高考英語語法填空之詞性轉換類PPT課件

1、.1語法填空第三講：語法填空第三講：有提示詞之有提示詞之詞性轉換詞性轉換.2 詞性轉換詞性轉換是語法填空的必考點。這一考是語法填空的必考點。這一考點涉及到點涉及到: (1) 句子成分劃分或句子結構分析；句子成分劃分或句子結構分析； (2) 各種詞性的語法功能；各種詞性的語法功能； (3) 構詞法特別是派生法構詞法特別是派生法 詞性轉換詞性轉換等多個知識點，是綜合性較強等多個知識點，是綜合性較強的一道題。我們將其主要考點和必備基礎的一道題。我們將其主要考點和必備基礎歸納如下：歸納如下：.3考點考點1：形容詞：形容詞副詞副詞 形容詞后形容詞后+ly可變成與原來意義相同的副詞?？勺兂膳c原來意義相同的

2、副詞。直接加直接加-lyslow 慢的慢的 slowly 緩慢地緩慢地改改y為為-ilyhappy 高興的高興的 happily 高興地高興地去去e加加-lytrue 真的真的 truly 真的真的考點解密考點解密.4后后 綴綴 例例 詞詞 后后 綴綴 例例 詞詞 -alindustrial national -an European American-ern eastern northern -able reasonable believable -ful careful mouthful -ish childish selfish-ive active creative -y dirty

3、thirsty windy -en golden wooden -ary imaginary revolutionary-ic realistic historic -some troublesome lonesome-like childlike womanlike -lyfriendly lovely -lesscareless harmless考點考點2：名詞：名詞形容詞形容詞(1)(1)名詞加不同的后綴變成形容詞，常見的后綴有：名詞加不同的后綴變成形容詞，常見的后綴有：.5(2)形容詞變成名詞。如：形容詞變成名詞。如：后綴后綴例例 詞詞-nesshappiness 幸福幸福 illne

4、ss 疾病疾病 -ydifficulty 困難困難 possibility 可能性可能性 -ismsocialism 社會主義社會主義.6考點考點3：形容詞：形容詞動詞動詞(1)形容詞可變成動詞。如：形容詞可變成動詞。如：en-enrich豐富豐富 enable 使能夠使能夠-enwiden加寬加寬 sharpen削尖削尖shorten 縮短縮短 soften 軟化軟化-izeAmericanize 美國化美國化 civilize 使開化使開化modernize 現代化現代化 nationalize國有化國有化-ysimplify簡化簡化某些名詞后加某些名詞后加-y可變成動詞，表示可變成動詞，

5、表示“使使化化”。如：。如：beautify 美化美化.7(2)動詞變成形容詞。如：動詞變成形容詞。如：-ouscontinuous持續(xù)的持續(xù)的 various各種各樣的各種各樣的-able/ibledrinkable可飲用的可飲用的accessible可進入的可進入的-ing/edinteresting令人感興趣的令人感興趣的 excited興奮的興奮的.8考點考點4：動詞：動詞名詞名詞后綴后綴例例 詞詞-anceacceptance接受接受 appearance 出現出現-encereference參考參考 existence 存在存在-alrefusal拒絕拒絕 arrival 到達到達

6、-tiondictation聽寫聽寫 preparation 準備準備-mentargument 爭論爭論 judgment 判斷判斷.9考點考點5：名詞：名詞名詞名詞(人人)后綴后綴例例 詞詞-erteacher 教師教師 reader 讀者讀者officer 官員官員 farmer 農夫農夫villager 村民村民 Londoner 倫敦人倫敦人-orconductor 售票員售票員 visitor 游客游客-arbeggar 乞丐乞丐 -essactress 女演員女演員 hostess 女主人女主人-eseChinese 中國人中國人Japanese 日本人日本人-ianmusici

7、an 音樂家音樂家 physician內科醫(yī)生內科醫(yī)生-istscientist科學家科學家 socialist社會主義者社會主義者.10考點考點6：不變詞性的前綴和后綴：不變詞性的前綴和后綴前綴前綴含含 義義例例 詞詞dis-不，否定不，否定dissatisfy使不滿意使不滿意 dishonest 不誠實不誠實un-不不unable 不能夠不能夠 unlucky 不幸的不幸的un-相反動作相反動作undress脫衣服脫衣服 unload 卸貨卸貨in-im-ir-il-不，非不，非inactive 不活躍的不活躍的 incorrect 不正確的不正確的impolite不有禮貌的不有禮貌的 i

