國際支付及結算chapter 2

1、Chapter 2Introduction to International Payments and Settlements國際支付與結算概述國際支付與結算概述Chapter 2 Introduction2.1 Definitionfinancial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another in order to settle account, debts, claims,

2、 etc., emerged in the course of political, economic or cultural contacts among them.Chapter 2 IntroductionThey are money transfers as a result of international clearing, such as:(1)Visible trade; (2)Invisible trade; (3)Financial transaction; (4)Payments between governments; (5)Others.Chapter 2 Intro

3、ductionThe special implication of international payment and settlement practicenInternational trade settlement - the role of banksnInternational non-trade settlementChapter 2 Introduction2.2 Evolution1. From cash settlement to non-cash settlement2. From direct payment made between international trad

4、ers to payment effected trough a financial intermediary3. From payments under simple price terms to payments under more complex price terms4. Internet era13 century A.D.InstrumentsBill of exchangePromissory NoteCheque/checkNon-Cash Settlement非現(xiàn)金結算非現(xiàn)金結算Exchange for GBP1,250.00 Beijing,1 April,2003At

5、sight pay to the order of DEF Co.the sum of Pounds one thousand two hundred and fifty onlyTo XYZ Bank, For ABC Co., Beijing London (signature) End of 18 centuryExpensiveRiskyTurnover of funds slowForeign exchange bankChapter 2 Introduction（1）From cash settlement to non-cash settlementBill of exchang

6、eForeign exchange bank13 century A.D.end of 18 century A.D.Foreign exchange marketChapter 2 Introduction（2）From direct payment made between international traders to payment effected through a financial intermediary With the worldwide banking network and modern banking technicality, banks can not onl

7、y provide easy and quick transfer of funds needed for conducting international trade but also furnish their customers with valuable economic and credit information. Chapter 2 Introduction（3）From payments under simple price terms to payments under more complex price termsIn the past, international tr

8、ade payments were settled on very simple price terms, such as cash on delivery, cash on shipment, cash with order, cash before shipment, etc. In modern international trade, a more comprehensive and exact set of terms has been developed.Chapter 2 Introduction（4）Internet eraWith the development of com

9、puter technology, business is done and payments and settlements are effected by means of all kinds of payment systems, which makes it quicker and safer and more convenient for both the Buyer and Seller. Nowadays, Internet is developing very fast. This new type of business transaction is called net b

10、anking. Although there are a lot of problems to be solved，net banking is very promising. Chapter 2 IntroductionChapter 2 Introduction2.3 Characteristics of Modern International Payments and SettlementsnVarious instruments are widely usednBanks become the center of international settlementsnVehicle c

11、urrencies are more diversified than beforenElectronic devices are widely usednInternational lending is often combined with international paymentsChapter 2 IntroductionSWIFT： Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications （環(huán)球同業(yè)銀行金融電訊協(xié)會）CHIPS：Clearing House Interbank Payment System （紐約清算

12、所銀行同業(yè)支付系統(tǒng)） CHAPS：the Clearing House Automated Payments System（倫敦自動支付清算系統(tǒng)）FEDWIRE：Federal Reserves Wire Transfer System（聯(lián)邦資金轉賬系統(tǒng)）EDI：Electrical data interchange （電子數(shù)據(jù)交換） P P R R環(huán)球銀行間金融環(huán)球銀行間金融電訊協(xié)會電訊協(xié)會紐約清算所交換銀紐約清算所交換銀行相互收付系統(tǒng)行相互收付系統(tǒng)倫敦交換銀行倫敦交換銀行自動收付系統(tǒng)自動收付系統(tǒng)聯(lián)邦儲備聯(lián)邦儲備清算系統(tǒng)清算系統(tǒng) communication meshwork/networkC

13、hapter 2 IntroductionSWIFT:The Society For Worldwide Inter-bank Financial Telecommunications(環(huán)球環(huán)球銀行間金融電訊協(xié)會銀行間金融電訊協(xié)會) 19731973年年5 5月成立月成立, ,總部設在布魯塞爾。目前，全總部設在布魯塞爾。目前，全世界已有超過世界已有超過200200個國家的個國家的70007000多個銀行在使用多個銀行在使用SWIFT SWIFT 。計算機數(shù)據(jù)通訊網(wǎng)在荷蘭和美國設有運。計算機數(shù)據(jù)通訊網(wǎng)在荷蘭和美國設有運行中心，在各會員國設有地區(qū)處理站。行中心，在各會員國設有地區(qū)處理站。 2002

