小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)詳細(xì)講解（課堂PPT）

1、1The simple present tense一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2我的功能我的功能1. 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)I wash the dishes every day.You sometimes take a bus home. They usually have lunch at 11:30.He always gets up early. She is often late for school. 2. 表示表示表示客觀事實(shí)表示客觀事實(shí)You are 13.He is a student. You study at Olympic Garden M

2、iddle School.3always(總是) usually(通常) often(經(jīng)常) sometimes(有時(shí)) hardly(幾乎不) rarely（很少） never(從不) every day(每天) every year(每年） all the time（所有時(shí)間）on Monday（在星期一） in January （在某月）3. 表示表示永恒不變的真理；永恒不變的真理； The moon goes round the earth. 4 一一. be. be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + be +其它其它如如：I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男

3、孩。 He is a boy.他是一個(gè)男孩。 am is(單三）單三） are5肯定句：主語(yǔ)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+bebe+其它其它 如：如： He is a worker. You are thirteen.He is a worker. You are thirteen. 否定句：主語(yǔ)否定句：主語(yǔ)+ bebe+ notnot+其它其它 如：如： He is not a worker.He is not a worker. You arent thirteen. You arent thirteen.一般疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句：BeBe+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+其它其它? 如：如： Is he a worker? Y

4、es, he is./No, he isnt.Is he a worker? Yes, he is./No, he isnt. Are you thirteen? Yes, I am ./No, I am not. Are you thirteen? Yes, I am ./No, I am not.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+bebe+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+其它其它? 如：如： What is he? What colour is that bird? What is he? What colour is that bird? How old are you? Where are they ?

5、 How old are you? Where are they ?2. be2. be 動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本句型動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本句型二二. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1 1、什么叫實(shí)義動(dòng)詞？、什么叫實(shí)義動(dòng)詞？ 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是指實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是指表示有具體意思的表示有具體意思的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞,也叫行為動(dòng)詞。也叫行為動(dòng)詞。 如如: like(喜歡）喜歡）, eat（吃）（吃）, live（居?。ň幼。? have（有）（有）, run（跑）（跑） 等等。等等。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞占英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的絕大多數(shù)。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞占英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的絕大多數(shù)。 我們已學(xué)過(guò)的我們已學(xué)過(guò)的be 動(dòng)詞可譯成動(dòng)詞可譯成“是是”，有時(shí)

6、譯成有時(shí)譯成“成為成為”，有時(shí)則沒(méi)有具體意，有時(shí)則沒(méi)有具體意思如：思如： “She is tall.”這句譯成：這句譯成： “她很她很高高”。故。故be 動(dòng)詞不屬于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞不屬于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。2 2、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)侯有兩種形式：、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)侯有兩種形式：動(dòng)詞原形；如動(dòng)詞原形；如: enjoy第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞形式；如第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞形式；如: enjoys主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) + (+其它其它)。行為動(dòng)詞原形行為動(dòng)詞原形行為動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式行為動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式如如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ). He studies French. 9一般現(xiàn)在

7、時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)靜態(tài)句“ to be” 動(dòng)態(tài)句“to do”10靜態(tài)句靜態(tài)句“to be”肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+I am a girl.He is at home.They are happy.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+not+He is not a farmer.We are not at school.I am not tall.Be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+ 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+?Is he a farmer?Are you students?Are the books on the table?11動(dòng)態(tài)句動(dòng)態(tài)句“to do”肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)主

8、語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)原動(dòng)原+三單主語(yǔ)三單主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞三單動(dòng)詞三單+We go to school everyday.He goes home after school.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ dont +動(dòng)原動(dòng)原+三單主語(yǔ)三單主語(yǔ)+doesnt +動(dòng)原動(dòng)原We dont go to schoolHe doesnt go home Do+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)原動(dòng)原?Does +三單主語(yǔ)三單主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)原動(dòng)原?Do you go to school?Does he go home?12 哪些主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)哪些主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)? 13一、人稱代詞一、人稱代詞he, she, ithe, she, it是第三人稱單是第三人稱單數(shù)。數(shù)

9、。 He likes watching TV. 他喜歡看電視。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二點(diǎn)吃午餐。It looks like a cat. 它看起來(lái)像只貓。14二、單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主二、單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語(yǔ)；是第三人稱單數(shù)。語(yǔ)；是第三人稱單數(shù)。 Han Mei looks like her mother. 韓梅看起來(lái)像她的母親 Beijing is in China. 北京在中國(guó)。 Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔經(jīng)常做蛋糕。 15三、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或三、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或this / that / this / that

10、 / the+the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，是第三作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，是第三人稱單數(shù)。人稱單數(shù)。 A panda is a shy animal. 熊貓是害羞的動(dòng)物。 This book is yellow. 這本書(shū)是黃色的。 That car is red. 那輛小汽車是紅色的。 The cat is black. 這只貓是黑色的。16 3 3、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞形式變化規(guī)則、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞形式變化規(guī)則一般情況下直接加一般情況下直接加-s-swalkwalkwalkwalks s以以s. x. sh. ch. os. x. sh. ch. o尾尾 加加-es-eswa

11、tchwatchwatchwatchesesgogogogoeses“輔音字母輔音字母+y”+y”結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 變變y y為為i, i, 再加再加-es-es，flyflflyfliesies 特殊情況特殊情況havehas havehas dodoesdodoesgogoesgogoes17當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞需變化當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞需變化.動(dòng)詞單三的變化：動(dòng)詞單三的變化：1、一般情況下，直接一般情況下，直接加加s，如：，如： reads, plays, works, makes2、以、以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾，后加結(jié)尾，后加es. 如：如： watches washes

12、 teaches3、以輔音字母加、以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾結(jié)尾,一般加一般加es ,如：如：does, goes4、“元音字母元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的單詞，結(jié)尾的單詞，直接在詞尾加直接在詞尾加-s。 如：如：plays, says5、輔音字母輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞結(jié)尾的單詞, 去去y,加加ies, 如：如：flies, studies6、不規(guī)則變化、不規(guī)則變化 如：如：have-has18Exercise sit_ swim_ go _ _ do _ make _ run _ write_ see_ _ cry_ study _ watch_ wash_ say_ play _ have_ take_

13、swimsgoesdoesmakesrunswritescries_seesstudieswatcheswashessays_playshas_takessits1) 1) 肯定句肯定句: :主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)（I/We/You/TheyI/We/You/They）+ +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形+ +其他其他 如：如：I I staystay at home on Saturdays. at home on Saturdays. They They havehave sports every day. sports every day.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)（He/She/ItHe/She/It）+ +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單三形

14、式實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單三形式+ +其他其他 如：如：He He stays stays at home on Saturdays.at home on Saturdays. Lucy Lucy has has sports every day.sports every day.4 4、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本句型、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本句型 2) 否定句：否定句：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)（I/We/You/TheyI/We/You/They）+ + do+notdo+not+ +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+ +其他其他 如：如：I dont stay at home on Saturdays.I dont stay at

15、home on Saturdays. They dont have sports every day. They dont have sports every day.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)（He/She/ItHe/She/It）+ + does+notdoes+not+ +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+ +其他其他 如：如：He doesnt stay at home on Saturdays.He doesnt stay at home on Saturdays. Lucy doesnt have sports every day. Lucy doesnt have sports every day.3) 3) 一

16、般疑問(wèn)句及其肯、否定回答：一般疑問(wèn)句及其肯、否定回答：DoDo+ +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)（I/we/you/theyI/we/you/they）+ +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+ +其他？其他？ 如：如：Do you stay at home on Saturdays?Do you stay at home on Saturdays? Yes,I do./No,I dont. Yes,I do./No,I dont. Do they have sports every day? Do they have sports every day? Yes, they do./No, they dont. Yes, they

