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1、1 介詞的用法 1. 表示地點位置的介詞 1) at ,in, on, to , for at (1)表示在小地方;(2)表示 在附近,旁邊 in (1)表示 在大地方;(2)表示在范圍之內(nèi)。 on 表示毗鄰,接壤, 在 . 上面。 to 表示在范圍外,不強調(diào)是否接壤;或 到 2) above, over, on 在 . 上 above 指在 . 上方,不強調(diào)是否垂直,與 below 相對; over 指垂直的上方,與 under 相對,但 over 與物體有一定的空間,不直接接觸。 on 表示某物體上面并與之接觸。 The bird is flying above my head. Ther
2、e is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3) below, un der 在 . 下面 under 表示在正下方 below 表示在 . 下,不一定在正下方 There is a cat un der the table. Please write your n ame below the line. 4) i n fron t fra ntof, i n the front of 在 . 前面 in front of意思是在 . 前面,指甲物在乙物之前,兩者互不包括;其反義詞是 behind (在 . 的后面)。
3、 There are some flowers in front of the house.( 房子前面有些花卉。 ) in the front of 意思是 在.的前部,即甲物在乙物的內(nèi)部.反義詞是 at the back of(在范圍內(nèi)的后部)。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我們的教室前邊有一塊黑板。 Our teacher sta nds in the front of the classroom. 我們的老師站在教室前.(老師在教室里) 5) beside , behind beside 表示在 . 旁邊 b
4、ehind 表示在 . 后面 2. 表示時間的介詞 1). in , on ,at 在 時 in 表示較長時間,如世紀、朝代、時代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、 晚等。 如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one s life , in one 等 thirties on 表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。 女口 on May 1st, on Mon day, on New Year s Day, on a cold ni ght in Janu a
5、ry, on a fine morning, on Sun day after noon 等。 at 表示某一時刻或較短暫的時間,或泛指 圣誕節(jié),復(fù)活節(jié)等。 如 at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beg inning of, at the end of ,at the age of at Christmas , at night, at noon, at this moment 等。 注意:在 last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如: We meet 2 every day. 2) . in,
6、after 在 之后 in 段時間表示將來的一段時間以后; after 段時間表示過去的一段時間以后; after 將來的時間點表示將來的某一時刻以后。 3) from, si nee 自從 from 僅說明什么時候開始,不說明某動作或情況持續(xù)多久; since 表示某動作或情況持續(xù)至說話時刻, 通常與完成時連用。since 表示自(某具 體時間)以來,常用作完成 時態(tài)謂語的時間狀語。 since liberation ( 1980 )自從解放(1980 年)以來 They have been close friends since childhood . 他們從小就是好朋友。 (1) sin
7、ce the war 是指自從戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束以來,若指自從戰(zhàn) 爭開始以來,須說since the beginning of the war。 (2)不要將 since 與 after 混淆。 比較:He has worked here since 1965 .(指一段時間,強調(diào)時間段)自從 1965 年以來,他一直在這兒工作。 He bega n to work here after 1965 (指一點時間,強調(diào)時間點)從 1965 年以后,他開始在這兒工作。 4) after, behi nd 在 之后 after 主要用于表示時間; behind 主要用于表示位置。 時間名詞前介詞用法口訣 年前
8、周前要用 in 具體日子要用 on 遇到幾號也用 on 上午下午得是 in 要說某日上下午 用 on 換 in 記清楚 午夜黃昏用 at 黎明用它也不錯 at 用在時分前 說差可要用上 to 說過要用 past 3. 表示運動方向的介詞: across, through 通過,穿過 across 表示橫過,即從物體表面通過,與 on 有關(guān), 為二維 through 穿過,即從物體內(nèi)部穿過, 與 in 有關(guān),為三維。 4. 表示 在之間的介詞: 表示 在 . 之間的介詞在英語中屬于 方位介詞,女口 in front of ,behind , on,in, near, under, up betw
9、ee n, among between 指在兩個人或兩個事物之間; among 指在三個或三個以上的人或事物之間。 5. 表示其他意義的介詞 1) on ,about 關(guān)于 on 表示這本書,這篇文章或演說是嚴肅的,或?qū)W術(shù)性的,可供專門研究這一問題的 人閱讀; about 表示內(nèi)容較為普通,不那么正式。 2) by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具 by以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具; with 表示用 工具、手段,一般接具體的工具和手段; in 表示用方式,用語言(語調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等; 3) except, besides 除了 except 除 . 之外,不包括在內(nèi); 3 bes
10、ides 除 . 之外,包括在內(nèi)。 Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.( 王先生沒去) Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.( 王先生也去了) 其它常用介詞 介詞在英語詞匯中所占比例很小,但它們的用法卻非常靈活 ,復(fù)雜。下列為常用介詞 及含義: 1) about 關(guān)于,附近,大約周圍,隨身. I have bought a book about Shakespearean. 我買了一本有關(guān) 莎士比亞 的書。 There are about fiftee n trees in the
11、 picture. 大約有十五棵樹在圖片里。 2) above 在 _ 上,高出,以上,超過,在.上游. The pla ne is flyi ng above the clouds. 飛機在云上飛行。 I think the man is above sixty years old. 我想那人有六十多歲了。 3) across 橫過,對面,交叉,在.的對面. Can you swim across the river ?你能游過河嗎? We live across the street.我們住在街的對面。 4) after 在.后面,依照. He went home after school
12、. 他放學后就回家了。 Read after me, please. 請跟我朗讀。 5) against 撞到,靠著,反對,違背, The car hit aga inst the tree. 汽車撞了樹。 He is sta nding aga inst the wall. 他靠墻站著。 6) along 沿著,順著. They are walk ing along the river. 他們沿著河行走。 7) among 在.當中.(三者或三者以上 He is the tallest amo ng them. 他是他們當中個子最高的。 8) around 在.的周圍,在那一邊. They