14、2002年，年，SWIFTSWIFT報文承載量達報文承載量達8 8億，日均億，日均7 7百萬條百萬條，金額超過，金額超過6 6萬億歐元。萬億歐元。 中國是中國是SWIFTSWIFT會員國。中國銀行作為中國的外匯會員國。中國銀行作為中國的外匯外貿(mào)專業(yè)銀行于外貿(mào)專業(yè)銀行于19831983年年2 2月加入月加入SWIFTSWIFT，成為中國，成為中國第一家會員銀行，第一家會員銀行，19851985年年5 5月月1313日，中國銀行正式日，中國銀行正式開通開通SWIFTSWIFT。 2020世紀世紀9090年代開始，中國所有可以辦理國際金融年代開始，中國所有可以辦理國際金融業(yè)務的國有商業(yè)銀行、外資和僑

15、資銀行以及地方業(yè)務的國有商業(yè)銀行、外資和僑資銀行以及地方銀行紛紛加入銀行紛紛加入SWIFTSWIFT。 19961996年中國年中國SWIFTSWIFT發(fā)報增長率為發(fā)報增長率為42.2%42.2%，在，在SWIFTSWIFT全球增長率排名第一，中國銀行在全球增長率排名第一，中國銀行在SWIFTSWIFT前前4040家大家大用戶中排名用戶中排名3434位。位。 中國銀行每日中國銀行每日SWIFTSWIFT發(fā)報量達發(fā)報量達3 3萬多筆，采用萬多筆，采用SWIFTSWIFT方式進行收發(fā)電報已占到全行電訊總收付量方式進行收發(fā)電報已占到全行電訊總收付量的的90%90%。SWIFTSWIFT網(wǎng)絡是國際結算

16、、收付清算、外匯資金買賣網(wǎng)絡是國際結算、收付清算、外匯資金買賣、國際匯兌等各種業(yè)務系統(tǒng)的通訊主渠道，部分、國際匯兌等各種業(yè)務系統(tǒng)的通訊主渠道，部分業(yè)務實現(xiàn)了自動化處理。業(yè)務實現(xiàn)了自動化處理。chaining(SWIFT study):chaining(SWIFT study):http:/ 1.SWIFT needs member qualification. 2.SWIFTs charge is low. Its about 18% of that used by telex, and 2.5% of that used by cable.3.SWIFT is safer. (SWIFT a

17、uthenticate key)4.SWIFT has standard uniform format.Bank Identified codeBank of ChinaBKCH CN BJThe Industrial and Commercial Bank of ChinaICBK CN BJThe Agricultural Bank of ChinaABOC CN BJThe Investment Bank of ChinaIBOC ON BJThe Communication Bank of ChinaCOMM CN BJChina Construction BankPCBC CN BJ

18、The Peoples Bank of ChinaPBOC CN BJChina Citic BankCIBK CN BJAmerica Bank , Shanghai BranchBOFX CN SXHongKong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Ltd. HSBC CN SX加入加入SWIFTSWIFT的中國境內銀行的中國境內銀行 19701970年年4 4月成立月成立, ,國際美元支付系統(tǒng)。它是一個國際美元支付系統(tǒng)。它是一個著名的私營跨國大額美元支付系統(tǒng)，是跨國美元著名的私營跨國大額美元支付系統(tǒng)，是跨國美元交易的主要結算渠道。交易的主要結算渠道。 通

19、過通過CHIPSCHIPS處理的美元交易額約占全球美元總交處理的美元交易額約占全球美元總交易額的易額的95%95%。 CHIPSCHIPS成員有紐約清算所協(xié)會會員、紐約市商業(yè)成員有紐約清算所協(xié)會會員、紐約市商業(yè)銀行、外國銀行在紐約的分支機構等。銀行、外國銀行在紐約的分支機構等。 CHIPSCHIPS是一個凈額支付清算系統(tǒng)，它租用了高速是一個凈額支付清算系統(tǒng)，它租用了高速傳輸線路，有一個主處理中心和一個備份處理中傳輸線路，有一個主處理中心和一個備份處理中心。每日營業(yè)終止后，進行收付差額清算，每日心。每日營業(yè)終止后，進行收付差額清算，每日下午六時（紐約時間）完成資金轉賬。下午六時（紐約時間）完成資

20、金轉賬。CHIPS:Clearing House Interbank Payments System.（跨國美元支付系統(tǒng)）（跨國美元支付系統(tǒng)）CHAPS: Clearing House AutomatedPayment System 英國大額英鎊清算系統(tǒng)。在英國大額英鎊清算系統(tǒng)。在CHAPSCHAPS下，下，1212家交換家交換銀行成為結算銀行，由八條信息通道把它們和該銀行成為結算銀行，由八條信息通道把它們和該系統(tǒng)的一個信息轉換中心連接起來。系統(tǒng)的一個信息轉換中心連接起來。 CHAPS用于英鎊資金交換的當日用于英鎊資金交換的當日 結算結算,主要由英主要由英國大型清算銀行和英格蘭銀行使用。國大型

