初中英語語法精編(中考復(fù)習(xí)必備)

1、初中英語語法精編（中考復(fù)習(xí)必備）一.名詞I.名詞的種類：專啟名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu) 名稱可數(shù)名詞不口數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞II.名詞的數(shù)：1 .規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es現(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下:規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, s以尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leav

2、es, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives詞加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以輔首字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以兀音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié) 尾的，力口-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys以輔音字母加-o 結(jié)尾的

3、名詞TO口 -eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes6不少外來詞加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以兀音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months,

4、path-paths,2 .不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下:規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的兀音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,3r只有復(fù)數(shù)形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, ccntents4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people, police, cat

5、tle, staff5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作 復(fù)數(shù)（成員）audience, class, famicrowd, couple, group, committee, governm population, crewteam, public, enemyartyent,6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs 誨關(guān)），forces隹隊(duì)），times時(shí)代），spirits情緒），drinks做 料）,sands 沙灘），papers衣件報(bào)紙），manner峽 L 貌），100ks（外 士），brains/腦智力），green畸菜），ruins廢墟）表不 “杲國 人”加-sAmeric

6、ans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans7單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man 或-woman 結(jié)尾 的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen合成名 詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law, lookers-on, passerssbyry-tellers, boy friends8無主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)women singers, men se

7、rvantsIII.名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前 者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。1.所有格的構(gòu)成：單數(shù)名詞在末尾加sthe boy s father, Jack s bookawer sophoto,復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother,不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加Sthe children s toys, women s rights,以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加或者Dickens novels, Charles s job, theusmit

8、hs表示各自的所有美系時(shí)各名詞末尾均須加sJapan s and America s problems, Jane s and Mary s bikes表示共有的所有美系時(shí)在最舟-詞末加SJapan and America s problems, Jane and Mary s father表示U某人家店鋪，所有格后名詞省略thedoctor s, the barber s, the tailor s, my uncle s初中英語語法精編（中考復(fù)習(xí)必備）2.所有格的用法：1表小時(shí)間today s newspaper, five weeks holiday2表示自然現(xiàn)象the earth s

9、atmosphere, the tree s branches3表示國家城市等地方的名詞the country s plan, the world s population, China s induistry4表示工作群體the ship smaewity, theifeeam s victory5表示度量衡及價(jià)值a mile s jo,ufiveydollars worth of apples6與人類活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系的名詞the life s time, the play s plot7某些固定詞組a bird s eyea/sStwne ,sathoow s wi芥知所措r)d(3. of

10、所有格的用法：用于無生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時(shí)：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed二.冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an,定冠詞（the）,和零冠詞。I.不定冠詞的用法：1指,類人或事,相當(dāng)于 a kind ofA plane is a machine that can flye2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表小 竄

11、- 相當(dāng)于 every, oneWe study eight hours a d ay4Wtk 相同相the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有 類似性質(zhì)的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定詞組中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a h hrrye a walk, many a tim7用丁 quite, rather, manhalf, what,

12、 suc比后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+谷詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II.定冠詞的用法：1表示某一類人或物The horse is a useful animal.nch2用于世上獨(dú)f二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于樂器前面play the violin, play the

13、guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”the Greens, the angs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前He is the taller of the two children.8用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the Fre9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代in the 1

14、990 s11用于表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時(shí)間的詞組前He patted me on the shoulder.III.零冠詞的用法:1專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前Beijing University Jack, China, love, air2名詞前后 this, my whose, some, no, each, every!制I want this book, not that one.Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sun

15、dayNational Dayspring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5學(xué)科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6;與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.三.代詞：I.代詞可以分為以下七大類：1 / 16初中英語語法精編（中

16、考復(fù)習(xí)必備）1人稱 代詞主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主 代詞形容詞性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some5疑

17、問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代詞one/ some/ an yeach/ everynone/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ another, all/ both, neither/ eitherII.不定代詞用法注意點(diǎn)：1. one, som藥 any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復(fù)數(shù)為ones some用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句

