肯定句I like bread.He often plays.否定句主語(yǔ)+dont/doesnt+動(dòng)詞原形I dont like bread. He doesnt often play. 一般疑問句Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形Do you like bread? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.Does he often play?Yes, he does. / No, he do

8、esnt.特殊疑問句疑問詞+一般疑問句What do you like?Where does he often play?例題：將下列句子改寫為否定句。1. I have lunch at school.2. They play basketball on the playground.3. Mr. Zhang knows French.答案：1. I dont have lunch at school.主語(yǔ)為第一人稱單數(shù)形式，直接在動(dòng)詞前加dont。2. They dont play basketball on the playground.主語(yǔ)為第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式，直接在動(dòng)詞前加dont。3

9、. Mr. Zhang doesnt know French.主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，在肯定句中動(dòng)詞需要加s，變?yōu)榉穸ň浜?，在?dòng)詞前加doesnt，動(dòng)詞用原形。注：特殊疑問句在疑問句部分進(jìn)行練習(xí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法1 表示人或物的特征He is a doctor.The dog is white and black.2. 表示習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，常與always, often, usauylly, seldom, everyday, sometimes, weekends，Mondays等表示時(shí)間與頻率的詞連用。I leave home at 6 oclock everyday.Tom a

10、lways play football after school.We usually go to school by bus on Tuesdays.3. 表示永恒不變的事實(shí)或真理Beijing is the capital of China.The snow is white.例題：用說給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He (have) blue eyes.2. We (go) to school everyday.3. We (have) no classes on weekends.4. She (write) a letter to her friend once a week.5. T

11、om (ride) a bike to school.6. Peter and Mary often (play) badminton together.7. Practice (make) perfect.答案：1. Has，主語(yǔ)第三人稱單數(shù)，表示人物的的特征，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2. Go，表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，主語(yǔ)為第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞用原形。3. Have，表示習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，主語(yǔ)為第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞用原形。4. Writes，表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞需要加s。5. Rides，表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞需要加s。6. Play，Peter和Mary

12、兩個(gè)人共同作主語(yǔ)，且句子中有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)間詞often，動(dòng)詞用原形。7. Makes，表示真理用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，熟能生巧作為人們認(rèn)可的普遍真理，所以本句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，名詞Practice作主語(yǔ)，作為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，動(dòng)詞加s。一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本概念一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall（第一人稱），will（第二、三人稱）+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ) + will/ shall + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他部分 We shall play this afternoon. He will have a lesson

13、after lunch.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的具體形式第一人稱I/ we + shall + 動(dòng)詞原形I shall be school in 10 minutes.We shall go to Beijing for our summer holiday.其他人稱單復(fù)數(shù)+will+動(dòng)詞原形Tom will go swimming tomorrow.You will get well soon.They will come back this afternoon.例題：用說給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. I (go) to the USA tomorrow.2. We (visit) her new wee

14、k.3. The pilot (fly) to China the month after the next.4. It (take) us a long time to learn English well.5. He (be) there at seven tomorrow morning.答案：1. will go/ shall go，主語(yǔ)為第一人稱單數(shù)，tomorrow作為將來(lái)時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，所以本題時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)。2. will visit/ shall visit，主語(yǔ)為第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)， next week作為一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間詞，本題時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)。3. will fly，主語(yǔ)the

15、 pilot為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，但一般將來(lái)時(shí)不用區(qū)分人稱，并且the month after the next譯為下個(gè)月，所以時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)。4. will take，本題沒有明顯的時(shí)間詞，但通過句意可以看出學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)將要用很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，所以時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)。5. will be，通過tomorrow morning可以看出本題時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)不區(qū)分人稱，但will后應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形，所以答案為will be一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句型變化肯定句They will go to park this Sunday.否定句主語(yǔ)+will+not+動(dòng)詞原形They will not go to park

16、this Sunday.一般疑問句Will+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形-Will they go to park this Sunday?-Yes, they will. / No, they will not.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句Where will they go this Sunday?例題：按要求改寫句子。Sam will move into new house next year.1. .（改寫為否定句）2. ?（改寫為一般疑問句）3. ?（改寫為特殊疑問句）答案：1. Sam will not move into new house next year.2. Will Sam mo

17、ve into new house next year?3. When will Sam move into new house?注釋：改寫為特殊疑問句時(shí)，可根據(jù)句子的不同部分進(jìn)行改寫。Sam will move into new house next year. Who will move into new house next year? Sam will move into new house next year.Where will Sam move into next year?Sam will move into new house next year.When will Sam