21、清算銀行和英格蘭銀行使用。 它歸美聯(lián)儲所有，它歸美聯(lián)儲所有，19131913年建立，年建立，F(xiàn)EDWIREFEDWIRE將全將全美劃分為美劃分為1212個聯(lián)邦儲備區(qū)、個聯(lián)邦儲備區(qū)、2525個分行和個分行和1111個專門個專門的支付處理中心，主要用于金融機構之間的隔夜的支付處理中心，主要用于金融機構之間的隔夜拆借、行間清算、公司之間的大額交易結算，美拆借、行間清算、公司之間的大額交易結算，美國政府與國際組織的記賬債券轉移業(yè)務等等。國政府與國際組織的記賬債券轉移業(yè)務等等。 由于該系統(tǒng)有專用的實現(xiàn)資金轉移的電碼通訊由于該系統(tǒng)有專用的實現(xiàn)資金轉移的電碼通訊網(wǎng)絡，權威性、安全性較高。此外它還承擔著美網(wǎng)絡

22、，權威性、安全性較高。此外它還承擔著美聯(lián)儲貨幣政策操作及政府債券買賣的重要任務。聯(lián)儲貨幣政策操作及政府債券買賣的重要任務。 它每日運行它每日運行1818個小時，每筆大額的資金轉賬從個小時，每筆大額的資金轉賬從發(fā)起、處理到完成，運行全部自動化。發(fā)起、處理到完成，運行全部自動化。FEDWIRE: Federal Reserves Wire Transfer System（全美境內美元支付系統(tǒng)）全美境內美元支付系統(tǒng)）Bank relationships in international Settlements (1)Sisters Bank/overseas branch海外分海外分行行(2)Rep

23、resentative Bank (Correspondent)代理行代理行 (3)Accounting Bank賬戶行賬戶行 Chapter 2 IntroductionThe Worldwide Network of Banks1、 Representative Office(代表處代表處)2、 Agency Office(代理處代理處)3、 Overseas Sister Bank/Branch, Sub branch(海海外分、支行外分、支行(境外聯(lián)行境外聯(lián)行)4、 Correspondent Banks(代理銀行代理銀行)5、 Subsidiary Banks(附屬銀行附屬銀行(子銀

24、行子銀行) 6、 Affiliated Banks(聯(lián)營銀行聯(lián)營銀行) 7、 Consortium Bank(銀團銀行銀團銀行) Chapter 2 IntroductionChapter 2 Introduction2.5 Correspondent Banking Relationship1. Definition of correspondent bank: a bank having direct connection or friendly service relations with another bankCorrespondent Banking is an arrangeme

25、nt under which one bank (correspondent) holds deposits owned by other banks (respondents) and provides payment and other services to those respondent banks.In a sense, banks themselves are the best customers for each other. The bank may open deposit accounts with, and entrust business to each other

26、on a reciprocal basis.Chapter 2 IntroductionWhen selecting a bank as a correspondent bank, what factors should be taken into account?The reputation of the bank; Size of the bank; Location of the bank; Services offered by the bank; Fundamental policies and strength of the bank; Physical features and

27、personnel; Momentum of early start, etc.Chapter 2 IntroductionChapter 2 Introduction2. Control documentsnLists of specimen of authorized signatures是銀行列示的所有有權簽字的人的有權簽字額度、簽字范圍、有效簽字組合方式以及親筆簽字字樣。代理行可憑其核對對方銀行發(fā)來的電報、電傳等的真實性。nTelegraphic test keys是兩家代理行之間事先約定的專用押碼，在發(fā)送電報時，由發(fā)送電報的銀行在電文前面加注，經(jīng)接受電報的銀行核對相符，用以確認電報的

28、真實性。nTerms and conditionsnSWIFT authentic keyChapter 2 Introduction3. Inter-bank accountsA current account or a checking account may be opened between banks with the establishment of a correspondent banking relationship. Any bank before opening an account in its correspondent bank, must be aware of

29、the detailed conditions of this connection, such as amount of initial deposit, minimum credit balance for covering the cost of services provided, interest rate of the account, overdraft permission, and how often the statement of account is sent. Nostro account往賬往賬The Italian word “Nostro” means “our

30、”. Nostro account is the foreign currency account(due from account)of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international payments and settlements.我行在它行開立的存款賬戶我行在它行開立的存款賬戶Vostro account來賬來賬The Italian word “Vostro” means “your”. Vostro account is an account(due to account)held by

31、a bank on behalf of a correspondent bank它行在我行開立的存款賬它行在我行開立的存款賬戶戶Chapter 2 IntroductionNostro account: is the foreign currency account (due from account) of a major bank with the foreign banks abroad to facilitate international settlements.From the point of Bank of China, a nostro account is our banks account in the books of an overseas bank, den