高考英語語法精講與精練：第二章 代詞

1、高考英語語法精講與精練：第二章 代詞第三章 代詞精講與精練一、代詞講前練：代詞語篇填空訓(xùn)練What on earth does happiness mean？I cant give you its exact definition, but Im sure if you love and help 1_, you will get it. Ill never forget an old lady. She lives in a small house alone.Its said that her husband and her son died in a road accident year

2、s ago. 2_life is bitter, but she often helps others with a smile. Whenever it snows, 3_ is always the first to clean the paths.She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of 4_. I often remember the stories she told us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is unlucky, but I think she is a hap

3、py person. Her life is full of laughter and love.But Im sad to see some people getting 5_ happiness in bad ways. They talk noisily in cinemas and meeting rooms; they destroy trees to enjoy 6_and they laugh at 7_ shortcomings. Perhaps they feel happy at that time, but they will never get true happine

4、ss because they have lost their personality already. Now I know 8_ happiness is. 9_ means kindness,love and unselfishness. Above all, I have come to understand that bringing happiness to others is getting 10_ happiness.Keys:1. others 2. Her 3. she 4.them 5.their 6.themselves 7.others 8.what 9. It 10

5、.ourselves二代詞考點精講1. 人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞的用法：圖片含有反身代詞的短語有：be oneself (人)處于正常狀態(tài)by oneself 獨自地; 單獨地come to oneself蘇醒過來; 醒悟過來; 恢復(fù)理性for oneself 為自己; 獨力地; 親自地seat oneself 坐下speak to oneself 自言自語dress oneself 自己穿衣devote oneself to 致力于.enjoy oneself 過的快活help oneself to 隨便吃、隨便用teach oneself 自學(xué)make oneself at home

6、不受約束say to oneself 心里想2.指示代詞及疑問代詞1)指示代詞主要有：近指：this這個，these這些；也可指下文將要談到的人或物。遠(yuǎn)指：that那個，those那些，也可指上文提到的人或物。2) 疑問代詞(who, whom, whose, which, what等)在句中可用作主語、表語、賓語、定語等：EG:Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡，你喜歡那樣？3）疑問詞 + to do：在句中作主語或賓語。EG:I dont know what to do with the money?我不知道如何處理這些錢。3. one，one

7、s, that, those, it做替代詞時的用法：it 可以代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞代替同類同物，只能指物。them/they是it的復(fù)數(shù)形式，代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞one同類異物，代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，表泛指，可以指人也可以指物。ones 是one 的復(fù)數(shù)，代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞。that用于同類比較中，代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，表特指，可以指人也可指物。those 是that的復(fù)數(shù)，代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞。舉例說明1).Yesterday I bought a new bike. It is blue.(it指前文剛提到的單數(shù)名詞a new bike,是同類同一事物）2).A bridge made of st

8、one is stronger than one made of wood（one是單數(shù)與前文不定冠詞對應(yīng)，與指代的a bridge是同類非同一事物，泛指）3).The bridge made of stone is stronger than that made of wood.（that=the one 表示特指與前文定冠詞the對應(yīng)，與指代的the bridge是同類非同一事物，特指）4).The people who are standing there are those(=the ones) from Japan(the ones 與those復(fù)數(shù)特指，與定冠詞the people

9、對應(yīng)）5).Bridges made of stone are stronger than ones made of wood(ones不定指的復(fù)數(shù)，與前文的bridges 對應(yīng)）小試牛刀：1. At our factory there are a few machines similar to_described in this magazine.Key:those/the ones2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than_ on the small ones.Key:that3. To her joy

10、, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _of her colleagues.Key:that4.Look at the bird. _often comes to my window. Key: it5.I havent got a pen. Can you lend me _. key:one4.It 的用法1）指時間，距離，天氣，日期，溫度等；Its early spring, but it is already hot.2）當(dāng)說話者弄不清對方是誰，不清楚或沒必要知道說話對象的性別時；Someone is knock

11、ing at the door, who can it be?3）作形式主語或形式賓語，代替to do, doing, 或從句；It is important for us to be cheerful when facing the trouble.4）用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 “ It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who. ”It is years of hard work that made him what he is today.5)用于固定搭配：It is a pity/a shame that. 真可惜/丟人It is no wonder that. 難怪.It seems/

12、appears that . 似乎/ 好像. It looks/seems as if/ as though. 看起來好像.It happens that . 碰巧.It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that. 某人突然想起.It was/will be + 一段時間 + before從句過了/要過多久才.It wasnt/ wont + 一段時間 + before從句沒過多久就.5.other, others, the other和another的用法.other表示泛指，意為“另外的、別的、其它的”。常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。Other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞=oth

13、ers.others：表示泛指，意為“別的人或物”，但不指剩下的全部。如：Many students are playing on the playground Some are playing football；others(=other students) are playing basketball.the other：表示兩者中的另外一個。可單獨使用，也可后接單數(shù)名詞。如：The old man has two sons One is a worker，the other is a teacher注意：the others:可表示其余的全部且不止一個。如：We shall do som

14、e cleaning this afternoon Group One will clean the wall Group Two will clean the windows The other students (The others) will sweep the floor.another常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一個”。它可單獨使用，也可后接名詞。如果其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則表示“又、再、還”。如：This cap is too small for me Show me another (one)We need another three assistants in our shop

15、6.all和both的用法這兩個詞都可表示“都”，但all表示三者或三者以上的人或物，both則表示兩個人或物。它們都表示肯定意義，但如果它們與not連用時，則表示部分否定。如：All of them are middle school students His parents are both teachersBoth of his parents arent workers All of the students arent here on time7.neither和either的用法這兩個詞都可用于表示兩個人或物。neither表示否定意義,意為“（兩者中的每一個）都不”；而eithe

