Lesson7StartingAirSystem

1、Lesson 7 Starting Air System第7 課 起動(dòng)空氣系統(tǒng)1. Diesel engines are started by supplying compressed air into the cylinders in the appropriate sequence for the required direction. A supply of compressed air is stored in air reservoirs or bottles or receivers at pressures about 30 or 40 bar ready for immedia

2、te use. Up to 12 starts are possible with the stored quantity of compressed air. The starting air system usually has interlocks to prevent starting if anything is not in order柴油機(jī)是按所需方向, 以適當(dāng)順序向各缸通入壓縮空氣起動(dòng)的。所供壓縮空氣以3040bar 的壓力存于氣罐或氣瓶內(nèi), 隨時(shí)可用。所儲(chǔ)存的壓縮空氣量可進(jìn)行多達(dá)12 次的起動(dòng)。起動(dòng)空氣系統(tǒng)通常裝有連鎖裝置, 若其他設(shè)備沒準(zhǔn)備好, 則不允許柴油機(jī)起動(dòng)。2. C

3、ompressed air is supplied by air compressors to the air receivers. The compressed air is then supplied by a large bore pipe to a remote operating non-return or automatic valve and then to the cylinder air start valve. Opening of the cylinder air start valve will admit compressed air into the cylinde

4、r. The opening of the cylinder valve and the remote operating valve is controlled by a pilot air system. Each cylinder air start valve is opened when the piston is just past TDC and closed just before the exhaust valve opens. There is always more than one air start valve open, which ensures that the

5、 engine will start in any position.壓縮空氣由空壓機(jī)提供給空氣瓶。壓縮空氣通過大口徑管道進(jìn)入遙控操作的止回閥或自動(dòng)閥, 進(jìn)而到達(dá)氣缸起動(dòng)閥。氣缸起動(dòng)閥開啟, 空氣進(jìn)入氣缸。氣缸起動(dòng)閥及自動(dòng)遙控閥由控制空氣系統(tǒng)控制。每個(gè)氣缸起動(dòng)閥在(活塞)經(jīng)過上止點(diǎn)后立即開啟, 在排氣口適當(dāng)開啟前關(guān)閉。通常至少有一個(gè)及以上的空氣啟動(dòng)閥處于開啟狀態(tài), 來確保主機(jī)能夠在任何位置進(jìn)行啟動(dòng)。3. The pilot air is drawn from the large pipe and passes to a pilot air control valve which s opera

6、ted by the engine air start lever. When the air start lever is operated, a supply of pilot air enables the remote valve to open. Pilot air for the appropriate direction of operation is also supplied to an air distributor. This device is usually driven by the engine camshaft and supplies pilot air to

7、 the control cylinders of the cylinder air start valves. The pilot air is then supplied in the appropriate sequence for the direction of operation required. The cylinder air start valves are held closed by springs when not in use and opened by the pilot air enabling the compressed air direct from th

8、e receivers to enter the engine cylinder. Starting air is shut off from the engine as soon as sufficient starting speed has been reached; fuel is then applied and the engine speed increased.控制空氣來自主空氣管并通入由柴油機(jī)起動(dòng)操縱桿控制的起動(dòng)控制閥。當(dāng)操作起動(dòng)手柄時(shí), 控制空氣使控制導(dǎo)閥手動(dòng)開啟或(當(dāng)駕駛臺(tái)安裝控制系統(tǒng)時(shí))靠氣動(dòng)液壓缸開啟。控制空氣也通入空氣分配器。空氣分配器通常由柴油機(jī)凸輪軸驅(qū)動(dòng), 它將

9、控制空氣通入氣缸起動(dòng)閥。此控制空氣按所需運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)方向以恰當(dāng)?shù)捻樞蛲ㄈ?。?dāng)不用氣缸起動(dòng)閥時(shí)靠彈簧保持關(guān)閉。當(dāng)它由控制空氣打開時(shí), 壓縮空氣便直接從空氣瓶進(jìn)入氣缸。一旦達(dá)到足夠的啟動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)速, 主機(jī)將切斷啟動(dòng)空氣, 供入燃油使主機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速增加。4.An interlock in the remote operating valve line stops the valve opening when the engine turning gear is engaged. The remote operating valve prevents the return of air which has been f

10、urther compressed by the engine into the system.遙控閥管線中的連鎖裝置在盤車機(jī)沒脫開時(shí)，可防止閥開啟。遙控閥可防止發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)(活塞)進(jìn)一步壓縮的空氣回流進(jìn)人(空氣)系統(tǒng)。5.A main engine must be capable of starting from any position and it is normal to have starting valves in each cylinder. Multi-cylinder Vee type engines may only require starting valves to be f