8、mpossible不可能的不可能的irregular 不規(guī)則的不規(guī)則的 irresponsible不負責任不負責任的的illogical 不合邏輯的不合邏輯的 illegal 非法的非法的non-不，非不，非non-existent不存在的不存在的 non-stop 直達的直達的mis-錯誤的，壞的錯誤的，壞的misunderstand 誤解誤解 misfortune 厄運厄運,不幸不幸.11前綴前綴含含 義義例例 詞詞re重復，再重復，再rewrite重寫重寫 remarry 再婚再婚super-在上面，超級在上面，超級 supermarket 超市超市 supermodel 超級名模超級名

9、模under- 在在之下之下underestimate低估低估 underground 地下的地下的inter-相互，之間相互，之間international國際的國際的 interact 相互作用相互作用semi-半半semifinal（半決賽）（半決賽） semicircle 半圓半圓multi-多，多種多，多種multi-national多國的多國的 multi-coloured多種多種顏色的顏色的kilo-千千kilometer 千米千米,公里公里 kilogram 千克千克,公斤公斤tele-遠遠telephone 電話電話 television 電視電視a-在在上上/里里aboar

10、d 在船在船/火車火車/飛機上飛機上 ahead 在前面在前面.12注：注：前綴一般只改變詞義而不改變詞性：前綴一般只改變詞義而不改變詞性： 但但en-也改變詞性，如：也改變詞性，如：large大的大的-enlarge擴大，擴大，danger危險危險-endanger危及；危及； 后綴一般改變詞性不改變詞義，后綴一般改變詞性不改變詞義，但但-ship也不改變詞性，如：也不改變詞性，如：leader領導領導-leadership領導階層；領導階層；friend朋友朋友-friendship友誼。友誼。.13 要正確解答高考語法填空中的詞語派生題，要正確解答高考語法填空中的詞語派生題，必須弄清要填

11、的必須弄清要填的詞在句子中充當哪種句子成分，詞在句子中充當哪種句子成分，作該種成分需要哪種詞類的詞；然后再作該種成分需要哪種詞類的詞；然后再根據構根據構詞法詞法將括號中的詞變成所需要的詞類。將括號中的詞變成所需要的詞類。 下表歸納了各種下表歸納了各種句子成分的概念句子成分的概念、所處的、所處的語境語境和充當該和充當該句子成分句子成分的典型詞類，這些是做的典型詞類，這些是做好詞語派生題的必備基礎，建議同學們理解并好詞語派生題的必備基礎，建議同學們理解并熟記：熟記：解題技巧解題技巧.14概念描述概念描述所處語境所處語境充當的詞類充當的詞類主語主語講的是什么人或講的是什么人或什么事什么事句子最前面；

12、在冠詞、形容詞性句子最前面；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，及物主代詞，及some, any, other等后等后名詞、名詞、代詞；代詞；動名詞、動名詞、不定式不定式或從句或從句賓語賓語動作的動作的行為對象行為對象及物動詞或介詞之后；在冠詞、及物動詞或介詞之后；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，及形容詞性物主代詞，及some, any, other等后等后謂語謂語表示主語干什么表示主語干什么或是什么或是什么主語之后主語之后動詞動詞表語表語說明主語的身份、說明主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài)特征或狀態(tài)系動詞之后系動詞之后主要是形容詞；主要是形容詞；某些名詞；某些名詞；個別副詞個別副詞補語補語補充說明賓語或補充說明賓語或

13、主語主語在賓語之后；或在被動式謂語之在賓語之后；或在被動式謂語之后后定語定語修飾和限定名詞修飾和限定名詞或代詞或代詞名詞之前，名詞之前，something等代詞之后等代詞之后形容詞形容詞狀語狀語修飾動詞、形容修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，詞、副詞，或整個句子或整個句子動詞前后；形容詞或副詞之前；動詞前后；形容詞或副詞之前；句首句首副詞副詞.15根據該詞在句子所作成分確定用哪根據該詞在句子所作成分確定用哪種形式。具體方法有：種形式。具體方法有： 技巧技巧1：作表語、定語或補語，通常用形容詞：作表語、定語或補語，通常用形容詞形式。形式。The youngster immediately fell _ (

14、silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 解析：因在系動詞解析：因在系動詞felt后作表語，用形容詞，后作表語，用形容詞，故填故填silent。 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to 解析：在冠詞與名詞之間，要用形容詞，作解析：在冠詞與名詞之間，要用形容詞，作定語，故填定語，故填dangerous。 .16 Teachers must try their best to make most of their stude

15、nts _ (interest) in the subject 解析：因所填詞在句中作賓語解析：因所填詞在句中作賓語most of their students的補足語，用形容詞；表示的補足語，用形容詞；表示”感興趣的感興趣的”，填，填interested。.17 1.In this lecture, I can only give you a purely _ (person) view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future. 2.If I find someone who

