專四讓步狀語從句

1、從屬分句狀語從句包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、方式、比較從句。讓步狀語從句連接詞：though、although、as ; even if、even though ; whether .or.；no matter+ 疑問詞， 疑問詞+ever.(1 ) though, although 表示 雖然，縱然 之意。although 比though 正式，二者都 可與yet, still或nevertheless 連用，但不能與 but連用。值得注意的是，although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例句 Altho

2、ugh/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.(2 ) even if, even though 表示 即使”，縱使”之意。even if引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性，而even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，是以從句的內(nèi)容為先決條件的，也就是說，說話人肯定了從句的事實(shí)例句 Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.) 即使他 很窮，但她還是愛他。Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He

3、is poor, yet she loves him.) 盡管他很 窮，但她還是愛她。(3) as, though表示 雖然但是”，縱使”之意。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)，被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或冠詞動詞原 形，且表語中的冠詞要省略，though間或也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，但although不可以這樣用。例如：Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力， 但幾乎沒取 得什么進(jìn)步。Fool as j

4、erry is, he could not have done such a thing.還是”之意(4) whether.or.表示 不論是否”,不管是(5) no matter疑問詞或 疑問詞-ever的含義為“都；不管都”， 當(dāng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，兩者相同，可以互換，但當(dāng)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同謂語從句)時(shí)則只能用whatever (whoever， whichever，whenever， etc)。例句 No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep th

5、e law.不管你是誰，你都要遵紀(jì)守法。Ill eat whatever ( 豐 no matter what) you give me. (whatever 導(dǎo)賓語從句)你給我 吃什么，我就吃什么。下面句字不能用 no matter結(jié)構(gòu)：Whoever comes back firs is supposed to win the prize.( 主語從句)I am ready to do whatever you want me to .(賓語從句)(6) 有時(shí)while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但一般要位于句首。這時(shí)while表達(dá)并列的轉(zhuǎn)折，即主語與從句的動作是在同一時(shí)候發(fā)生的。例如：Whi

6、le I like the colour, I dont like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色，但不喜歡那形狀。條件狀語從句弓丨導(dǎo)詞 if、 uni ess、 provided/providi ng(that) 、 so/as long as、 on con diti on that、 suppose/supposing(that)、in the event that、whether or not。時(shí)間狀語從句(i) when .與.whilewhen表示“當(dāng).的時(shí)候”，表時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段的動作。While表示“當(dāng).的同時(shí)”，表持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)，不表短暫。While tom was r

7、eading , jack was writing.When he fini shed his speech , the audie nee burst into applause.(2) hardly/scarcely 亠.when. 和. .no. soone 匚.thanhardly/scarcely 和 no sooner后面用完成時(shí)，而 when和than 后用過去時(shí)(3) the minute/moment/day , the first/second/last time , each/every/next time 可弓丨導(dǎo)時(shí)間性狀 語從句(4) since表示 “自從”，從句要

8、用非延續(xù)性動詞，主句要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。Si nee he lived in Beiji ng , I have not heard from him.Till/until“直到”，肯定句時(shí)，主句用延續(xù)性動詞，否定句時(shí)，主句可使用非延續(xù)性動詞。I will wait here until the concert is over.She cantleave until Friday結(jié)果狀語從句(1) so/suchthatso+形容詞，副詞 / such+名詞.that 表示 如此.以致.,so+形容詞+ a/an +名詞在“much/many/few/little+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)前，只能用so。例句 S

9、o many people complained about the heavy traffice that the city government took measure at least.（2） with the result that原因狀語從句連接詞有 since , as , because , in that , on the ground that.地點(diǎn)狀語從句連接詞有 where , wherever , any where方式狀語從句有as引導(dǎo)的例句 she did her work as her manager had instructed.此外，還有 just as和

10、much as例句 they try to conceal this fact much as I did last year.關(guān)系從句（定語從句）關(guān)系 代詞有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等。關(guān)系畐U詞有：when, where, why 等。限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別A）非限定需要用逗號隔開，限定是句子不可或缺的成分B） 非限定從句中，引導(dǎo)詞一般不用thatWhich 和 thatA）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略例句 It is the only thing （that） we can do for you.B）先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)all

11、much few little some any none anything something nothingeverything 只能用that弓丨導(dǎo)C） 先行詞是 anyone an ybody every one everybody some one somebody 時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞多用 who 或 whom，不用 thatD） 先行詞被形容詞是最高級及first last only every no等修飾，關(guān)系代詞用that，不用which /who/whomE） 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的先行詞兼指人和物是，關(guān)系代詞用that例女口 A victim is a person ,animal a

12、nd thing that suffers pain, death, harm, ect.As1）as與such， the same,as（so）, 連用，引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句Such people as wish to leave may do so now.2）as引導(dǎo)從句可放主句前，中，后：而 which引導(dǎo)的只能放在后例句 more American troops are being sent to middle east , which（as）l have learnt from the n ewspaper.The teleph one ,as we all know, was th

13、e inno vati on of bellAs后如果是被動語態(tài)，be可省略；which后則不可以例句 football and baseball, as played in the united states today, are basically modifications of games that origi nated in En glishWhereWhere引導(dǎo)的定語從句相當(dāng)于 in/at+which例句 the company has introduced a policy where pay rises are related to performanee at work.

14、WhoseWhose與名詞搭配使用，引導(dǎo)定語從句是在句子坐主語或者賓語，whose既可以指人也可以指物（指物時(shí)可以用of which互換）例句 The house whose windows are broken is unoccupied.結(jié)構(gòu)“介詞+whom ”或“ which+不定式短語”She is a pleasa nt girl with whom to work = she is a pleasa nt girl to work with.名詞性從同位語從句1）能接同位語從句的名詞answer, belief, certainty, concept, conclusion, decision, discovery,doubt, evidenee, explanation, fact, idea, impression, information, knowledge, problem, promise, statement, suggestion, thought, probability , etc.同位語多由 that 弓丨導(dǎo)，疑問代詞 who which What和疑問副詞 when where why how 也可以引導(dǎo)2）在結(jié)構(gòu) on the assumption, on the condition that, despite the