11、itted to one bank of cylinders.主機(jī)必須可以從任何的曲軸位置都能啟動(dòng)，通常每缸都有啟動(dòng)閥。多缸V型柴油機(jī)可能只儒要在單列氣缸上安裝啟動(dòng)閥。 6.Air start explosions occur during a start, when oil, which can accumulate in the air start receivers or on the surface of the start air lines, becomes entrained with high pressure air in the air start manifold and

12、 is ignited. Regular maintenance work should be done and safety precautions should be taken to prevent such an occurrence.當(dāng)聚集在啟動(dòng)空氣瓶或啟動(dòng)空氣管路表面的油與啟動(dòng)空氣主管的高壓空氣混合并點(diǎn)燃時(shí)，啟動(dòng)期間就會(huì)發(fā)生爆炸。應(yīng)當(dāng)定期維護(hù)并采取安全預(yù)防措施防止此類事故發(fā)生。7.Lubricating oil from the compressor will under normal operation pass along the air lines and deposit o

13、n them. In the event of a cylinder air starting valve leaking, hot gases would pass into the air pipes and ignite the lubricating oil.（Checks must be made that cylinder starting air valves do not leak. These can be carried out while the engine is running by feeling the temperature of the air pipe ad

14、jacent to the valve .） If starting air is supplied to the engine this would further feed the fire and could lead to an explosion in the pipelines. In order to prevent such an occurrence, cylinder starting valves should be properly maintained and the pipelines regularly drained. Also oil discharged f

15、rom compressors should be kept to a minimum, by careful maintenance.滑油從壓縮機(jī)出來流經(jīng)空氣管路, 并沉積在內(nèi)。在氣缸起動(dòng)閥萬一泄漏時(shí), 高溫燃?xì)獗氵M(jìn)入空氣管, 點(diǎn)燃滑油。此時(shí), 如果起動(dòng)空氣通入柴油機(jī), 將加劇燃燒, 導(dǎo)致空氣管路爆炸。為了防止此類事故的發(fā)生, 氣缸起動(dòng)閥應(yīng)妥善保養(yǎng)并對(duì)管路定期放殘。同時(shí), 應(yīng)通過細(xì)心保養(yǎng), 使空壓機(jī)排出的油保持在最小值。8.In an attempt to reduce the effects of an explosion, flame traps, relief valves and b

16、ursting caps or discs are fitted to the pipelines. In addition an isolating non-return valve is fitted to the system. The loss of cooling water from an air compressor could lead to an overheated air discharge and possibly an explosion in the pipelines leading to the air reservoir. A high-temperature

17、 alarm or a fusible plug which will melt is used to guard against this possibility.為盡量減小爆炸的影響, 管系內(nèi)需安裝阻焰器、安全閥、防爆帽或防爆片。此外, 系統(tǒng)內(nèi)還要安裝一個(gè)獨(dú)立的止回閥(自動(dòng)閥)以防壓縮空氣進(jìn)一步進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)。空壓機(jī)冷卻水不足會(huì)導(dǎo)致排出的空氣過熱, 并可能使通向空氣瓶的管路發(fā)生爆炸。用高溫報(bào)警器和易熔塞即可預(yù)防此類可能發(fā)生的事故。B.Multiple ChoiceB.選擇題Questions 1-5 are based on paragraphs 1-5. 根據(jù)課文第，1-5段回答問題，1-51

18、.Diesel engines are started by supplying into the cylinders in the appropriate sequence for the required direction. .柴油機(jī)是通過把_以適當(dāng)?shù)捻樞虬凑账璺较蛲ㄈ烁鞲讍?dòng)的。答素.AA.compressed air壓縮空氣B. pressed air(表述不正確)C. compressing air.(因要表示被動(dòng)和完成的動(dòng)作，故不能用現(xiàn)在分詞compressing)D. pilot air控制空氣2. in what position the engine stops ther

19、e will always be at least one of the cylinders with its starting air valve open to admit compressed air to start the engine. _主機(jī)在什么位置停車，至少有一個(gè)缸的啟動(dòng)空氣閥打開，允許壓縮空氣進(jìn)人氣缸啟動(dòng)主機(jī)。答案.DA. Because因?yàn)锽. Owning to因?yàn)镃. For因?yàn)镈. No matter無論3.Clean, dry, compressed air at starting pressure (30 bar) is stored and supplied