13、sat around the table talk ing the n ews. 他們繞桌而坐談?wù)撔侣劇?There is a drugstore around the corner. 拐角處有一家藥店。 9) as 作為. He does nt like people treat him as a child. 他不喜歡人們把他當小孩子對待。 10)at 在.時刻,在.點鐘,在歲時,向,在.之中,按.速度,值(賣).錢,在.(強 調(diào)地點 He always gets up at six in the morning. 他時常早上六點鐘起床。 He shot at the bird but m
14、issed it. 他向鳥射擊,但是沒射中。 The car goes at eighty miles an hour. 汽車以每小時八十公里的速度行駛。 11)before 在.的前面(位置),在.之前(時間) He took a picture before the car. 他在汽車前照了張照片。 He cant finish his work before supper. 晚飯前他完不成工作。 12)behind 在.的后面(位置),落后于,不如 4 ) after 在.后面,依照, Are there any brooms beh ind the door. 門后有掃帚嗎? All
15、of us are behi nd him in mathematics. 我們數(shù)學都不如他。 13)below 在.之下,低于, There are four lights below the ceili ng. 天花板下面有四盞燈。 4 The murderer run away below the polices eyes. 殺人犯從警察眼皮底下跑了。 14)beside 在.的旁邊,在.之外,與.相比. He found the body beside the river. 他在河邊發(fā)現(xiàn)了尸體。 Beside yours , my computer is too slow.與你的計算機
16、速度相比,我的就慢多了。 15) besides 除.之外,還有. We are all here besides Bowe. 除鮑外,我們也都來了。 16) between 在兩者之間, He sits betwee n you and me. 他坐在你我之間。 17) beyond 在那邊, The shop you are look ing for is bey ond the street, you cant miss it. 你要找的商店 在街的那邊,你不會找不到的。 18) but 除去. He has nothi ng but mon ey.他除錢以外什么都沒有。 19) by被
17、.,在.的近旁,在.之前,不遲于,以為手段。 The classroom was clea ned by the stude nts. 教室由學生們打掃干凈了。 Miss Lucy came to China by air. 露西小姐是乘飛機來 中國的。 20) down 沿著.望下。 She walked dow n the street. 她沿著街道走。 21) during 在期間,在.時候。 During the holiday, we went to the south. 我們假期去了南方。 22) except 除.之外。 He kn ows nothi ng except En
18、glish. 他除英語以外什么都不知道。 23) for 為.,因為.,至于.。 He works for this compa ny. 他為這家公司工作。 She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom. 她返 回到教室是因為把書留在了那里。 24) from 從.,來自.,因為.。 Where are you from? 你是哪里人? He died from an accide nt. 他死于一場事故。 25) in 在.,在.之內(nèi),從事于.,按照.,穿著.。 He was born i
19、n 1992.他生于 1992 年。 I could fin ish the program in two weeks. 我可以用兩周時間完成這個項目。 He spe nd less time in readi ng. 他讀書時間很少。 The man in black jacket is our teacher. 穿黑夾克的那個人是我們的老師。 26) like 象.,如同.。 The twi ns are like their father. 雙胞胎像他們的父親。 27) near 靠近.。 There are some flowers n ear the house. 房子附近有一些花。
20、 28) of .的,屬于.。 This is a map of China.這是一張中國地圖。 5 29) off 離開.,在.之外。 The young man got off the train quickly. 那個年青人很快下了火車。 I live in a village a little way off the ma in road. 我住在離大路不遠的一個村莊里。 30) on 在.之上。 My book is on the table.我的書在桌子上。 31) out of 從.出來,在.之外。 The dog run out of the house. 狗從房子里跑出來。
21、32) outside . 外邊. They are waiting outside the gate. 他們在門外等著。 33 ) over 在. 之上,遍于 .之上,越過 .。 There is a light over the desk. 桌子上方有盞燈。 He is over sixty years old. 他有六十多歲。 34 ) past 越過.,過.,超越 .。 The students walked past the post office. 學生們走過了郵局。 It is ten past two. 現(xiàn)在是兩點十分。 35 ) round 圍著. ,繞過 .,在 .周圍。
22、We sat round the table. 我們圍著桌子坐下。 The earth goes round the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 36 )since 自. 以后,自 .以來。 He has made great progress in English since he came into the college. 從他來到大 學后,他的英語有了很大進步。 37 ) through 經(jīng)過.,穿過 .。(立體層面) They went through the forest. 他們穿過了森林。 38 ) throughout 遍及 .,在各處。 The police searched
23、 for the criminal throughout the mountain. 警察搜山尋找犯人。 39)till 直到 .,在.以前。 He didnt come back till eleven oclock. 他直到十一點鐘才回來。 Well be home till six. 六點以前我們都會在家。 40)to 到.,向 .,趨于 。 How long is it from here to the station ?從這兒到車站有多遠? 41 )under 在.之下,低于。 There are some footballs under the bed. 床底下有幾顆足球。 The
24、se students are under seventeen years old. 這些學生們不到十七歲。 42 )until 直到,在 .以前, Please wait for us until we come back. 請等著我們回來。 It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper. 直到上周我才交了數(shù) 學論文。 43 )up 在.上面,在 .上。 He went up the stairs. 他上了樓梯。 44 )upon 在.之上,迫近 .。 Its not polite to look down upo
25、n him. 蔑視他是不禮貌的。 45 )within 在.之內(nèi)。 You must finish the work within two weeks. 你必須兩周內(nèi)完成這項工作。 46 )without 沒有,不,在 .之外。 We cant do it better without your help. 沒有你的幫助,我們就做不好。 6 We couldnt live without air and water. 沒有空氣和水,我們就不可能生存。 (A) In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is
26、because many countries have won derful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years. To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,childre n from differe nt coun tries and more tha n 60 childre n from Japa nese schools came together and spe nt three weeke nds draw ing a big picture called Dre夢
