高考閱讀理解復習過程

1、高考閱讀理解調查反饋調查反饋內容內容單選單選 完形完形 閱讀閱讀 聽力聽力 改錯改錯 寫作寫作百分比百分比20202323323214143 38 83 3、對于英語高考，我最沒有把握并想快速提、對于英語高考，我最沒有把握并想快速提高的題型是高的題型是 Please work hard at the Please work hard at the reading comprehension reading comprehension！ 閱讀理解題考查的是考生閱讀理解英語閱讀理解題考查的是考生閱讀理解英語篇章的能力，文章涉及到人物、故事、經(jīng)濟、篇章的能力，文章涉及到人物、故事、經(jīng)濟、政治、新聞、

2、廣告、科普、文化、社會等多政治、新聞、廣告、科普、文化、社會等多種題材種題材, , 涵蓋了記敘文、說明文、議論文和涵蓋了記敘文、說明文、議論文和應用文等多種體裁，它考查的不僅是考生對應用文等多種體裁，它考查的不僅是考生對整篇文章的把握能力整篇文章的把握能力, , 而且考查考生快速捕而且考查考生快速捕捉信息捉信息, , 準確理解特定細節(jié)以及復雜句子的準確理解特定細節(jié)以及復雜句子的能力?？忌粌H要理解文章的表層意思能力?？忌粌H要理解文章的表層意思, , 更更重要的是能通過文章的表層去合理推斷重要的是能通過文章的表層去合理推斷, , 挖挖掘文章的隱含意義、延伸意義。掘文章的隱含意義、延伸意義。 閱

3、讀理解考查內容閱讀理解考查內容近六年閱讀短文題材一覽表(以全國卷I為例)ABCDE03科普類 新聞類 廣告類 人文類 文化類04史地類 科普類 廣告類 科普類 科普類05廣告類 故事類 哲理類 科普類 文化類06文化類 文化類 廣告類 社會類 哲理類07哲理類 文化類 廣告類 社會類 哲理類08故事類 科普類 科普類 廣告類 社會類 考試大綱考試大綱要求要求1 1、理解主旨和要義；、理解主旨和要義；2 2、理解文中具體信息；、理解文中具體信息；3 3、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；4 4、做出簡單判斷和推理；、做出簡單判斷和推理；5 5、理解文章的基本結構；、理解文章的

4、基本結構；6 6、理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。、理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。 閱讀理解命題分類閱讀理解命題分類主旨大意型主旨大意型事實細節(jié)型事實細節(jié)型詞義猜測型詞義猜測型推理判斷型推理判斷型命題類命題類主旨大意型主旨大意型常見提問形式常見提問形式1). 主題型主旨大意題的題干表現(xiàn)形式:The main idea of the passage isThe passage is mainly aboutWhich of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?What is the passage m

5、ainly about?2). 目的類主旨大意題The passage is meant to .The purpose of this article is to 3). 標題類主旨大意題The best title for the passage might beThe paragraph could be entitledHow To Get The Main Idea?如何做主旨大意題如何做主旨大意題?如何做主旨大意題如何做主旨大意題 做此類題目時，首先要搞清是問某一段還做此類題目時，首先要搞清是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把

6、握文脈，進行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標題，標進行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標題，標題中的蘊含的信息往往是關鍵信息。另外，任何題中的蘊含的信息往往是關鍵信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現(xiàn)的中文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。容易抓住文章的中心。 第三第三: 要學會借助文章的結構來把握中要學會借助文章的結構來把握中心思想。心思想。段落中心思想段落中心思想常常由主題句常常由主題

7、句( Topic sentence)來表達。主題句常常來表達。主題句常常出現(xiàn)在段首出現(xiàn)在段首(60%-90%)或段尾處或段尾處, 有時有時也在段落中間。同樣也在段落中間。同樣, 一篇文章的中心一篇文章的中心思想思想也常常在開始段或結尾段點出。因也常常在開始段或結尾段點出。因此此, 在閱讀中在閱讀中, 我們要對文章的開始段和我們要對文章的開始段和結尾段及段落的主題句給予特別的注意。結尾段及段落的主題句給予特別的注意。一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that

8、 cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an

9、 unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health pro

10、blems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?（1）主題句在段首）主題句在段首 一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。

11、2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance So, it is foo

12、lish totry to judge a person only by his appearance（2）主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。）主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據(jù)作者先擺出事實依據(jù), 層層推理論證層層推理論證, 最后自然得出結論最后自然得出結論, 即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結尾句得到體現(xiàn)即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結尾句得到體現(xiàn),它是它是此段內容的結論此段內容的結論 3 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your atten

