初中英語(yǔ)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)

1、形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)變化形式歸納  大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化，即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，用來(lái)表示事物的等級(jí)差別。原級(jí)即形容詞的原形，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。 規(guī)則變化 單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞后面直接加-er , -est原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest特別提醒：以-y,-er, -ow, le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞末尾加er和est。如：healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early,

2、pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾只加-r，-st原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest “以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞改y為i，再加-er, -est原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest 以一個(gè)元音加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞（即重讀閉音節(jié)詞），雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母

3、，再加-er，-est原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)slimslimmerslimmestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerbiggest  特別提醒：new, few, slow, clean等詞含有字母組合，且發(fā)的是長(zhǎng)元音，不用雙寫。大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)的詞(即音標(biāo)中含有三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上元音音素的詞)，要在前面加 more，most原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantinterestingmore interest

4、ingmost interestingexpensivemore expensivemost expensivepopularmore popularmost popular 特別提醒：以形容前綴un構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest,untidy-untidier-untidiest 以形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞要在前面加 more，most原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore angrilymost

5、 angrilysoftlymore softlymost softlynoisilymore noisilymost noisily特別提醒：early -earlier-earliest 由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過(guò)來(lái)的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞如knowknown)只能加more或most來(lái)表示它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。  原級(jí)比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)  interestingmore interesting most interesting  excitedmore excited most exciti

6、ng  tiredmore tired  most tired  boringmore boring most boring      不規(guī)則變化  原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest 特別提醒f

7、urther不僅可以指“距離更遠(yuǎn)”，還可指“程度更深”。記住以下三個(gè)詞組：further study(進(jìn)修)further education(繼續(xù)教育)further information (進(jìn)一步的信息)elder僅用于同輩之間的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐) elder brother (哥哥)less作為“更少”僅用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞表示“更少”要用fewer。以下內(nèi)容不作為初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)內(nèi)容，僅供拓展之用。少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加 more, most 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，這類形容詞一般為表語(yǔ)形容詞和由過(guò)去分詞變成的形容詞。afraid - more afraid

8、, most afraid tired - more tired , most tiredfond - more fond , most fond glad - more glad , most gladbored - more bored , most bored pleased- more pleased , most pleased下列形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有兩種形式，即：既可加-er/-est也可加more/most      cruel, strict, often, friendly, clever 下列形

9、容詞和副詞沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高（即表示“最高程度”或“絕對(duì)狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)）empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely .   形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)使用注意事項(xiàng)  比較應(yīng)在同類事物之間進(jìn)行。誤：Your English is better than me.正：Your English is better than mine.比較級(jí)前可以有一個(gè)表示程度的狀語(yǔ)，最常見(jiàn)的三大修飾詞是：a

10、little, much, even。以下單詞也可用來(lái)修飾：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。My sister is a little taller than me.Their house is much larger than ours.另外，名詞短語(yǔ)也可修飾比較級(jí)，說(shuō)明程度。Im three years older than he.特別提醒：very, quite, too不可修飾比較級(jí)。 避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。誤：He is more kinder to small animals than I.正：He is much kinder to

11、 small animals than I.誤：He is more cleverer than his brother.正：He is cleverer than his brother.比較要符合邏輯，在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時(shí)，避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中，這時(shí)需使用other來(lái)排除自身。誤：China is larger that any country in Asia.正：China is larger than any other country in Asia.誤：John studies harder than any student in his class.正：John studies

12、 harder than any other student in his class.正：John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.正：John studies harder than anyone else in his class. 比較要遵循前后一致的原則，注意前后呼應(yīng)。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 

13、;序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。Africa is the second largest continent.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson. 為避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。one既可指人又可指物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The weather in China is different fr

14、om that in America.The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.   誤：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai.正：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. 

