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1、在此先預(yù)祝老師新春快樂,合家幸福,萬事如意!課程名稱:洪水調(diào)節(jié)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)老師:玄英姬班級(jí):網(wǎng)選1班 學(xué)號(hào):姓名: 洪水調(diào)節(jié)課程設(shè)計(jì)1、 課程設(shè)計(jì)目的 洪水調(diào)節(jié)目的:定量地找出入庫洪水、下泄洪水、攔蓄洪水的庫容、水庫水位的變化、泄洪建筑物型式和尺寸間的關(guān)系,為確定水庫的有關(guān)參數(shù)和泄洪建筑型式選擇、尺寸確定提供依據(jù)。分別對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、校核洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),按照上述擬定的泄洪建筑物的類型、尺寸和水庫運(yùn)用方式,分別采用列表試算法和半圖解法推求水庫下泄流量過程,以及相應(yīng)的庫容、水位變化過程。2、 設(shè)計(jì)基本資料 某水利樞紐工程以發(fā)電為主,兼有防洪、供水、養(yǎng)殖等綜合效益,電站裝機(jī)為5000KW,年發(fā)電量1372
2、×104 kw·h,水庫庫容0.55億m3。擋水建筑物為混凝土面板壩,最大壩高84.80m。溢洪道堰頂高程519.00m,采用3孔8m×6m(寬×高)的弧形門控制。水庫正常蓄水位525m,電站發(fā)電引用流量為10m3/s。本工程采用3孔溢洪道泄洪,設(shè)計(jì)洪水來臨時(shí),用左右2孔泄洪;校核洪水來臨時(shí),用3孔泄洪。在洪水期間洪水來臨時(shí),先用閘門控制下泄流量q并使其等于洪水來水量Q,使水庫水位保持在防洪限制水位不變;當(dāng)洪水來水量Q繼續(xù)增大時(shí),閘門逐漸打開;當(dāng)閘門達(dá)到全開后,就不再用閘門控制,下泄流量q隨水庫水位Z的升高而增大,流態(tài)為自由流態(tài),情況與無閘門控制一樣。3
3、、 洪水調(diào)節(jié)演算一、洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的確定 1.工程等別的確定由設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)象的基本資料可知,該水利樞紐工程以發(fā)電為主,并兼有其他綜合效益,電站裝機(jī)為0.5104kW,水庫庫容0.55108m3。若僅由裝機(jī)容量0.5104kW為指標(biāo),根據(jù)下表所示的“水利水電工程分等指標(biāo)”,可將工程等別定為;若僅以水庫總庫容0.55108m3為指標(biāo),則可將工程等別定為。綜合兩種指標(biāo),取等級(jí)最高的等為工程最終等別。水 利 水 電 工 程 分 等 指 標(biāo)2洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的確定該水里工程的擋水建筑物為混凝土面板壩(基本資料可知),由已確定的為等的工程等別,根據(jù)下表水工建筑物洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),可查得,該工程設(shè)計(jì)洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為10050年,校核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為1
4、000500年,不妨取設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為100年,校核洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為1000年。山區(qū)、丘陵區(qū)水利水電工程永久性水工建筑物洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)【重現(xiàn)期(年)】二、洪水調(diào)節(jié)計(jì)算水位庫容關(guān)系高程(m)450460470480490500505庫容(104m3)018113.5359.3837.21573.62043.2高程(m)510515520525530535540庫容(104m3)2583.33201.33895.74683.85593.966707842.61. 列表試算法1)基本原理:根據(jù)水庫容積曲線V=f(Z)和堰頂溢流公式q=f(H),得出蓄泄方程q=f(V)。聯(lián)立水量平衡方程 V2 =V1 +(Q2+Q1q
5、2q1) q=f(V)可得q=f(V)=g(q),即q=g(q)。因該式收斂,故可用循環(huán)程序編寫,從而求出q。2)主要過程a.已知的電站發(fā)電引用流量為10m3/s,結(jié)合堰頂溢流公式,得出下泄流q=nbm+10 。(1) 式中:q通過溢流孔口的下泄流量,m3/s; n溢流孔孔口數(shù);其中計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)洪水時(shí)n取2,校核洪水時(shí)n取3; b溢流孔單孔凈寬,m ; g重力加速度,9.81m/s2; 閘墩側(cè)收縮系數(shù),與墩頭形式有關(guān),初步計(jì)算可假設(shè)為0.92; m流量系數(shù),與堰頂形式有關(guān),可查表,本工程取0.48; H0堰頂水頭,519m(已知,設(shè)計(jì)基本資料給出)。b.水位高程Z與堰頂水頭H的關(guān)系?;静牧峡芍?/p>
6、洪道堰頂高程為519m,則H=Z-519m。c.水庫容積曲線V=f(Z)的近似化。根據(jù)該設(shè)計(jì)的蓄泄情況,水位高程的變化范圍在520m535m之間,又由于水庫容積曲線在水位高程屬于520m535m之間的變化率較小,為方便計(jì)算,故可將其分段直線化以簡(jiǎn)化、近似計(jì)算d.將(1)式與水量平衡方程聯(lián)立。 V2 =V1 +(Q2+Q1q2q1) , q=nbm+10e本工程采用2孔溢洪道泄洪。在洪水期間洪水來臨時(shí),先用閘門控制下泄流量q并使其等于洪水來水量Q,使水庫水位保持在防洪限制水位不變;當(dāng)洪水來水量Q繼續(xù)增大時(shí),閘門逐漸打開;當(dāng)閘門達(dá)到全開后,就不再用閘門控制,下泄流量q隨水庫水位z的升高而增大,流態(tài)
7、為自由流態(tài),情況與無閘門控制一樣。上游防洪限制水位524.5m,下游無防汛要求。3)按設(shè)計(jì)洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行調(diào)洪演算A根據(jù)水庫汛期的控制運(yùn)用方式,確定調(diào)洪計(jì)算的起始條件,起調(diào)水位524.5m,庫容4604.99萬立方米。B 根據(jù)水庫容積曲線V=f(Z)和泄洪建筑物的泄洪能力,由q=nbm+10求出下泄流量與庫容的關(guān)系曲線q=f(V).C選取合適的計(jì)算時(shí)段,由設(shè)計(jì)洪水位過程線摘錄Q1,Q2,.決定起始計(jì)算時(shí)刻的q1.V1值,然后列表計(jì)算,計(jì)算過程中,對(duì)每一計(jì)算時(shí)段的q2,V2值都要進(jìn)行試算。圖1 Z-V圖水庫的總泄流量、水位、庫容關(guān)系計(jì)算表水庫的總泄流量、水位、庫容關(guān)系計(jì)算表庫水位Z(m)520521
8、522523524524.5525526527528529溢洪道堰頂水頭H(m)0123455.5678910庫容V(萬m³)3756.823895.74053.324210.944368.564526.184604.994683.84865.825047.845229.865411.88溢洪道泄量q溢(m³/s)031.29688.52162.62250.37349.9403.684459.96579.62708.16845989.69發(fā)電洞泄量q電(m³/s)101010101010101010101010總泄量q(m³/s)1041.29698.5
9、2172.62260.37359.9413.684469.96589.62718.16855999.69庫水位Z(m)530531532533534535536537538539540溢洪道堰頂水頭H(m)1112131415161718192021庫容V(萬m³)5593.95809.126024.346239.566454.7866706904.527139.047373.567608.087842.6溢洪道泄量q溢(m³/s)1141.791300.981466.941639.421818.172002.982193.672390.052591.962799.2630
10、11.8發(fā)電洞泄量q電(m³/s)1010101010101010101010總泄量q(m³/s)1151.791310.981476.941649.421828.272012.982203.672400.052601.962809.263021.8水庫容積與水位曲線水庫的q=f(Z)曲線水庫的q=f(v)曲線計(jì)洪水為100年,試算過程如下 表2(P=1%)時(shí)間t(h)入庫洪水流量(m³/s)時(shí)段平均入庫流量(m³/s)時(shí)段入庫水量(m³)下泄流量(m³/s)時(shí)段平均下泄流量(m³/s)時(shí)段下泄量(m³)時(shí)段水量變
11、化(m³)水庫存水容量V(m³)水庫水位(m)035354604.99524.51196115.541.58196115.541.5804604.99524.52524360129.6435.736315.868113.71215.8884620.878524.6013727625.5225.18469.579452.658162.95762.2234683.101524.99641220973.5350.46589.213529.397190.583159.8774842.978525.875513901305469.8759.325674.269242.737227.0
12、635070.041527.122612901340482.4897.326828.325298.197184.2035254.244528.134711901240446.4978.765938.0455337.696108.7045362.948528.7317.1951007.5151190231.9779641007.515993.13995193.60238.3765401.324528.94288531021.5367.74988.9211998.21805359.3588.3825371.329528.8069647750270932.14960.53055345.791-75.