13、tion: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hu- -rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales trick is called

14、 “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buyer Be CarefulB. Closeout(出清存貨) Sale C. Crim

15、e Pays D. Buying a TV Set This sales trick is called “bait and switch”. 4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him wit

16、h an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later fr

17、om Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型解題要領解題要領A、干擾項干擾項 可能屬文中某個具體事實或細節(jié)?？赡軐傥闹心硞€具體事實或細節(jié)。B、干擾項干擾項 可能屬從文中某些可能屬從文中某些 ( (不完全的不完全的) ) 事事 實或細節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結論。實或細節(jié)片面推出的錯誤結論。C、干擾項干擾項 可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。

18、可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。D、正確項正確項 是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納 概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過概括出來的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過 其實或以偏概全。其實或以偏概全。Types Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topicAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentenced e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage idea猜測詞義題常見設問方式:1. The word “.” refers to/pro

19、bably means2. The underlined word “”could best be replaced by3. What do you think the expression “”stands for?4. By saying “”,we mean5. “”,as used in the passage can best be defined as 6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “”?7. The underlined phrase “”is closet in meaning t

20、o.?8. The underlined word “.” roughly means? How to guess the meanings of new words?A is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.信號詞：信號詞：be, be called, means, be defined

21、as1. Definition and explanation 利用定義和解釋猜測詞義；利用定義和解釋猜測詞義； 蚊子蚊子沙漠沙漠Ex. 1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a . His uncle is a , an expert who does research on animals. The , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 木匠木匠 動物學家動物學家 牧人牧人Though Toms face has

22、 been washed quite clean, his neck still remains . John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very .2. Guessing from Comparison and Contrast信號詞信號詞: but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on the one handon the other hand, for one thingfor another thing, ins

23、tead of 等等污穢的污穢的節(jié)約的節(jié)約的Ex. 2 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of . If you agree, write “ yes”; if you , write “no”. 混亂混亂不同意不同意Rubber(橡膠橡膠) can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very . The river

24、 is so that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.3. Guessing word from Cause and Result信號詞信號詞: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, sothat, suchthat, thus, owing to, thanks to, result in, lead to, contribute to, result from, contribute to 彈性的彈性的混濁的混濁的Ex. 3Hes such a

25、businessman that he loses no money in any trade. She wanted the hairdresser to her hair a bit because it was too long. 精明的精明的 修剪修剪Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise , such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.家

26、禽家禽裝置裝置 信號詞信號詞: such, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist of4. Guessing word from examples. In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to , or water, their fields. All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins be

27、long to , that is to say, they are toothed whales.5.Guessing words according to retelling 信號詞信號詞: or, that is ( to say ), in other words, to put it another way, i.e.灌溉灌溉有牙齒的有牙齒的The new tax law or replaces the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old

28、woman, almost as as mother, and much shorter.6. Guessing word from Synonym and Antonym 信號詞信號詞: or, and, like , asas, the same as替代替代圓胖的圓胖的, Is he intelligent or stupid? Most women in Ghana- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old- work to earn an income in addition to mai

29、ntaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved. The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means _. A. repeated B. reiterated. C. uneducated D. sickcleverEx.6When a doctor performs an opera

30、tion on a patient, he usually gives an to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch spread in rings on the surface of water.7.Guessing words according to the common se

31、nse 麻藥麻藥波紋波紋 8. Word formation 即根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復合、派生即根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復合、派生 等構詞知識判斷生詞的詞義等構詞知識判斷生詞的詞義(1)Overwork may cause diseases.前綴前綴over-的意思是的意思是“過分的、過量的過分的、過量的”故故overwork的意思應為的意思應為“工作過度工作過度”。(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes.satisfied的意思是的意思是“滿意的滿意的”，前綴，前綴dis-的意思是的意思是“不不”，故，故dissatisfied的意思應

32、該是的意思應該是“不滿意不滿意的的”。生活生活常識常識重述重述對比對比轉折轉折因果因果關系關系舉例說明舉例說明同義詞同義詞反義詞反義詞構詞法構詞法定義定義猜猜 conclusion1.When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in

33、 a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.(2004年NMET全國，廣東卷)65.The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” (in Para.3) means that the colors_.A. had weak effects on the customersB. tricked the customers into shopping C. caused the customers to

34、 lose interestD. attracted the customers strongly通過因果法可知答案為C2.(NMET2002,E篇,74) A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. 74.What does the under lined word hassle probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing di