英語專業(yè)四級語法復(fù)習(xí)資料.課件

1、FOR TEM 4 Grammar說明 以下總結(jié)的專四?？键c(diǎn)，我們不著重與詳盡的語法介紹，只是對歷年專四常考的語法進(jìn)行總結(jié)。我們的目標(biāo)是對于必考語法點(diǎn)完全拿下。一 比較結(jié)構(gòu)(comparative Construction)英語中比較結(jié)構(gòu)最主要有三種：1. asas 結(jié)構(gòu)2. morethan 結(jié)構(gòu)3. the most結(jié)構(gòu)1.asas結(jié)構(gòu)基本模式：as+adj/adv (原級）+as否定形式：1) not as/so+adj/adv (原級）+as 2)也可用 lessthan e.g John is as bright as Bob.(否定）John is not as bright as

2、 Bob. John is less bright than Bob.用法：1.主語不同，比較項(xiàng)目相同。 This parcel is as heavy as that one.2. 主語相同，比較項(xiàng)目不同。The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful. 這姑娘既漂亮又聰明。3.主語和比較項(xiàng)目都不同。 The swimming pool isnt twice as wide as that one is long.（倍數(shù)+as+adj/adv+as.)另一種模式：as much/many + n +as 否定形式：not as/so much/m

3、any + n +as1) He took as much butter as he need.He didnt take as/so much butter as he needed.2) She has written as many essays as her brother (does).She hasnt written as many essays as her brother (does).變體形式：as + adj(原級）+名詞詞組 + as(注意下列句子的語序）1.George is as efficient a worker as Jack. (名詞的意義受到強(qiáng)調(diào)）or G

4、eorge is a worker (who is) as efficient as Jack. (形容詞的意義受到強(qiáng)調(diào)）2. I dont want as expensive a car as this.2. more than結(jié)構(gòu)1) 用于在兩個(gè)人或物之間作同一方面的比較。The concert was more enjoyable than lecture.2)用于同一個(gè)人或物的本身作不同方面的比較。The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis. 當(dāng)前的危機(jī)與其說是經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，不如說是政治危機(jī)。 此用

5、法也可用于lessthan結(jié)構(gòu)，但得出相反的含義。The present crisis is much less a political than an economic crisis.當(dāng)前的危機(jī)與其說是政治危機(jī)，不如說是經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。3.（the）+adj/adv最高級+比較范圍比較級形式表示最高級意義時(shí)，比較對象的范圍應(yīng)用：any other +單數(shù)名詞the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 the othersanyone/anything else上述詞是用來將比較級結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變成最高級意義的關(guān)鍵詞語，切不可遺漏，否則會(huì)造成邏輯混亂的錯(cuò)誤 。補(bǔ)充說明1 not soas & not so mu

6、ch as London isnt so big as Tokyo.倫敦沒有東京大。It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.(與其說我喜歡他的外表，不如說我喜歡他的為人。）前一例相當(dāng)于一般的比較結(jié)構(gòu)，后一例相當(dāng)于lessthan 的含義。 not so much as是一個(gè)專四?？冀Y(jié)構(gòu)。真題舉例：1.It is not so much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.(99,45)(07.57) 【注

7、：同一個(gè)句子專四考了兩次，這說明了反復(fù)看往年題的重要性】2. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness so much as by his lack of talent.(04,41)2.not more/-er than 與 no more/-er thanJohn is not better than Tom. (否定前者，肯定后者)John is no better than Tom.(對前后者都否定）真題舉例：Over population pose a terrible t

8、hreat to human race. Yet it is probably not more a threat than environmental destruction.(07.62)3.no more than (=notany more than)兩者一樣都不A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鯨不是魚，如同馬不是魚一樣。Fat cannot change into muscle any more than muscle changes into fat.(99.44)脂肪不能變成肌肉，就如同肌肉不能變成脂肪一樣。4. the mor

9、ethe more與 more and morethe more.the more表示兩個(gè)過程中同時(shí)遞增，是主從結(jié)構(gòu)。more and more 只表示一個(gè)過程的不斷增長。如the wilder the range of our life and the more various the contacts we have, the wilder and suppler must be our command over a rang of English styles.5. “of a +n” 的比較級“of a +n”相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，表示具有后面那個(gè)名詞的性質(zhì)；若該名詞為可數(shù)名詞，名詞之前要