13、7915295.538528.38910483565203.4844.887888.51335319.865-116.4655179.073527.74911437460165.5753.349799.11825287.683-122.1835056.891527.07812398417.5150.3673.533713.4413256.839-106.5394950.352526.49313348373134.28602.109637.821229.616-95.3364855.016525.96914294321115.56535.303568.70545204.7342-89.17447
14、65.842525.47915283288.5103.86476.648505.97465182.151-78.2914687.552525.04901626327398.28438.659457.653164.755-66.4754621.0765524.6351724525491.44245341.829123.059-31.6194604.99524.518224234.584.42224234.584.4204604.99524.51920421477.0420421477.0404604.99524.520183193.569.66183193.569.6604604.99524.5
15、2117117763.7217117763.7204604.99524.522154162.558.5154162.558.504604.99524.52314414953.6414414953.6404604.99524.524135139.550.22135139.550.2204604.99524.5設(shè)計(jì)洪水位過程線于下泄流量過程線如下圖入庫洪水過程線與下泄流量過程線Zt關(guān)系曲線庫容v與時(shí)間t曲線結(jié)果:最大下泄流量q=1007.515m³/s,發(fā)生在t=7.195h時(shí),正好是兩曲線的交點(diǎn),即為所求的最大下泄流量,此時(shí)是高水位,即設(shè)計(jì)洪水位,則z=528.942m,V=5401.
16、324萬m³同理,通過試算算出校核洪水位為1000年水庫的調(diào)洪計(jì)算表如下圖所示:調(diào)洪計(jì)算表(p=0.1%)時(shí)間t(h)入庫洪水流量(m³/s)時(shí)段平均入庫流量(m³/s)時(shí)段入庫水量(m³)下泄流量(m³/s)時(shí)段平均下泄流量(m³/s)時(shí)段下泄量(m³)時(shí)段水量變化(m³)水庫存水容量V(m³)水庫水位(m)050504604.99524.5129617362.28296115.541.5804604.99524.52680488175.68449.647372.823134.21641.4644646
17、.454524.76131300990356.4571.310510.479183.772172.6284819.081525.743420001650594827.668699.489251.816342.1835161.265527.6235230021507741141.929984.799354.527419.4725580.737529.9276210022007921407.7931274.861458.949333.0505913.787531.0487175019256931538.0391472.916530.249162.7506076.538532.2427.127061
18、548.8161649.408209.5791548.8161543.428196.11313.4666090.004532.305811801465527.41519.6461528.843550.383-22.9836053.5545325373.51398.2291458.938525.217-151.7175901.837531.43010817856308.161261.681329.955478.783-170.6235731.213530.63811709763274.681136.9821199.331431.759-157.0795574.13452
19、9.89112606657.5236.71023.031080.006388.802-152.1025422.032529.05513549577.5207.9917.1468970.088349.231-141.3315280.700528.27914477513184.68821.099869.123312.884-128.2045152.496527.57415440458.5165.06734.925778.012280.084-115.0245037.472526.94316414427153.72661.744698.334251.400-97.6804939.791526.406
20、17385399.5143.82599.420630.582227.009-83.1894856.602525.94918351368132.48544.422571.921205.891-73.4114783.190525.54619320335.5120.78494.77519.596187.054-66.2744716.916525.18120286303109.08454.377474.573170.846-61.7664655.149524.81821257271.597.74257355.688128.047-30.3074604.99524.522240248.589.46240
21、248.589.4604604.99524.52322623383.8822623383.8804604.99524.52421221978.8421221978.8404604.99524.5入庫流量過程線與下泄流量過程線水位Z與t的關(guān)系曲線庫容V與時(shí)間t曲線結(jié)果最大下泄流量q=1548.816m³/s發(fā)生在t=7.127h時(shí),正好是兩曲線的交點(diǎn),即為所求的最大下泄流量,此時(shí)是高水位,即校核洪水位。則z= 532.305 m,V=6090.004萬m³2.半圖解法 (1)按設(shè)計(jì)洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行調(diào)洪演算1)計(jì)算并繪制:V/t-q/2=f1(z) 輔助線、V/t+q/2=f2(z
22、) 輔助線、q=f(z)曲線。 計(jì)算時(shí)段取。計(jì)算過程見下表。利用表中第7、8欄的相應(yīng)數(shù)值繪制的V/t+q/2=f2(z)輔助線如圖,由6、8欄可繪出V/t-q/2=f1(z) 輔助線。由于分段中,隨q值的變化快慢的程度不大,所以輔助線為方便計(jì)算,可看作由分段直線段組成,不難算出其分段方程水庫設(shè)計(jì)洪水q=f(v/t+q/2)與q=f(v/t-q/2)單輔助曲線計(jì)算表(P=1%)水庫水位Z總庫容V總堰頂以上庫容VV/tq/2V/t-q/2(m³/sV/t+q/2q(萬m³)(萬m³)(萬m³)(m³/s)(m³/s)(m³/s)