27、n幻) World Cups in Japan .The children drew animals, flowers and people play ing soccer un der a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags( 旗幟)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japa n and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park n ea
28、r a playgro und in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there. Are you a football fan( 迷)? The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football Teenagers( 青少年)like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their fa
29、vourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as childre n in Japa n. 1. If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have _ . A. Many football fans B. a very good team C. many football player D. a big playground 2. The next World Cup
30、 will be held in _ . A. 2006 B. 2007 C. 2005 D. 2004 3. From the passage ,in the picture childre n drew many things except _ . A. people play ing football B. pictures of some football stars C. a sunny sky D. flowers 4. In Dream World Cup ,the children drew the flags f some countries _ . /P A. to sho
31、w their love for their owe country B. to tell the people their stories C. to show their good wishes for the football teams D. to show their new ideas about football 5. Ma ny tee nagers owe the pictures of some football stars because _ . A. they are in terested in football B. they are football fans C
32、. they think their favourite players are great D. all of A,B and C7 (B) In 1826, a Fren chma n n amed Niepce n eeded pictures for his bus in ess .But he was not a good artis .So he inven ted a very simple camera ( 照相機).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of hia garde n .That was th
33、e first photo. The next important date in the history of photography ( 攝影術(shù))was in 1837. That year, Daguere, ano ther Fren chma n ,took a picture of his readi ng room .He used a new ki nd of camera in a differe nt way .In his picture you could see everythi ng very clearly ,eve n the smallest thing. T
34、his kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype. Soon, other people began to use Daguerre s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildi ngs, cities and mountains. In about 1840, photography was developed .The n photographers could take pi
35、cture of people and moving thi ngs .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other mach in es. But this did not stop them ,for example, some in the Un ited States worked so hard. Mathew Brady was a famous America n photographers. He took many picture of gread people .The
36、 picture were unusual beause they were very lifelike( 栩栩如生的) Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th cen tury .Some photod were nor just cooies of the real world .They showed and feeli ngs,like other kinds of art. 6. The first photo take n by Niepce was a picturte of _ A. hi
37、s bus in ess B. his house C. his garde n D. his window 7. The Daguerrotype was _ . /P A. Fren chma n B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photographer 8. If a photographer wan ted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840j, he had to _ . A. watch lots of films B. buy an expe nsi
38、ve camera C. stop in most cities D. take many films and someth ing else with him. 9. Mathew Brady _ . A. was very lifelike B. was famous for his unu sual pictures C. was quite strong D. took many pictures of moving people 10. This passage tells us _ . A. how photography was developed B. how to show
39、your ideas and feeli ngs in pictures C. how to take pictures in the world D. how to use differe nt cameras8 (C) America ns with small families own a small car or a large on e. If both pare nts are work ing, they usually have two cars. When the family is large, one of the cars is sold and they will b
40、uy a van(住房汽車) A small car can hold( 容纟納)four pers ons and a large car can hold six pers ons but it is very crowded(擁擠).A van hold seven persons easily, so a family three children could ask their gran dpare nts to go on a holiday travel They could all travel together. Mr.Hage n and his wife had a th