16、r則表示肯定意義，意為“（兩者中的每一個）都”。它們用作代詞時，可單獨使用，也可同介詞of連用。用作形容詞時，則可用于修飾后面的單數(shù)名詞。如：Neither of them can speak Chinese Either of them can speak ChineseThere are trees on either side of the street There are trees on neither side of the street8.few和little的用法few用作不定代詞時，可用于替代可數(shù)名詞，表示否定意義。表示肯定意義時，則要用a few。此外，few還可用作形容詞

17、，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞。如：Few students in this school can speak JapaneseThere are still a few students in the classroomlittle用作不定代詞時，用于代替不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定意義。表示肯定意義時，要用a little。用作形容詞時，則要修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：He is now out of work and can earn little moneyI can speak a little French不定代詞的固定搭配：one another （三者或三者以上）互相 each other(兩者)互相on

18、e . another. （三者或三者以上）一個.另一個.one . the other . （兩者中）一個.另一個.some . others. 一些.另一些.三、代詞應(yīng)考技巧：1、在語法填空題中，空格處作主語或賓語，考慮是填代詞，通過句子成分確定填什么代詞：分析句子成分，如果句中缺主語，則可能填入人稱代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞或it; 如果缺賓語，則可能填入人稱代詞賓格；如果主語和賓語是指同一人，則填反身代詞。On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby.通過句式結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否填it根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷句子是否為

19、it的特殊句式。I would appreciate _if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.Key:it2、在改錯題中，重點考慮代詞的指代錯誤，如女性用了he指代，主格與賓格的誤用，名詞性與形容詞性物主代詞的誤用。四、考點精練(一)、單句語法填空1.【2021·全國乙卷】Ecotourism has 63_(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.key: its 2.【2021·新高考卷】As the song

20、 goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in 64(I).Key:mine 句意：正如歌中所唱，這條漫長而曲折的道路“永遠(yuǎn)不會消失”，它將永遠(yuǎn)留在游客的記憶中。對我來說確實如此。根據(jù)前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句為does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏賓語，應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞mine指代my memory。故填

21、mine。3.【2021·浙江高考卷】She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of41（she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.Key：herself 句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的寫照，一切都很有品位，井井有條。根據(jù)句意可知，此處意為“她自己”，可知此處考查反身代詞；提示詞she的反身代詞是herself。故填herself。4.【2020·全國卷】Data about the moons composition, such as

22、 how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. Key:its5.【2019·北京卷】Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper to 3(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. Key:myself 7. In many ways , the education s

23、ystem in the US is not very different from _in the UK.key:that8. The meeting will be held in September, but_ knows the date for sure.key：nobody9. How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?key：it10. The qual

24、ity of education in this small school is better than _in some larger schools.key:that11. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the.Key：other12. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but_contained any useful suggestions.key:neither13

25、. Whos that at the door?_is the milkman.key:it14. A smile costs _, but gives much.key：nothing15. Susan made_ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. key:it16. When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?_. Ill be in all day. key:Either17. In some countries, people eat with cho

26、psticks, while in, knives and forks.key:others18. Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.key:it19. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making _ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.key:it 20. I've lived in New York and C

27、hicago, but don't like _ of them very much.key:either21.【2016新課標(biāo)I，43題】A few hours before,Id been at home in Hong Kong, with_(it) choking smog. key:its22.【2018·全國I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced t

28、he risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. Key:that/which23.【2018·全國I】Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give_a try.Key:it/running24.【2

29、018·全國II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program_gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.Key:that/which25.【2018·全國III】When the gorillas and I frightened

30、 each other, I was just glad to find _(they) alive. Key:them26.【2018·全國III】I'm not sure _ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Key:which27.【2018·浙江】Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they r

31、ealize how cheap _ can be to eat out. Key:it(二)、單句語法改錯1.【2021年全國甲卷】Some will turn to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our own.Key: littlefew; a little代指不可數(shù)名詞，a few 代指可數(shù)名詞。在這里指少部分的學(xué)生， 可數(shù)名詞，故把little 改為few。ourtheir 考查代詞。On one's own表示靠自己。這里省略主語st

32、udents, 主語相當(dāng)于Only a little students， 其后應(yīng)該是their。故our改為their。2.【2021年全國乙卷】In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, .That's our view on housework. Key: ourmy3.【2020·全國卷I】Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into the pan together. Not that way， my mom tri

33、ed to stop us but failed. Key：usme4.【2020·全國卷II】Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.Keys：yoursyour / you句意：祝你在中國學(xué)習(xí)功夫好運。分析句子，best luck of you 譯為“祝你好運”是固定短語。故將your改為you。/句中的yours為名詞性物主代詞，不可修飾后面的動名詞。故將yours改為your。5.【2020·全國卷III】I tell my mom that if were forced to eat things, we

34、 may become ill. But he insists on us eating healthy food. Key：heshe6.【2019·全國卷I】 From then on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. Key:劃掉my7.【2017·全國卷II】Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. key:allboth8.【2017·全國卷III】Around me in the picture are the things

35、they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. key: theythat/which9.【2017·全國卷III】 When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how fast time flies., This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.key: yourmy10.【201

36、6·全國新課標(biāo)I】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steadily.【ourhis】11.【2016·全國新課標(biāo)II】If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 【youour】12.【2016·全國新課

37、標(biāo)III】At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.【yourselfmyself】13.【2016·四川】When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.【herhis】14.【2015·陜西】My soccer coach retired last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. 【anythingsomething】15.【2015·浙江】 Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.【themit】16.【2015·新課標(biāo)全國I】We must found ways to protect your environment.【yourour】17.【2015·新課標(biāo)全國II】Tony was