17、 do./No, they dont.DoesDoes+ +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)（he/she/ithe/she/it）+ +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+ +其他？其他？ 如：如：Does he stay at home on Saturdays?Does he stay at home on Saturdays? Yes,he does./No,he doesnt. Yes,he does./No,he doesnt. Does Lucy have sports every day? Does Lucy have sports every day? Yes,he does./No,he doesnt. Yes,h

18、e does./No,he doesnt.4) 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)句： 疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+ do/doesdo/does+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形+其他？其他？如：如： What do you want? What does she want? What time do you have lunch? What time does she have lunch? What do you do? What does she do? How do you spell it? How does he spell it?特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句: 疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句?直接回答，而不用直接回

19、答，而不用yes 或或no.5.5.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型變換一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型變換1） I usually play football on Friday.改為一般疑問(wèn)句改為一般疑問(wèn)句: Do you usually play football on Friday?對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn): What do you usually do on Friday? 2） My father go to work by bike everyday.對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn): How does your father go to work everyday?24一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（否定句）（否定句）

20、 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中有中有bebe動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（cancan等）時(shí)，否定句在等）時(shí)，否定句在bebe動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加notnot。 例如例如25一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（否定句）（否定句）1、I am a teacher.否：否：I am not a teacher.2、He is a student.否：否： He is not a student.3、You are a boy.否：否： You are not a boy.4、I can swim.否：否： I can not（cant) swim.26變否定句變否定句I am a go

21、od boy.I am not a good boy.27變否定句變否定句They are students.They are not students.28變否定句變否定句She can speak English.She can not speak English.29一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（否定句）（否定句） 句中沒(méi)有句中沒(méi)有bebe動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)的的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does not does not (doesn(doesnt)t), ,非單三非單三時(shí)，否定時(shí)，否定句在動(dòng)詞前加句在動(dòng)詞前加do notdo not（

22、dondont)t) 例如例如30一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（否定句）（否定句） 1 1、I to school by bus. I to school by bus. 否：否： I to school by bus. I to school by bus. 2 2、He He to school by bus. to school by bus. 否：否：He He to school by bus. to school by bus. gogodondont got gogoesgoesdoesndoesnt got go31變否定句變否定句I study English every day.I

23、 dont study English every morning.32變否定句變否定句She speaks Chinese well.She doesnt speak Chinese well.33一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（疑問(wèn)句）（疑問(wèn)句） 句中有句中有bebe動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，bebe動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞cancan提前，首字母提前，首字母變?yōu)樽優(yōu)榇髮?xiě)大寫(xiě)；some some 變變anyany例如例如34一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（一般疑問(wèn)句）（一般疑問(wèn)句） He He is is a student. You a student. You areare a boy. a

24、 boy. Is Is he a student he a student？ Are Are youyou a boya boy？ I I cancan swim. They swim. They areare teachers. teachers. Can Can you swim you swim？ Are Are they teacherthey teacher？35 Ben is my friend. Is Ben your friend？變一般疑問(wèn)句變一般疑問(wèn)句36一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（疑問(wèn)句）（疑問(wèn)句） 句中沒(méi)有句中沒(méi)有bebe動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)為非非第

25、三人稱單數(shù)，一般疑問(wèn)句第三人稱單數(shù)，一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加在句首加dodo，句子中動(dòng)詞用，句子中動(dòng)詞用原形原形。主。主語(yǔ)為語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)，一般疑問(wèn)句在句，一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加首加doesdoes，句子中原有動(dòng)詞用，句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形原形；SomeSome變變any.any.例如例如37一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（一般疑問(wèn)句）（一般疑問(wèn)句） 1 1、I to school by bus. I to school by bus. 疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)句： you to school by bus. you to school by bus. 2 2、He He to school by bus. to