23、(m³/s)(m³/s)123456785193756.820000005203895.7138.88385.7815.65365.127401.4331.35214053.32296.5823.6144.26774.351867.8788.525224210.94454.121261.4481.311175.1341342.76162.625234368.56611.741699.28125.191569.0971824.46250.375244526.18769.362137.11174.951957.1512312.06349.915254683.8926.98257
24、4.94229.982339.9542804.93459.975264865.8211093080.56289.812785.7453370.37579.625275047.841291.023586.17354.083227.0863940.25708.165285229.861473.044091.78422.513664.2774514.28845.015295411.881655.064597.39494.844097.5385092.23989.695305593.91837.085103570.94527.115673.91141.795315809.122052.35700.83
25、650.495045.3486351.321300.985326024.342267.526298.67733.475560.1967032.141466.945336239.562482.746896.5819.716071.797716.211639.425346454.782697.967494.33909.096580.2538403.421818.1753566702913.188092.171001.497085.6669093.662002.995366904.523147.78743.611096.847641.7819840.452193.675377139.043382.2
26、29395.061195.038195.03510590.082390.055387373.563616.7410046.51295.988745.5211342.482591.965397608.083851.2610697.941399.639293.31412097.582799.265407842.64085.7811349.391505.99838.47812855.293011.81V/t-q/2=f1(z) 輔助線V/t+q/2=f2(z) 輔助線q=f(z)曲線2)調(diào)洪計(jì)算求qt過程和庫水位過程。3)繪制Qt與qt過程線以及qZ過程線,求、(1)按校核洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行調(diào)洪演算
27、83;半圖解法調(diào)洪計(jì)算表(q=1%)時(shí)刻t(h)頻率0.1%Q(m3/s)時(shí)段平均入庫流量(m3/s)q/t+q/2q(m³/s)z(m)庫容v0352373.535524.54604.991196115.52454196524.54604.9925243602618435.78524.614622.3283727625.52807.74469.51524.994682.22441220973.53311.73589.287525.8734842.7035139013054027.443759.397527.12175069.9926129013404608.046897.39225
28、28.13365254.1787119012404950.654978.823528.73075362.86288531021.54993.331988.968528.8615386.57996477504754.363932.1686528.3895300.666104835654387.194844.902527.7475183.809114374604002.292753.417527.0785062.03812398417.53666.375673.578526.49234955.428133483733365.797602.136525.9694860.177142943213084
29、.661535.317525.47794770.78715283288.52837.844476.651525.04864692.64162632732634.193438.676524.6334625.48172452542449.517245524.54604.9918224234.52439.017224524.54604.99192042142429.017204524.54604.9920183193.52418.517183524.54604.99211711772412.517171524.54604.9922154162.52404.017154524.54604.992314
30、41492399.017144524.54604.9924135139.52394.517135524.54604.99V-t曲線 Z-t關(guān)系曲線Qt、qt過程曲線圖最大下泄流量qmax =988.968m³/s發(fā)生在t=8時(shí),正好是qt曲線與Qt曲線的交點(diǎn),即為所求的最大下泄流量。相應(yīng)時(shí)刻也是水位最大值,即為設(shè)計(jì)洪水位z=528.805m,V=5386.579萬m³(2)按校核洪水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行調(diào)洪演算同理,由調(diào)洪計(jì)算求q-t過程和庫水位過程。調(diào)洪的起始條件是防洪限制水位,Z=524.5m.半圖解法調(diào)洪計(jì)算表(p=0.1%)半圖解法調(diào)洪計(jì)算表(p=0.1%)時(shí)刻t(h)入庫流量
31、(m³/s)平均入庫流量(m³/s)v/t+q/2平均入庫流量(m³/s)q(m³/s)z(m)庫容v0502381.02850524.54604.9912961732504.028173296524.54604.9926804882696.028488442.9466524.80144652.497313009903243.081990572.9689525.75494821.2074200016504320.1121650828.9578527.63185162.845230021505641406529.94475583.8346210022006698.74922001408.769531.49095898.4747175019257214.9819251538.783532.24626077.2
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