高中英語定語從句知識點及練習

1、高中英語- 定語從句一 定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語1定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的詞之后。2先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等關(guān)系詞在定語從句中有三大作用1. 連接作用連接先行詞和定語從句。2. 替代作用在定語從句中替代從句所修飾的先行詞。3. 成分作用在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語或狀語。The man who is shaking hands with my father

2、 is a policeman.二 關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句引導定語從句的關(guān)系代詞主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它們分別代替前面的先行詞，并在定語從句中作主語、賓語或定語。1. who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2. whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，可省略， 在口語或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho來代替。Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see.3. which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時?？墒÷?。Football

3、is a game which is liked by most boys.4. that 指人時， 相當于 who 或 whom ；指物時， 相當于 which. 。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷浴e is the man that/who lives next door.Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning?The season that/which comes after spring is summer.、The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesntfit her very we

4、ll.5. whose 指人、物皆可，與后面的名詞有所屬關(guān)系，在定語從句中做定語。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.1Practice makes perfect!注意：指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替：The house whose windows are broken is empty.=The house the windows of which are broken is empty.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=Do you like the

5、 book the cover of which is yellow?三 “介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞賓語時，可以跟介詞一起放在從句與主句之間（ that, who不可以），也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面，使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞。The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with

6、yesterday.=This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.注意：1.含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of等。2. 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不可用that 和 who ，若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時只可用whom 指物時只可用which ；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose 。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.3. “ 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some, a

7、ny, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.四關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句引導定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有when, where和 why 等。 when, where, why都在定語從句中作狀語，在意義上相當于介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)，分別代替表示時間、地點或原因的先行詞。1. when 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。I still remember the day when I first came t

8、o this school.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~ + 關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句來表示。如：I ll never forget the day when/on which I first met you.Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live.五 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句2Practice makes perfect!形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“的”

9、關(guān)系詞的使用上：A 作賓語時可省略B 可用that C 可用who 代替whomThe teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語從句形式上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。意義上：只是對先行詞的補充說明，如果去掉，主句仍能表達完整的意思。譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系詞的使用上：A 不可省略B 不用that C 不可用who代替whomHis mother, who loves him very much

10、, is strict with him.I have been to Hangzhou, which is a very beautiful city.（一）限制性定語從句中只能用that引導定語從句的情況1.先行詞為all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等時。Everything that he said was true.他所說的一切都是真的。2.當先行詞被the very （恰恰，正好）, the only ， any ， few ， little ， no ， al

11、l 修飾時。This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.3當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。This is the best that has been used against pollution.4. 當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.5當主句的主語是疑問詞who 或 which 時。Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?6當先行詞既有

12、人又有物時。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?7先行詞在定語從句中做表語,而關(guān)系代詞在從句中也做表語時。She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to be.He is not the man (that) he seems.人不可貌相。（二）關(guān)系代詞as 和 which 引導的定語從句3Practice makes perfect!1. as 和 which 都可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語，代表前面整個句子。如：He married her, as

13、 / which was natural.He is honest, as / which we can see.2. as引導的非限制性定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。which引導的非限制性定語從句只可放在主句之后。另外， As is known to all, China is a developing country. John, as you know, is a famous writer.as 常常有“正如、正像”的含義。Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dontbelieve

14、.注意：當主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，關(guān)系詞往往只用which 。如：Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.1. 當先行詞受such, the same修飾時，關(guān)系詞常用as。 如：I ve never heard such stories as he tells.（三）以the way 為先行詞的限制性定語從句常由in which或that引導，而且通?？梢允÷?。The way (that/in which) he answered the questions was

15、surprising.（四）關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導定語從句要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用（所擔當?shù)某煞郑?。A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that/which we spent t

16、ogether.C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.This is the reason that/which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.基礎練習(1)This is the hotel_ we will stay at.which/that/(2)This is the hotel_ we will stay.where(3)This is the hotel_ we will stay.at which(4)This is the hotel _we will

17、visit.that/which/(5)This hotel is the one _ we will stay at.that(6)This hotel is the one _ we will stay.where(7)This hotel is the one _ we will visit.That4Practice makes perfect!定語從句專項練習一、選擇題1. (09 全國II) My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it2. (09 安徽

18、卷)Many children_ parents are away working in big cities， are taken goodcare of in the villageA theirB whoseC of themD with whom3. (09 北京卷) What do you think of teaching, Bob? I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A. whereB. WhichC. WhenD. that4.