10、加不定冠詞。它的比較級也要用more來修飾。如He is more of a doctor. 他更像個(gè)醫(yī)生。該結(jié)構(gòu)也可以用于同級比較結(jié)構(gòu)中。如He is as of an athlete as she. 他和她一樣具備運(yùn)動(dòng)員的素質(zhì)。二 虛擬語氣 1.主從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)主從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)(1)掌握主從句謂語動(dòng)詞的規(guī)范搭配: 主 句 從 句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 would/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式+dowere (不分人稱)/did 與過去事實(shí)相反 would/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式+have done had done 與將來事實(shí)相反 would/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去式+do should do / were to do

11、 1.Would you have been surprised if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know before hand ? (04年) 與過去事實(shí)相反2.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd people there.（00年）與過去事實(shí)相反3. If your car should need any attention during the first 12 months,take

12、it to an authorized dealer. （98年）(2)區(qū)分主從句表示的不同時(shí)間概念：主從句謂語動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間不同，這叫做錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句，動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來調(diào)整。如：Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.(主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句與過去事實(shí)相反)Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our ch

13、airman now.(主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句與過去事實(shí)相反)(3)識別事實(shí)和假設(shè)混合句：Your maths instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time. (句子前半部分為假設(shè)情況，而“父母病了”是事實(shí)) I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I wa

14、s fully occupied the whole of last week.(前半部分為假設(shè)，后半部分是事實(shí)) 2.名詞性從句的虛擬形式名詞性從句的虛擬形式名詞性從句是指賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。從句的謂語動(dòng)詞需用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬?？忌鷳?yīng)熟悉： (1)下列動(dòng)詞做謂語時(shí)，that賓語從句中的動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式：desire, advise, recommend, command, direct, order, ask, demand, request, require, insist, maintain, move, propose, prefer, urge,

15、 vote。如：In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.I move that he be discharged for his serious mistake.(2)下列形容詞和分詞做表語或補(bǔ)語時(shí)，that主語從句中動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式：advisable, desirable, insistent, preferable, urgent, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, essential, imperative, important, necessary, o

16、bligatory, possible, probable, proper, vital, advised, arranged, commanded, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, required, suggested。如：The board deem it urgent that these files should be printed right away.It is essential that all these figures be checked twice.真題舉例：1.It is

17、absolutely essential that William continue his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65)2.It is imperative that the government attract more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(06.59)3. The opening ceremony is great occasion. It is essential for us to be prepared for that.(3)下列名詞接同位

18、語從句或表語從句時(shí)，從句中動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式：insistence, preference, recommendation, suggestion, proposal, motion, desire, requirement, request, order, necessity, importance, regulation, rule, resolution, understanding。如：John Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it

19、be analyzed in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference. 3.含蓄虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式含蓄虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式含蓄虛擬語氣是指假設(shè)條件不通過if從句表達(dá)，而是暗含在其他結(jié)構(gòu)中。考生應(yīng)熟悉：(1)連詞but, but that, or, or else；副詞otherwise, unfortunately等表示轉(zhuǎn)折假設(shè)。如：A safety analysis would have identified the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was

20、 never done.Victor obviously doesnt know whats happened; otherwise he wouldnt have made such a stupid remark.(2)介詞短語暗含假設(shè)條件，常用的有：without, but for, under more favorable conditions等。如：But for your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.（94年）(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/plann

21、或was/were +不定式完成式或hadintended/meant/planned/hoped/wished+不定式一般式暗示虛擬語氣。如：I intended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time.(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成式暗示虛擬語氣。如：I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didnt. 4.常用虛擬形式的句型常用虛擬形式的句型(1)從句中動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去完成式表示虛擬的句型：would rather would as soon as thoug

22、h supposehad rather would sooner as if supposingIf only It is (high) time that(從句中動(dòng)詞只用過去式)Its high time we stopped cutting down the rainforests.(06,54)(2)If it were not for (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反) If it had not been for (與過去事實(shí)相反) 相當(dāng)于but for。如：If it had not been for his help (= but for his help), we would not have

23、 succeeded.(3)If only謂語動(dòng)詞視情況選用適當(dāng)?shù)男问?。如：If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. If only the patient had received a different treatment instead of using antibiotics, he might still be alive now. (07,54)If only I could play the guitar as well as

24、you!(06年)(4)lest/for fear that/in case 從句謂語用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形。如：The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(5)whetheror有時(shí)謂語用be的原形，引導(dǎo)讓步虛擬從句，這種用法經(jīng)常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.The bu

25、siness of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.三 時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài)需要掌握的要點(diǎn)：1.表達(dá)將來時(shí)的形式：表達(dá)將來時(shí)的形式： (1)在時(shí)間、條件、讓步從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，但要注意區(qū)別從句的類型，如：Ill tell him when you will ring again. 我告訴他你什么時(shí)候再來電話。(賓語從句)比較：Ill tell him when you ring again.你再打電話時(shí)我告訴他。(狀語從句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see