18、move into new house?一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法1. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。I will(shall) get there tomorrow. Will you be free next weekend? We wont (shant) be busy this evening. 2. 在以第一人稱I或we作主語(yǔ)的問句中，一般使用shall，這時(shí)或是征求對(duì)方的意見，或是詢問一個(gè)情況Where shall we have a meeting? Shall we have computer class tomorrow?3. be going to +動(dòng)詞原形，這個(gè)形式常用于

19、表示打算，計(jì)劃和安排好的事情We are going to have a trip next year.How are you going to spend your weekend?例題：選擇正確的答案。( ) 1. He very busy this week, he free next week. A. will be, is B. is, is C. will be, will be D. is, will be( ) 2. There a meeting tomorrow.A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to b

20、e( ) 3. -Where is the paper? -I it for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 4. He him a beautiful bag next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to give( ) 5. He in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back答案：1. D，本題 有兩

21、個(gè)時(shí)間詞this week和next week，前半句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，說明的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，后半句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，說明下一周的情況。2. B，will和be going to都可用來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)，但be going to含有計(jì)劃好、安排好的意思，因此，本題答案為is going to have 。3. D，本題需要根據(jù)句意進(jìn)行選擇，目前沒有紙，需要去拿，從時(shí)間上對(duì)于現(xiàn)在一定是之后做的，因此，應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。4. D，從句以上年理解，下一個(gè)生日要送的禮物，一定是計(jì)劃好的，因此，用be going to 的表達(dá)更為合理。5. C，in three days譯為三天后，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該采用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，同時(shí)，從所給

22、的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)上看，只有C選擇的形式是正確的?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本概念表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或事情?！罢谶M(jìn)行時(shí)”的事件，可能發(fā)生幾年了，也可能只有幾分鐘。仍在進(jìn)行中這是“正在進(jìn)行時(shí)”的關(guān)鍵所在。它是一件持續(xù)進(jìn)行的事情。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ) + be動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞ingHe is swimming.They are playing.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的具體形式第一人稱單數(shù)I +am+動(dòng)詞ingI am reading a story book.I am practing.第二人稱單數(shù)you/ 各人稱復(fù)數(shù)we/ you/ they+are+動(dòng)詞ingThey are doing homework

23、.We are playing games.第三人稱單數(shù)he/ she/ it+is+動(dòng)詞ingHe is cleaning the house.Tom is playing basketball.例題：將下列句子改成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. Tom can speak Japanese.2. We have lessons. 3. I watch TV every day. 4. She works in a factory.5. Kitty and Ben have lunch at about twelve. 答案：1. Tom is speaking Japanese.2. We are hav

24、ing lessons.3. I am watching TV now.4. She is working in a factory.5. Kitty and Ben are having lunch now.注釋：1. 在改寫句子的過程中，首先需要根據(jù)每句話的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)確定be應(yīng)該采用的形式，加在主語(yǔ)的后面，然后找出句子中的動(dòng)詞，將動(dòng)詞改寫為動(dòng)詞ing形式，最后將所給句子的時(shí)間詞改寫為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間詞。牢記現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞ing形式。2. 動(dòng)詞ing變化規(guī)則形式例詞直接+ ingsleep+ing-sleeping去掉不發(fā)音的e+ingbite-e+ing-biti

25、ng重讀閉音節(jié)，且末尾只有1個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫輔音字母+ingsit+ t+ing sitting特殊變化die-dying, lie-lying 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句型變化肯定句Boys are playing football on the grass.否定句主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞ingBoys are not playing football on the grass.一般疑問句Be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ingAre boys playing football on the grass?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句Where are boys playing football?例題：按要求改

26、寫句子。1. Lee is swimming in the sea. .（改寫為否定句） ?（改寫為一般疑問句） ?（改寫為特殊疑問句）答案：Lee is not swimming in the sea.Is Lee swimming in the sea?Where is Lee swimming?2. They are having English class. .（改寫為否定句） ?（改寫為一般疑問句） ?（改寫為特殊疑問句）答案：They are not having English class.Are they having English class?What are they d

27、oing?一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法1. 表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情（說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）My father is reading newspaper now.Look! Girls are singing and dancing.2. 表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行）We are learning computer this month.They are writing fairy tales this term.選擇填空。1. She is _ (run, running) now.2. Look, Nick is _ (coming, come).3. Listen, she is