26、 school by bus. 疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)句： he he to school by bus. to school by bus. DoesDoesgogogoesgoesgogogogoDoDo38We go to school every day. Do you go to school every day?變一般疑問(wèn)句變一般疑問(wèn)句39Nancy likes playing computer games. Does Nancy like playing computer games?變一般疑問(wèn)句變一般疑問(wèn)句40Ben wants some bread. Does Ben want any

27、 bread？變一般疑問(wèn)句變一般疑問(wèn)句41特殊疑問(wèn)句 地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)：where 人人：who 物物：what 年齡年齡：how old價(jià)錢價(jià)錢：how much 數(shù)量數(shù)量：how many42特殊疑問(wèn)句有有bebe動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+be+be動(dòng)動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +其它其它例如例如43特殊疑問(wèn)句She can play piano.What can she play？He is ten. How old is he？He is at home. Where is he ？Its 3 dollars. How much is it?44特殊

28、疑問(wèn)句沒(méi)有沒(méi)有bebe動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：詞構(gòu)成：疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+do+do（doesdoes）+ +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形+ +其它其它例如例如45 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句？一般疑問(wèn)句？I like playing football.Jim eats some bread every morning.Lingling has lunch at home.What do you like?What does Jim eat every morning?Where does Linging have lunch？Do you like playing

29、football?Does Jim eat any bread every morning?Does Lingling have lunch at home? 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí), 其一般其一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式有兩種現(xiàn)在時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式有兩種第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)或或原形原形。其否定句和。其否定句和疑問(wèn)句要疑問(wèn)句要借助借助于于does或或do來(lái)幫助構(gòu)成。來(lái)幫助構(gòu)成。6. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法小結(jié)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法小結(jié)4748用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 n1. He usually _ (have) lunch at home.n2

30、. David and Tom usually _ (play) football after school.n3. We usually _ (make) model ships.n4. Nick usually _ (watch) TV on Monday.hasplaymakewatches49n5. What _they usually _ (do) on Saturdays? They usually _ (fly) kites.n6. _ your uncle_ (water) the flowers every day?n7. _ your parents_ (read) new

31、spapers every day?n8. The girl usually _ (teach) us English on Sundays.dodoflyDoeswaterDoreadteaches50n9. What _you usually _ (do) after school? I usually _ (grow) flowers.n10. What _your mother usually _ (do) on Sundays? She usually _ (do) housework at home .n11. _ Mike _(have) any hobbies? Yes, he

32、 _ . He _ (like) _ (cook).n12. They_ (have) the same hobby.dodogrowdoesdodoesDoeshavelikeshavecookingdoes51n13. My aunt _ (like) _ (read) newspapers every evening .n14. What _Mike usually _ (do) on Sundays? He usually _ (help) Jane with her Maths .n15. What _Helen usually _ (do) on Sundays? She usua

33、lly _ (clean) the desk .cleansdodoeshelpsdodoesreadinglikes52n16. She _ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.n17. Liu Tao _ (do) not like PE. He cant _(run ) fast.n18. The children usually _ (watch) TV in the evening.goesdoesrunwatch53n19. Su Hai and Su Yang _ (have) eight subjects this term.n20. Wh

34、at _ she usually _ (do) in the evening? She usually _ (study) English.studiesdoesdohave54n21.The girl is _ . She dances _ _ .(beautiful)n22. The student _ (use) a computer to _(write) music.n23. I_ ( like ) making clothes, but he_ (do not like ). He _ ( like ) playing football.beautifulbeautifullyus

35、eswritelikedoes not likelikes55n24.We usuallyn_( dance )and_( play )basketball after class.n25. Mikes_ ( hobby ) is _ draw ) pictures. drawinghobbyplaydance56二、改寫(xiě)句子1I want to play table tennis with Gao Shan.n He _ to 2. I surf the Internet on Saturday evening.nMy father the 3. They study English , Maths Science ,and Art.nTom English 4. I usually