18、和否定句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I dono 0kmarksany bI have some questions to ask.2) some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請(qǐng)求等。Would you like some bananas?Could you give me some money?3) some和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)。I have read this article in some magazine.Please

19、correct the mistakes, if. any4) som解口數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級(jí)連用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this schoolDo you feel any better today?2. eachF口 every:each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。Each student has a pocket dictionaEach (of us) has a dictiona/rWe each have a dictionaryEvery stud

20、ent has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.3. non解口 no：no等于not any,作定語。none作主語或賓語，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. othe洋口 another:1) othe

21、港指“另夕卜的，另1J的“常與其他詞連用，如：the other daysvery other week, some other reason, no othe r way the othe特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為the others如：He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) anothe指“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others泛指“別的人或事”如：I don t lik

22、e this shirt, please show me another (one).The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5. all和 both, neither口 eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定，全部否定用neithe環(huán)口 none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not

23、all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.四.形容詞和副詞I.形容詞：I .形容詞的位置：1）形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置:1修飾some, anyevery no和body thing, on繇構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible吉尾的形谷詞可置于后最局級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后the bes

24、t book available, the only solution poss3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleepthe only person awake4和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)a bridge 50 meters long5成對(duì)的形容，可可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容詞短語一般后置a man difficult to get on with2）多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序:代詞數(shù)詞性狀形容詞冠詞前 的形容 詞冠詞指示代詞不定代詞代詞所有格序數(shù) 詞基數(shù)詞性質(zhì) 狀態(tài)大小形狀新舊 溫度顏色國籍 產(chǎn)地材料 質(zhì)地

25、名 詞all both suchthe a this another yoursecond nextone fourbeautiful good poorlarge shortsquarenew coolblack yellowChinese Londonsilk stone3）復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成:1形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名詞+形容詞world-famous2形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking8名詞+過去分詞snow-covered4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)詞+名詞+e

26、dthree-egged5副詞+過去分詞newly-built10數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-yearII .副詞副詞的分類:1時(shí)間副詞soon, nowearly finally; once, recently5頻度副詞always, often, frequentlseldom, never2地點(diǎn)副詞here, nearbyoutside, upwards, above6疑問副詞how, where, when, why3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowlyexcitedly really7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, howeve

27、r, meanwhile4程度副詞almost, nearlyvery fairly, quite, rather8關(guān)系副詞when, where, whyIII .形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)：形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est多音節(jié)和 一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more和most1 .同級(jí)比較時(shí)常常用 as as 以及 not so（as）s I am not so good a player as you are.2 .可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有：much, manya lot, even, far, a bit, a little, s

28、till, yet, by faraanryeat deal3 .表示方隨另方變化時(shí)用 the more the mor的型:如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4 .用比較級(jí)來表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying . day5 .表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)有如下幾種句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is f

29、our times the size of yours.6 .表示“最高程度的形容詞沒有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect五.介詞I.介詞分類:1簡單介詞about, across, after, against, among, around, at, beyond, during, in, on2合成介詞inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without3短語介詞according to, because of, instead of, up

30、 to, due to, owing to, thanks to4雙重介詞from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between5分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞considerin菰而論），including6形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞like, unlike, near, next, oppositeII.常用介詞區(qū)別:1表示時(shí)間的in, on, atat表示片刻的時(shí)間，in表示一段的時(shí)間，on總是與日子有美2表示時(shí)間的since, fromsince指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間，和完成時(shí)連用，from指從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始3表示時(shí)間的in, afteri

31、n指在一段時(shí)間之后，after表示某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后或用在過去時(shí)的一段時(shí)間中4表示地理位直的in, on, toin表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外5:表小在上 的on, inon只表小在某物的表向上，in表小占去某物 郃分6W/K 穿過 的 through, across; throughfev從內(nèi)部通過，與in后關(guān)，acrossfev上通過，與on后關(guān)7Wtk 關(guān)于 的 about, onabout指涉及到，on指專門論述8between among 的區(qū)另Ubetweenfev在兩者之間，among用于二者或二者以上的中間9besides except 的區(qū)另 U