20、to the system from . 干凈、干燥的壓縮空氣啟動(dòng)壓力(30 bar)被儲(chǔ)存在_里，提供給系統(tǒng)。答案;AA. air reservoirs空氣瓶B. air distributors空氣分配器C. cylinders氣缸D. scavenging air box掃氣箱4. supplies pilot air to control the cylinder air start valves. ._提供控制空氣到氣缸啟動(dòng)空氣閥的控制缸。答案.CA. An air compressor空壓機(jī)B.An indicator cock示功閥C.An air distributor 空氣分

21、配器D. A safety valve .安全閥BD5.When the is operated, a supply of pilot air enables the remote valve to open. 當(dāng)操作時(shí)，控制空氣使遙控閥開啟。答案:BA.distributor分配器B. air start lever啟動(dòng)空氣操縱桿C.turning gear盤車機(jī)D. air valve空氣閥6.The starting air system usually has to prevent starting if anything is not in order. 啟動(dòng)空氣系統(tǒng)里通常帶有，以便

22、在異常情況下防止發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)。答案;BA.isolators隔離器B. interlocks連鎖裝置C.tripping devices跳閘裝置D. valve spring閥彈簧7. engines may only require starting valves to be fitted to one bank of cylinders. _柴油機(jī)可能只需要在單列氣缸上安裝啟動(dòng)閥。答素.CA. Single-cylinder Vee type單缸V型B. V IN-line直列C.Multi-cylinder Vee type多缸V型D. Any of the above上述任何一種Ques

23、tions 8-10 are based on paragraphs 6-8. 根據(jù)課文第6-8段回答問題8-108.Which of the following precautions should be taken to avoid an explosion in the pipelines? 下列哪一預(yù)防措施可以防止管路發(fā)生爆炸?答素.DA.Cylinder starting valves should be properly maintained. 氣缸啟動(dòng)閥應(yīng)妥善保養(yǎng)B.The pipelines regularly drained. 管路應(yīng)定期放殘C.Oil discharged

24、from compressors should be kept to a minimum. 從空壓機(jī)排出的滑油量保持最少D.All of the above. 以上全部9.A high-temperature alarm or which will mett is used to guard against the explosion of compressor air pipelines高溫警報(bào)或者可以熔化的用于防止壓縮空氣管路發(fā)生爆炸。答素:CA. a flame trap火焰擋板B. a relief valve安全閥C.a fusible plug.易熔塞D. a bursting c

25、ap.防爆帽10.Checks must be made that cylinder starting air valves do not leak. These can be carried out while the engine is running adjacent to the valve. 必須檢查氣缸啟動(dòng)閥是否泄漏。當(dāng)主機(jī)正在運(yùn)行時(shí)，可以氣缸啟動(dòng)閥附近的_來進(jìn)行檢查。答案:CA.by applying soap solution on the air pipe通過在/空氣管路上涂抹肥皂液B.by watching if there is bubble on the air pip

26、e通過感覺/空氣管路的溫度C.by feeling the temperature of the air pipe通過觀察/空氣管路上是否有氣泡D.by listening to the leaking sound emitting from the air pipe通過聽/空氣管路發(fā)出的漏氣聲Task 2 Vocabulary and Structure任務(wù)2詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)A.Technical Terms A.專業(yè)術(shù)語Translate the following into Chinese. 將下列詞組譯成漢語。1.壓縮空氣 2.氣瓶 3.控制空氣 4.空氣分配器5.定時(shí)閥 6.阻焰器 7.安

27、全閥 8.易熔塞1.compressed air 2.air reservoir 3.pilot air 4.air distributor 5.timing valve 6.flame trap 7.relief valve 8.fusible plug B.Active Words常用詞Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the words in the table. Change the form of the words if necessary.從框中選詞完成句子，如有必要改變詞的形式。melt

28、isolateenablerequireleverescapedetect1.Diesel engines are started by supplying compressed air into the cylinders in the appropriate sequence for the direction.1 .required 柴油機(jī)是通過把壓縮空氣以適當(dāng)?shù)捻樞虬凑账璺较蛲ㄈ烁鞲讍?dòng)的。2.A high-temperature alarm or a fusible plug which will is used to guard against this possibility.2. melt 高溫報(bào)警器或者能夠熔化的易熔塞即可預(yù)防此類可能發(fā)生的事故。3.Pressure will escape into the cylinder of any leaking air valve and this can be by listening at the open indicator cock.3 .detected 壓力會(huì)通過泄漏的氣閥進(jìn)人氣缸，以上情況可以通過傾