28、 _ (singing, sing).4. The fish is _ (swimming, swim) in the river.5. They are _ (sitting, sit) in the classroom.答案：1. running，now為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志。2. coming，look為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志。3. singing，listen為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志。4. swimming，從題目中找不出現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志，但根據(jù)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)可以知道應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。5. sitting，從題目中找不出現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志，但根據(jù)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)可以知道應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)

29、行時(shí)。一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)的基本概念一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過去時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)主語(yǔ) + be動(dòng)詞過去式 + 其他成分She was in Beijing last year.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)主語(yǔ) + 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去式 + 其他成分We went to school yesterday.一般過去時(shí)的具體形式Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)第一人稱I / 第三人稱單數(shù)he/ she/ it+wasHe was a teacher.第二人稱單數(shù)you / 各人稱復(fù)數(shù)we/ you/ they+wereYou w

30、ere the best students in our class.They were late the day before yesterday.例題：用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I at school just now.2. He at the summer camp last week.3. They students two years ago.4. Liming ten years old last year.5. There a pear on the desk yesterday.答案：1. Was，主語(yǔ)為第一人稱單數(shù)，將am變?yōu)檫^去式was2. Was，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，

31、將is變?yōu)檫^去式was3. Were，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，將are變?yōu)檫^去是were4. Was，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，將is變?yōu)檫^去式was5. Was，there be句型中根據(jù)橫線后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，a pear為單數(shù)形式，將is變?yōu)檫^去式was實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)各人稱單/ 復(fù)數(shù)+動(dòng)詞的過去式We visited my grandparents last week.My mother gave me a new pen.例題：用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. He (live) in Beijing 3 years ago.2. The dog (eat) a bird last night.3.

32、 We (have) a party last year.4. I (make) a model plane with my father yesterday.5. They (play) the piano last night.6. His father (read) a newspaper last night.答案：1. Lived，3 years ago作為一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞，說明本句應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)，live為特殊變化，需要加d變?yōu)閘ived2. Ate，時(shí)間詞last night說明本句應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)進(jìn)行表達(dá)，eat為不規(guī)則變化，應(yīng)變?yōu)閍te3. Had，時(shí)間詞last y

33、ear說明本句應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)進(jìn)行表達(dá)，應(yīng)把have變?yōu)閔ad。4. Made，yesterday作為一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間詞，因此，在句子中應(yīng)把make變?yōu)閙ade。5. Played，last night作為一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間詞，應(yīng)在所給詞play后加ed，變?yōu)檫^去式played6. Read，read的變化形式較為特殊，過去式與原形同形，但在讀音上應(yīng)讀成red。注：一般過去式變化規(guī)則：規(guī)則變化：動(dòng)詞詞尾加edwork-worked，play-played以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-dlive-lived，move-moved以輔音字+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y變?yōu)?i再加-edstudy-s

34、tudied，try-tried以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加-edstop-stopped，plan-planned不規(guī)則變化go-went，make-made，buy-bought，come-came，fly-flew一般過去時(shí)的句型變化Be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)肯定句He was very busy yesterday.否定句主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞過去式+not+其他成分He was not very busy yesterday.一般疑問句be動(dòng)詞過去式+主語(yǔ)+其他成分Was he very busy yesterday?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句Why was h

35、e very busy yesterday?例題：句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. It was boring.否定句 一般疑問句 肯定回答，否定回答 特殊疑問句 2. They were very excited yesterday.否定句 一般疑問句 肯定回答，否定回答 特殊疑問句 答案1. It was not boring.Was it boring?Yes, it was. No, it wasnt.Why was it boring?2. They were not very excited yesterday.Were they very excited yesterday?Yes, they w

36、ere. No, they werent.Why were they very excited yesterday?實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)肯定句He had a new car.否定句主語(yǔ)+did+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分He did not have a new car.一般疑問句Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分Did he have a new car?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句What did he have?例題：句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. They sang songs in the classroom last night.否定句 一般疑問句 肯定回答，否定回答 特殊疑問句 2. Sar

37、a went to see her grandparents last week.否定句 一般疑問句 肯定回答，否定回答 特殊疑問句 答案：1. They did not sing songs in the classroom last night.Did they sing songs in the classroom last night?Yes, they did. NO, they didnt.Where did they sing songs last night?2. Sara did not go to see her grandparents last week.Did Sara go to see her grandparents last week?Yes, she did. No, she didnt.When did Sara go to see her grandparents.注：在一般過去時(shí)的否定句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句中，需要將過去式變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞原形。一般過去時(shí)