在這個章節(jié)我們討論三種不同的應(yīng)用程式

1、11.1 Introduction In this chapter we examine three different applications, all concerned with using and managing data, that might be of interest to a hypothetical small business, the Huli Huli Pineapple and Papaya Company.在這個章節(jié)我們討論三種不同的應(yīng)用程式,包含所有資料的相關(guān)應(yīng)用與管理,假設(shè)是Huli 公司可能感興趣的小型商業(yè)作業(yè) These applications ar

2、el          Spreadsheetsl          Databasesl Symbolic and numeric computation這些應(yīng)用程式是 試算表 資料庫 符號和數(shù)字的計算,Each application is possible because of advances that have taken place in computer hardware and software. A

3、lthough we use a small business context to present these applications, they are equally useful, in various forms, for individuals and for multinational corporations.每一個應(yīng)用程式都可能因為進步發(fā)展而發(fā)生在電腦硬體和軟體上,雖然我們目前將這些應(yīng)用程式使用在上述的小型的商業(yè)作業(yè)上,他們這些不同類型的形式對個人的使用和多跨國的公司團體是非常有用處的.11.2 Spreadsheets An electronic spreads

4、heet combines elements of a calculator, a word processor, a database manager, a graphing tools, a modeling and forecasting tool, and an accountants ledger. 試算表結(jié)合了計算的元素,字型的顯示,資料庫的管理,圖形工具,模組和程式工具以及會計的帳務(wù)處理The first spreadsheets software, VisiCalc, developed in 1979, was modeled after the traditional ac

5、countants ledgerbook or spreadsheet.1979年發(fā)展出一套試算表軟體”VisiCale”,它是在傳統(tǒng)會計師帳務(wù)本或試算表形式之後發(fā)展出來的, But the advantages of an electronic spreadsheet soon became apparent, and this single software package was a principal motivator in the growth of microcomputer use.但是,試算表的好處很快就變的非常明顯,而且,這單一軟體是微電腦成長的主要因素,Today, sp

6、readsheets are one of the most widely used software packages, and they continue to incorporate increasing capabilities.今天,試算表是許多被廣泛應(yīng)用的一種軟體,而且,他們持續(xù)增加試算表的功能Spreadsheets are of value to individual homeowners and investors, business planners, scientists, economists, teachers, and anyone who has text and

7、 numeric information to organize, manipulate, or display.將其價值合併到個人家庭使用者和投資者,公司企劃者,科學(xué)家,經(jīng)濟學(xué)者,老師以及任何人用數(shù)字資訊去組織,操作和列印的必用版本. An empty spreadsheet contains a two-dimensional grid of cells.空的試算表包含一個二維陣列的儲存格格子,The rows are labeled by numbers 1, 2, 3, , and the columns are labeled by letters A through Z, then

8、 AA, AB, and so on. Giving a column letter and a row number identifies a particular cell in the grid. 在列的標號是數(shù)字1,2,3,而行的標號是字元A到Z,以及AA,AB等等的,給一個行的字元和列的數(shù)字來確認一個特殊的儲存格在格子中,On some systems, cells, or blocks of cells, can also be named and referred to by name.在一些系統(tǒng)儲存格或是方塊型的儲存格上可以被取名或被名字所認同The dimensions of

9、 the grid are defined by the software package but are usually in the range of thousands of rows and a few hundred columns. 這個格子的陣列由軟體來定義,但通常都在一個數(shù)以百計的列和少數(shù)以千為單位的行這些範圍中,Only a portion of the grid, called a window, is visible at any one time on the screen. 只有一部份被稱做視窗的格子是在任一個時間上都可以被看見的螢?zāi)簧?The user may sc

10、roll (move) the window through the grid to make different parts visible. The user can also adjust the width of any column in the grid.使用者可透過格子移動視窗做不同種類的形式,使用者也可以調(diào)整在格子中的寬度.Initially, the window is always located in the upper left corner of the grid, at the beginning of the letter-number cell identifi

11、cation system (cell A1). 最初,在字母數(shù)字儲存格辯認系統(tǒng)初期(cell A1), 視窗總是位於在柵格的上面左角落,Figure 11.1 shows a window in an empty spreadsheet, with cell D2 shaded. The user generally selects a certain cell to be “active” by using a mouse, the tab key, or the arrow keys to move a cursor (marker) to the desired cell.用D2 sh

12、aded儲存格在試算表中顯示視窗,使用者通常藉由使用滑鼠, tab key, 或者arrow keys把一個游標移動到想要的那欄的儲存格.選擇某種儲存格讓它工作.Three kinds of information can be stored in a spreadsheet cell. 三種種類資訊可以被儲存在一個試算表儲存格,A cell can contain text information, also called a label, which appears on the screen in that cell. 一個儲存格包含資訊的版本,也叫一個標籤,它在儲存格中的螢?zāi)簧铣霈F(xiàn),T

13、ext information is used at the top of a column to label the data appearing in that column, or at the left of a row to label data in that row. Text can also be used to label any single cell. 把資訊的版本用於一個行的頂端以在那行中標明有出現(xiàn)的資料,或者用於在列方向標簽資料,列的左邊,也能夠用來貼標籤於任何單一儲存格,Text information may be longer than the standar

14、d-sized cell, so the column size is frequently expanded to accommodate text information. 資訊版本的內(nèi)容也許比標準的儲存格更長, 所以使行的長度經(jīng)常地擴充到可以容納資訊版本,The user can use formatting commands to direct how the text will be displayed, including whether it is to be centered or right- or left-justified within the cell; what the type font and size are to be; and whether certain words should be boldface or italic. In Figure 11.2, cells A1, B1, and C1 contain labels.使用者能夠用格式化命令來控制將如何顯示出資料,包括內(nèi)容是否要在中心或者在儲存格之右邊還是左邊,內(nèi)容的字型大小;和字體應(yīng)該是黑體字或者斜體的,在圖11.2,儲存格A1, B1,和 C1 含有標籤.The second kind of information that