32、besides旨”除了還有再加上“，exceptjf “除了，減去什么，不放在旬首10表不用 的in, withwith表示具體的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，單位，語言，聲音11as與like的區(qū)別as意為“作為，以一地位或身份”，like為“象-一樣”，指情形相似12in與into區(qū)別in通常表小位直（靜態(tài)），into表小動(dòng)向，小表小目的地或位直六.動(dòng)詞I.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：1 .動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一共有16種，以ask為例，將其各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下:現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)ask / asksaskedshall/will askshould/would ask進(jìn)行am/is/are

33、 askingwas/were askingshall/will be askingshould/would be asking完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will have askedshould/would have asked完成進(jìn)行have/has been askinghad been askingshall/will have been askin(j should/would have been asking2 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別:1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，它不能同表

34、示過去的 時(shí)間狀語連用，漢譯英時(shí)可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。簡言之，利用過去，說明現(xiàn)在。如：I have already read the novel written by the world-famous wBteil（過，且了解這本書的內(nèi)容）2 ） 一般過去時(shí)只表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在無關(guān)，它可和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，漢譯英時(shí)可加“過”，“了”等詞。 簡言之，僅談過去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如：I read the novel last month.說明上個(gè)月看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住）I lived in Beijing for ten years.只說明在北京住過十年，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）3 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與

35、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：兩者都可以表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，在含義上如著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí)，多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如著重表示動(dòng)作一直在 進(jìn)行，即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性時(shí)，則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。I have read that book.讀過那本書了。I have been reading that book all the morning.上一直在讀那本書。4 . 一般將來時(shí)的表達(dá)方式:將來時(shí)用法例句1will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)My sister will be ten next year.2be going to動(dòng)詞原

36、形含有“打算，計(jì)戈L即將”做某事，或表示很有 可能要發(fā)生某事It s going to clear up.We re going to have a party tonight.3be + doing進(jìn)仃時(shí)表小 將來go, come, start, move, leave, arriveW 進(jìn)彳丁時(shí) 表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europe?4be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形表示安排或計(jì)劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，后面 一般不跟時(shí)間狀語I was about to leave when the bel

37、l ran The meeting is about to close.5be to +動(dòng)詞原形表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見We re to meet at the school gadtemt6一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來The meeting starts at five oThe plane leaves at ten this evening.clock.II.動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成1;一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are asked6過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being asked2一般過去時(shí)was/were as

38、ked7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been asked3一般將來時(shí)shall/will be asked8過去完成時(shí)had been asked4過去將來時(shí)should/would be asked9將來完成時(shí)will/would have been asked5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being asked10含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的can/must/may be asked注被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not,短語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)be going to, used to, have to, had belt曲被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)。 如

39、：Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如:It is believed thatIt is well known thatIt is reported thatIt is generally considered thatIt -is said that It is supposed thatIt is ho

40、ped that下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing.The door won t shut. / The play wonThe dish tastes delicious. a tWr feels very cold.The book is worth reading twice.Thuclclothes washes well. / The book sells well.-It must be pointed out thatIt must be admitted that下面詞或短語沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)：leave,

41、 enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, loselheart七.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞I.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法否定式疑問式與簡答can能力（體力，智力，技能） 允許或許可（口語中常用）can not / cannot /canCant do ？Y

42、es, can.could可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中）couldn t doNo,can t.maymay not doMaydo ？ s,may可以（1可句中表示相出） 可能，或許（表推測） 祝愿（用于倒裝句中）No,mustn t/can t.mightmight not doMightNo,do兔Y, might not.mightmust必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求） 肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）must not/mustn t d(）Must No, do?es,must.needn t/don t havetohave to只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱 變化）don t