26、(to it) 后的that從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didnt know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式 ）2.完成時(shí)是時(shí)態(tài)測試的重點(diǎn)，注意與完成時(shí)連完成時(shí)是時(shí)態(tài)測試的重點(diǎn)，注意與完成時(shí)連用的句型和時(shí)間狀語：用的句型和時(shí)間狀語： (1)by/between/up to/till +過去時(shí)間、since、by the time/when +表示過去發(fā)生情況的從句，主句用過去完

27、成時(shí)。如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年時(shí)已發(fā)生的情況)(2)by +將來時(shí)間、by the time/ when +謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句，主句用將來完成時(shí)。如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have sta

28、yed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +過去時(shí)間、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具體數(shù)字)years/days/months，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 但在it is +具體時(shí)間since/before這一句型中，主句更多的時(shí)候不用完成時(shí)。如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during

29、 the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.It is four years since John left school.(4)在It is the +序數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級+that的定語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如： It isnt the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation

30、.(5)在no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen句型中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)。 3.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)指動(dòng)作在完成時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上還要繼續(xù)下去。如： The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened.真題舉例：1.Jack has been missing from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.(03,42)2.For some time now, world

31、 leader have been pointing out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.(02,43)時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài)答題思路 (1)先根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的區(qū)別點(diǎn)確定考題要點(diǎn)為時(shí)態(tài)，然后回到題句中尋找給出的或暗示的時(shí)間狀語，縮小選擇范圍，進(jìn)而選出正確答案； (2)根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞與句子主語或非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系，確定句子是主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。有關(guān)于時(shí)態(tài)的歷年真題：1.Linda was to have started the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the l

32、ast minute.(07,55)【將來完成時(shí)】2. James has just arrived, but I didnt know he was coming until yesterday.(05年）【過去進(jìn)行時(shí)】3. I have been and always will be conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.(05年）四四 平行結(jié)構(gòu)平行結(jié)構(gòu) 1.注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中相比較的內(nèi)容在語法形式注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中相比較的內(nèi)容在語法形式上是否相同。如：上是否相同。如： It is better to die on ones feet tha

33、n to live on ones knees. Despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it. 2.其他具有并列或比較意義的短語。其他具有并列或比較意義的短語。 (1)rather than, let alone 雖不是并列連詞，但在結(jié)構(gòu)上連接兩個(gè)語法形式相同的成分。如：We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style rather than in a p

34、ersonal style.For the new country to survive, let alone for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.(2)如果平行的兩個(gè)成分在形式上是介詞短語，而且介詞相同，一般說來第二個(gè)介詞不要省略。如： At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the feature

35、s and editorials.五 非謂語動(dòng)詞（一）不定式1.1.不定式做主語不定式做主語(1)引導(dǎo)邏輯主語的介詞：不定式的邏輯主語一般由介詞for引導(dǎo),但下列表示人的性格行為特征的形容詞做表語時(shí), 不定式的邏輯主語則由of引導(dǎo)： absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cr

36、uel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如： Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy. Its clever of you to have invented such a device.(2)不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語：掌握常用不定式做主語補(bǔ)足語的句型。注意不定式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，并采用相應(yīng)形式。如：be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.The Minister

37、of France is believed to be thinking of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.(04年）Professor Johnson is said to have made some significant advance in his research in the past year.(99年) 2.不定式做賓語不定式做賓語掌握要求接不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞：afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, ende

38、avor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, request, swear, tend, venture。如：Even though the children pretended to be asleep, the nurses were not deceived when they came into the room. 3.不定式做定語不定式做定語(1)被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定詞時(shí)，該名詞用不定式做定語。如： In 1938 Pear S. Buck became th

39、e first American woman to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature.(2)如果其動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語，相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如：tendency to dotend to do, decision to dodecide to do This book is an attempt to help you use English and recognize how it is used. (3)如果其形容詞形式要求接不定式做補(bǔ)語，相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如：ambition to do “干的雄心”be ambitiou

40、s to do“有雄心干”curiosity to do “對的好奇心”be curious to do“對好奇”ability to do“做的能力”able to do“有能力做”According to Darwin, random changes that enhance a species ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to succeeding generation. (4)表示方式、原因、時(shí)間、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等名詞用不定式做定語，這些名詞包括：way, method, reason, time, pla

41、ce, chance, occasion, opportunity, evidence, power, right, movement, drive (運(yùn)動(dòng))，effort等。如：I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time to catch the last bus.We appreciate your efforts to bring about a comprehensive solution to the existing problem.(5)不定代詞something, nothing, littl