19、 (09 福建卷A. that)It s helpful to put children in a situationB. whenC. which_ they can see themselves differently.D. where5. (09 湖南卷)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a pictureof beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. whichB. of whichC. thatD. whose6. (09 江蘇卷)Beca

20、use of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged6,000 yuan for one night.A. ifB. whenC. whichD. since7. (09 遼寧卷)They ve won their last three matches, _ I find a bit surprising actually.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. which8. (09 全國A. themI)She brought with her three friends, none of

21、B. who C. whom_I had ever met before.D. these9. (09 全國II) My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it10. (09 山東卷 )Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. whoB. whichC. whenD. that11. (09 陜西卷 )Gun control is a subject_Am

22、ericans have argued for a long time .A. of whichB. with whichC. about whichD. into which12. (09 上海卷 )Mozart s birthplace and the house _ he composed“ The Magic Flute” are5Practice makes perfect!both museums now.A. whereB. whenC. thereD. which13. (09 四川卷 )She ll never forget her stay there _ she foun

23、d her son who had gone missingtwo years before.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when14. (09 天津卷A. who)A person _ e-mail account is full won B. whom C. whosetbe able to send or receive any e-mails.D. whoever15. (09 天津卷 )I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who li

24、ve in downtown Tianjin.A. asB. whichC. whenD. though16. (09 浙江卷 )I have reached a point in my life _I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A whichB whereC howD why17. (09 重慶卷 )Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. whyB. whatC. thatD. where18. (04 全國卷) The Engl

25、ish play _ my students acted at the New Years party was agreat success.A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which19. (03 北京 ) York, _ last year, is a nice old city.A. that I visitedB. which I visitedC. where I visitedD. in which I visited20. (02 北京 )We will be shown around the city: schools, muse

26、ums, and some other places,_ other visitors seldom go.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. when二、翻譯訓練：1.我們在醫(yī)院一直照顧take care of的老太太死了._2.你想娶marry 的姑娘昨天偷了我的錢包。_3.孫老師寫的書是世界上最好的書。_4.你喜歡女孩就是我喜歡的女孩。6Practice makes perfect!_5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人bite 今天又被你家狗咬了。_6.你知道他打算娶reason 你的原因嗎？_7.我討厭hate我住過的那個旅館hotel。_8. 我永遠也忘不了我們共同生活和學習的

27、那個秋天_9.他愛了20 年的那個女孩昨天嫁marry 人了。_10. 她是我見過的最漂亮的女孩。_11.The old lady who died yesterday left one million._13.The doctor told me yesterday that there is nothing that he could do for my father._14. This is the page ,where you can find the answer. This is the page ,which you can find the answer on._15.As

28、the teacher told me yesterday, he didntpass the exam._16.As we was discussing just now, its easy for us to study English._17. As my mother told me yesterday , my girlfriend didnt love me at all._18. As you know, the money is very important._19. We are studying the business English, which is very use

29、ful for us In the future._7Practice makes perfect!20.Do you know the reason why your dog is going to die?_三、閱讀理解There are stories about two U.S . presidents, Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren, whichattempt to explain the American English term OK We don tknow if either story is true, but theyare bo

30、th interesting. The first explanation is based on the fact that President Jackson had verylittle education In fact, he had difficulty reading and writing When important papers came toJackson, he tried to read them and then had his assistants explain what they said If he approvedof a paper he would write“all correct ”on it The problem was