43、 have to doDohave to do?Yes,do.No,don t.ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)（表小義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語中多用shouldought not to/oughtn dototOught Yes, to do ought. No,?oughtn，將要，會(huì)ShallYes, shall用于,二人稱征求對(duì)方忌見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威shall not/shant d(）do？ shall.No, shan t.脅等should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）should not/shouldnShould do ？本該（臺(tái)后責(zé)備意味）will意愿，決心will not/won t

44、 doWill - do ？would請(qǐng)求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉would not/wouldndoes, will. No,won t.dare敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中）dare not/daren t d(）Dare -Yes, do ？ dare. No,daren t.need聿亞必須（常卅十否定句和疑問句中）need not/needn t d(）Need-Yes, do ？ must. No,needn t.used not/usedn t/uUsed- ;enYes, to do ?t to皿 usedNo, use(d)n ?didn t.t.used to過去

45、常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）dodidn t use to doDid Yes, use to do did.No,t.II.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must, maymight, could, canl示推測:以must為仞ijo must + do（b颯推測現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)行；must + be doingft測可能正在進(jìn)行的事情；must +have don星推 測可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情。1. must“肯定，一定”語氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have al

46、ready arrived there.2. ma/口 might “也許”，后者語氣弱，更沒有把握?？捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň洹? / 16初中英語語法精編（中考復(fù)習(xí)必備）He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.3. can could 可能，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can語氣強(qiáng)，用于肯定、否定、疑問句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was so ne推測某事本來可能發(fā)生，但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生）

47、Can he be in the office now? No, he can t be there, for I sawowmlnhe強(qiáng)brayjst 疑問句和否定句中）III.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞注意點(diǎn)：1. can口 be able to:都可以表示能力。但be able tM以表達(dá)“某事終于成功，而can無法表達(dá)此意。Be able toW更多的時(shí)態(tài)。 另外，兩者不能重疊使用。2. used top口 would: used t讀示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣，而would只表示過去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。3. nee麗dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：兩者作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句和疑問句。

48、其形式為：needn t/daren ； N eed/dare - do - ?做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句。其形式為：need（needs/needed）/dare（dares/dared）o, don t（doesn t/didn t）need/dare to do八.非謂語動(dòng)詞I .非謂語動(dòng)詞的分類、意義及構(gòu)成：非謂語形式構(gòu)成特征和作用時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)否定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式to doto be doingto have doneto be doneto have been done在非謂語前加notfor sb. to do sth.具有名詞，副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做主、賓、定、

49、表和狀語分 詞現(xiàn)在 分詞doing having donebeing done having been done具有副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做定、表、賓補(bǔ)和狀語過去 分詞done動(dòng)名詞doing having donebeing done having been donesb s doing具有名詞的作用在句中做主、賓、定和表語II .做賓語的非謂語動(dòng)詞比較:情況常用動(dòng)詞nt, keep,think of, be be worth,只接不定式做賓語的 動(dòng)詞hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect,wish, ask, decide, pretencmanag

50、e,agree, afford determine, promise, happen只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的 動(dòng)詞或短語mind, miss, enjoyimagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, preve dislike, avoid, risk, resist, considercan t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on proud of, take

51、pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be busypay attention to, stick to兩 者 都 可 以意義基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue、定式多指具體的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞多指一般或習(xí) 慣行為）need, want, require接動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)思義，右接小te式則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式）意義相反stop to do停止手中事，去做另件事stop doing停止止在做的事意義re

52、member/forget/regret to 咐旨動(dòng)作發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing旨動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）go on to do（接著做另外一件事）go on doing（接著做同一件事）try to do （設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力） try doing （試試去做，有啟何結(jié)果）mean to do（打算做,企圖做）mean doing （思識(shí)是,忌味著）can t help to do能幫忙做）can t help doinM、住要做）III .非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別:常見動(dòng)詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念例句不7E式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encouragehave, notice, see, watch, hear, fe let, make主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成el,I heard him call me several times7 / 16初中英語語法精編（中考復(fù)習(xí)必備）現(xiàn)在分詞notice, see, watch, hear, find, kee主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，尚1亦完成I found her listening to the radio過去分詞have, feel動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。動(dòng)作