16、 looks like the suspect, my _(immediately) reaction will be to tell the police.personal immediate .18 技巧技巧2：作主語、在及物動詞或：作主語、在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式用名詞形式；在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在在”冠詞冠詞(+形容詞形容詞)”后，后，用名詞用名詞形式。要注意名詞形式。要注意名詞是否用復數是否用復數形式。如：形式。如：.19 1. Always read the _ (instruct) on the bottle careful

17、ly and take the right amount of medicine. 2. On the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ (choose) for a wedding in some countries. 3. We take _ (proud) in the prosperity of our country.instructions choice pride .20 4. the remains date from this period because of their _ (s

18、imilar) to those found elsewhere. 5. instructors expect students to be familiar with _ (inform) in the readingsimilarities information .21技巧技巧3：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。如： 1Volunteering is becoming _ (increase) popular in China. 2 I wasnt blaming anyone; I _ (mere) sa

19、id errors like this could be avoided.increasingly merely .22 3.The island is _ (equal) attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons. 4.Do you think shopping online will _ (final) take the place of shopping in stores?equally finally .23 技巧技巧4：括號中所給詞有可能是：括號中所給詞有可能是要求

20、詞義轉換，詞類不一定要要求詞義轉換，詞類不一定要變，變，主要是考查具有與詞根意主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞義相反的派生詞，需根據句子，需根據句子意思及前后邏輯關系，在詞根意思及前后邏輯關系，在詞根前加前加un-, im-等，在詞根后加等，在詞根后加-less等。等。如：.24 1. With the time going by, he was increasing concerned that his aim was _ (hope) to achieve. 2. _(fortunate), when he hurried to the station, he found the tr

21、ain had left five minutes.hopeless Unfortunately .25 技巧技巧5：括號中所給：括號中所給動詞動詞也不一也不一定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂定是考動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)或非謂語動詞，而是考詞類轉換；若語動詞，而是考詞類轉換；若是形容詞或副詞，有可能是考是形容詞或副詞，有可能是考查其查其比較等級比較等級。如：。如：.26 1there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _ (attract) 2 The other frog went on jumping as hard

22、as he couldHe jumped even _ (hard) and finally made himself out. 3.Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _ (popular).more popular attractions harder .27 4. Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday, destr

23、oying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said. The _ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. worst .28綜合練習：綜合練習：根據以上技巧完成下面的語法填空根據以上技巧完成下面的語法填空.29語篇填空語篇填空：閱讀下列短文，按照句子結構的語：閱讀下列短文，按照

24、句子結構的語法性，用括號中所給詞語的適當形式填空。法性，用括號中所給詞語的適當形式填空。(A) A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1_ (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and youre 55 years old, Im going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year!” But the father e

25、xclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, dont do it now; Im too busy!”monthly .30 The youngster immediately fell 2_ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 3_ (apology) the father said, “You can finish later.” The boy said nothing but 4_ (quiet) walked away, 5_ (disappoint) written over his face. That ev

26、ening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!” But the boy didnt respond. 6_ (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote. silent Apologically quietly disappointment Unfortunately .31 “If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7_ (thought)

27、words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.” Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be 8_ (warm) accepted or it will be taken as 9_ (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10_ (importance) than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near

28、and precious to us. Because. there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy.thoughtless warmly rejection important 粗心的相互的.32(B) The Edinburgh International Festival is over fifty years old and has earned its reputation as one of the worlds greatest 1_ (celebrate) of the arts. The 2_

29、(found) of the Festival believed that the Festival programmes should be of the highest possible artistic standard presented by the best 3_(art) in the world, that the Festival should enliven(使活躍使活躍) and 4_(rich) the cultural life of Europe, Britain and Scotland and that it should provide a period of

30、 flowering of the human spirit.celebrations founders artists enrich .33 The Edinburgh International Festival has developed 5_(significance) over the years, yet the founders 6_(origin) intentions are closely reflected in the current aims and objectives.significantly original .34Each year during the s

31、ummer months Edinburgh becomes the worlds Festival City. It is the huge range and number of artistic events, 7_(perform) and exhibitions happening throughout the city which makes Edinburgh 8_(forget). It makes you feel that there is always something else happening around the corner which you are 9_(

32、miss). This is 10_(evitable可以避免的可以避免的)part of the joy of the Festival. performances unforgettable missing inevitable .35 The _ (die) of composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 35 may have been caused by complications stemming from strep throat, according to a Dutch study published on Monday. Since the _ (compose) death in 1791, there have been _ (vary) theories about the cause of his _ (time) end, from intentional poisoning, to rheumatic fever, to trichinosis, a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or underco