41、ird child last year. This made them sell a sec ond car and bus a van. Their childre n sixth and seve nth seat are used to put other thin gs, for a family of five must carry many suitcases( 衣箱)whe n they travel. When they arrive at their grandparents home , the suitcases are brought into the two seat
42、s can then carry the gran dpare nts. America ns call vans motor homes. A motor home is always used for holidays. When a family are traveli ng to the mountains or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or to the seaside, they can live in their motor home for a few days or we
43、eks. All the members of a big family can enjoy a happier life whe n they are traveli ng together. That is why motor homes have become very popular. I n America there are many parks for motor homes. 11. From the passage, a van is also called _ . A. a motor car B. a motor home C. a motorbike D. a big
44、truck 12. Before Mr. Hage n and his wife bought a van, they _ . A. sold their old house B. moved to their gran dpare nts house C. built a new place for a van D. sold their sec ond car 13. A motor home is usually owned by a family with _ . A. a baby B. much money C. more tha n two childre n D. i nter
45、est in vans 14. America ns usually use motor homer _ . A. to travel with all the family members of holiday B. to do some shopping with all the family members C. to visit their gra ndpare nts at weeke nds D. to drive their childre n to school every day 15. Motor homes have become popular because _. A
46、. they can take people to ano ther city when people are free B. they can let families have a happier life when they go out for their holidays C. some people think motor homes are cheap D. big families can put more things in motor homes (D) Surtsey was born in 1963.Scie ntists saw the birth of this i
47、sla nd. It bega n at 7.30 a.m. on 9 14th November. A fish ing boat was n ear Icela nd. The boat moved un der the capta ins (船 長)feet. He noticed a strange smell. He saw some black smoke. A volcano (火山) was breaking out. Red-hot rocks, fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom (底部)of the sea. Th
48、e isla nd grew quickly. It was 10 meters high the n ext day and 60 meters high on 18th November. Scientists flew there to watch. It was exciting. Smoke and fire were still rushi ng up. Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falli ng into the sea. The sea was boili ng and there was a str
49、a nge light i n the sky. Surtsey grew and grew. Then it stopped in June 1967 .It was 175 meters high and 2 kilometers long. And life was already coming to Surtsey. Plants grew. Birds came. Some scientists built a house. They want to learn about this young isla nd. A new isla nd is like a new world.
50、16. Surtsey is _ . A. an island not far from Iceland B. a new volcano C. a fish ing boat D. a place in Icela nd 17. Scien tists flew there _ . A. to watch the birth of the isla nd B. to save the fish ing boat C. to lear n about the isla nd D. to build a house 18. When did scie ntist fly there to wat
51、ch? A. Before the volca no broke out. B. As soon as the volca no broke out. C. About four days after the volca no broke out. D. After the volca no stopped rush ing up. 19. Put the following sentences in correct order. a. The capta in found the boat was moving. b. A new isla nd appeared in the sea. c
52、. Fire, smoke and rocks were see n rush ing up. d. A fish ing boat was n ear Icela nd. e. The isla nd grew quickly. A. d-a-c-b-e B. a-b-c-d-e C .a-b-e-c-d D. b-e-d-a-c 20. The best title of this article is _ . A. A new isla nd B. The birth of an isla nd C. A new world D. Scien tists discovered Surts
53、ey10 (E) On Nov.18th,1908,three men went up in a ballo on (氣球).They started early in London. The headma n was Augusta Gaudr on, and the other two men were Tannar and Maitla nd. They had a big ballo on and they were ready for a long way. Soon they heard the sea. They were carry ing the usual rope (繩子
54、),and it was hanging dow n from the basket of the ballo on. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So they were able to cha nge its weight (重量).It was for use over the sea. They were also carry ing some bags of sand. After the sun rose, the balloon went
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