15、“否定詞 + 比較級(jí)”相當(dāng)于最高級(jí)。-Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?-I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing. 比較級(jí)前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者，且比較級(jí)后又有名詞或出現(xiàn)了of the two，這時(shí)比較級(jí)前一定要加the。He is the taller of

16、the two.Of the two jobs，he chose the harder.Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?試比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters. 不含than 的比較級(jí)前可加不定冠詞修飾，構(gòu)成“a/an+比較級(jí)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示 “

17、一個(gè)更的人/物”。Why dont you use a sharper knife? 你為什么不用一把更鋒利的刀呢？ 比較級(jí)than 后應(yīng)用人稱代詞的主格，但非正式語(yǔ)體中常用賓格。He is taller than I/me. 為避免重復(fù)，比較級(jí)中同樣的動(dòng)詞用助動(dòng)詞do, does, did替代。I spend less time doing homework than John does.She tells more funny jokes than we do. 以下內(nèi)容不是初中教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，僅供拓展之用。形容詞most前面沒(méi)有the，不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示

18、“非?！?。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.          The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.     &#

19、160;    這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。      A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.           Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。      A is t

20、hree (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.         Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。         用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.       形容詞副詞比較

21、級(jí)最高級(jí)重點(diǎn)句型歸納      句型一：形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than注意事項(xiàng)：該句型為比較級(jí)的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可確定前面使用比較級(jí)。He is taller than I am.The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl. 句型二：less + 形容詞的原級(jí) + than注意事項(xiàng)：該句型表示“不如、不及”，特別需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比較級(jí)，后面必須跟形容詞的原級(jí)，否定就造成了比較級(jí)的重復(fù)使用。This computer i

22、s less expensive than that one. 句型三：as +形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+ as注意事項(xiàng)：該句型表示對(duì)比的兩者程度相當(dāng)，as之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，決不能使用比較級(jí)。此外，還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)第一個(gè)as前的動(dòng)詞，如果是系動(dòng)詞（如be，感官動(dòng)詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel等），那么就用形容詞的原級(jí)，如果前面的動(dòng)詞是一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，那么就必須用副詞的原級(jí)修飾動(dòng)詞。This lesson is as easy as that one.Lucy talks with old people as pol

23、itely as her sister. 特別提醒：asas之間也可以跟名詞，句型如下：as +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+as    He is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。as + many/much+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as    I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。    I have as many books as you do. 我的書和你的一樣多

24、。    Well give you as much help as we can. 我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。其它幾個(gè)關(guān)于asas的句型：as as one can：盡其所能          He began to run as fast as he could.       as as possible：盡可能        

25、60; Please help us as quickly as possible.       as soon as一就   He will call me as soon as he comes here. 句型四：not as/so +形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+ as注意事項(xiàng)：該句型表示“前者不如后者”，往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第一個(gè)as可以換為so。This classroom is not as bright as yours.I cannot run as fas

26、t as you. 句型五：the +形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)+ in / of / among +比較范圍注意事項(xiàng)：如果這里為副詞最高級(jí)，前面的the常常省略。介詞in和of的用法完全不一樣。in表示“在某一范圍內(nèi)”，如：in the classroom，in the world。of表示“在同類之間”，of后面的詞與主語(yǔ)同類，另名詞前一般有冠詞the。among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之間”，among后接代詞或沒(méi)有修飾語(yǔ)的名詞。The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.Peter is the tallest

27、of the six students.This picture is the most beautiful among these. 句型六：one of + 形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式注意事項(xiàng)：one of有三大考點(diǎn)：1. 后跟形容詞最高級(jí)；2. 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；3. 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)主語(yǔ)為one，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long. 句型七：比較級(jí)+and +比較級(jí) / more and more +多音節(jié)詞的原級(jí)注意事項(xiàng)：該句型表示“越來(lái)越”，如果該形容詞比較級(jí)構(gòu)成形式加er，則用前面的句型；如果該形容詞比較級(jí)加more構(gòu)成，則用后面的句型。It is getting hotter and hotter.The girl is becoming more and more beautiful. 句型八：the +比較級(jí)+, the +比較級(jí)+注意事項(xiàng)：該句型意思為“越就越”，表示兩種情況同時(shí)變化。The more you eat, the fatter you will be.In the test, the more ca