42、e, much, a lot習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語。如： Though we have made great progress, there is still much to be improved. 4.不定式做狀語不定式做狀語不定式做狀語主要表示目的、程度、結(jié)果、方式。(1)in order to(do), so as to(do)結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)目的狀語，so as to不能置于句首。 (2)soas to, suchas to, enoughto, tooto結(jié)構(gòu)做程度狀語。如：The solution works only for couples who are self-employed,

43、dont have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together.The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed.(3)不定式做結(jié)果狀語只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，表示不愉快的結(jié)果，有時(shí)用only加強(qiáng)語氣。常見的不定式動(dòng)詞有find, hear, see, be told, form, g

44、ive, make, produce等。如：Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighbouring country, only to be captured by the police each time.(99年)(4)not/never too to, too not to, but/only tooto, too

45、ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義。如：I am only too pleased to hear from you further. 能再聽到你的消息，我太高興了。（二）動(dòng)名詞 1.必須接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞必須接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞牢記下列要求接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞：acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, confess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, ima

46、gine, involve, justify, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 2.動(dòng)名詞做介詞短語動(dòng)名詞做介詞短語尤其要識別下列短語中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號：object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be

47、accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, preferto, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the

48、 way to。 真題舉例：1.The meeting was put off because we objected to having a meeting without John.(05,62)2. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid being beaten.(96年）（三）分詞分詞起形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中做定語或狀語。在概念上應(yīng)清楚： 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行。 過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，表示動(dòng)作結(jié)束了的狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。1.分詞做

49、定語，弄清現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)分詞做定語，弄清現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別別分詞短語做定語相當(dāng)于省略了的定語從句，考生應(yīng)掌握：(1)現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾詞之間具有主動(dòng)意義。如：Its easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.(相當(dāng)于the changes which take place.) There was a very interesting remark in a

50、 book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相當(dāng)于which gave.) How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion? (相當(dāng)于How many of us who will attend.) (2)過去分詞與被修飾詞之間具有被動(dòng)意義。如：Good

51、news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered. (相當(dāng)于recapture of the port which had been announced) Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone added to the system, so does the

52、value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out. (相當(dāng)于each new phone which is added to) The author gave a detailed description based on his personal observation of nature. (相當(dāng)于description which was based on)(3)下列不及物動(dòng)詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語，但不具有被動(dòng)意義：deceased, departed, elapsed, faded, fal

53、len, gone, grown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-travelled, newly arrived, recently come。如：an escaped prisoner一個(gè)逃犯a retired worker一位退休工人a faded curtain一個(gè)褪了色的窗簾a newly arrived student一個(gè)新來的學(xué)生 2.分詞做狀語，注意區(qū)分分詞的一般式與完成式分詞做狀語，注意區(qū)分分詞的一般式與完成式 (1)表示時(shí)間，多置于句首，注意如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作的時(shí)間先于謂語動(dòng)詞，要用完成式。如：Having

54、 completed one task, we started on another one. (complete先于start之前發(fā)生) (2)表示原因，置于句首句尾均可，根據(jù)情況有時(shí)要用完成式，有時(shí)用一般式。如：He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considered insufficiently popular with all members.There seemed little hope that the explorer, having been deserted in the trop

55、ical forest, would find his way through it.(3)表示伴隨、方式，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：Helen borrowed my dictionary the other day saying that she would return it soon.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely lost to the outside world.(4)表示結(jié)果，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：The city found itself in a crisis situation la

56、st summer when the air conditioning on dozens of the new buses broke down, them unusable.(5)表示補(bǔ)充說明(同位)，置于句尾，用分詞的一般式。如：The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each making one major point in contrast with the other.Ford tried dividing the labor, each worker assigned a separ

57、ate task.3.分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)分詞的邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則分詞短語要有自己的邏輯主語，稱為分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)只是句子的一個(gè)部分。如：All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.Darkness setting in, the young couple lingered on merrymaking. 真題舉例：1.Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth

58、, wheat being by far the biggest cereal crop.(03)2. Time permitting, the celebration will be held as scheduled.（03）3.There being nothing for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.(00)非謂語動(dòng)詞的其他考點(diǎn)：1.不定式的習(xí)慣用法不定式的習(xí)慣用法句型：cannot help but do cannot but docannot choose but do can do not

59、hing but dohave no choice/alternative but to do上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。如： Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction. When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his

60、 gift.2. 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，-ed形式或者不定式做主語時(shí)，若需要否定時(shí)not放在動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，-ed形式或者不定式符號to 前面。Not obtained a ticket for match, he can now only watch it on TV at home.(94,98 年）Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life.(01年) 3.動(dòng)名詞的習(xí)慣用法動(dòng)名詞的習(xí)慣用法句型：be busy/active doing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.