過程能力分析培訓(xùn)資料(共56頁).ppt

1、0)1)2)3)4)5CPK = Min CPL, CPUCPL = X-LSL 3PCPU = USL-X 3PPPL = X-LSL 3TPPU = USL-X 3TPPK = Min PPL, PPU)6)7)8第第 2 步步第第 3 步步第第 4 步步)901020304070788694Individual and MR ChartObser.Individual Value1X=84.003.0SL=93.21-3.0SL=74.79051015Mov.Range1111R=3.4623.0SL=11.31-3.0SL=0.00E+00203040Last 25 Observati

2、ons75808590Observation NumberValues8090Ppk: 0.27Pp: 0.34StDev: 4.88816Overall (LT)Cpk: 0.43Cp: 0.54StDev: 3.06874Potential (ST)Capability PlotProcess ToleranceSpecificationsIIIIIIIIISTLT708090Normal Prob Plot708090Capability HistogramProcess Capability Sixpack for Process 1)10第第 1 1 步步StatQuality St

3、atQuality ToolsCapability ToolsCapability Analysis NormalAnalysis Normal)11第第 2 步步第第 3 步步第第 4 步步)12707580859095100LSLUSLProcess Capability Analysis for Process 1USLTargetLSLMeanSample NStDev (ST)StDev (LT)CpCPUCPLCpkCpmPpPPUPPLPpkPPM USLPPM TotalPPM USLPPM TotalPPM USLPPM Total90 *8084403.068744.888

4、160.540.650.430.43 *0.340.410.270.27200000.00125000.00325000.00 96207.74 25279.73121487.47206591.77109825.59316417.36Process DataPotential (ST) CapabilityOverall (LT) CapabilityObserved PerformanceExpected ST PerformanceExpected LT PerformanceSTLT)13)14)15535251504948474645Upper SpecLower Spec)16)17

5、)18)19ZU S Lo rZL S LUL )20 USLT+ 3 能力能力Z = 3123當(dāng)偏差減小，缺陷概率降低，所以能力增加我們希望我們希望 小小 Z大大z+ 6 能力能力Z = 61 2 3 4 5 6TUSL)21)22Z =(U S L -)Z =(L S L -)23)24ZZ0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.005.00e-0014.96e-0014.92e-0014.88e-0014.84e-0014.80e-0014.76e-0014.72e-0014.68e-0014.64e-0010.104.60

6、e-0014.56e-0014.52e-0014.48e-0014.44e-0014.40e-0014.36e-0014.33e-0014.29e-0014.25e-0010.204.21e-0014.17e-0014.13e-0014.09e-0014.05e-0014.01e-0013.97e-0013.94e-0013.90e-0013.86e-0010.303.82e-0013.78e-0013.74e-0013.71e-0013.67e-0013.63e-0013.59e-0013.56e-0013.52e-0013.48e-0010.403.45e-0013.41e-0013.37

7、e-0013.34e-0013.30e-0013.26e-0013.23e-0013.19e-0013.16e-0013.12e-0010.503.09e-0013.05e-0013.02e-0012.98e-0012.95e-0012.91e-0012.88e-0012.84e-0012.81e-0012.78e-0010.602.74e-0012.71e-0012.68e-0012.64e-0012.61e-0012.58e-0012.55e-0012.51e-0012.48e-0012.45e-0010.702.42e-0012.39e-0012.36e-0012.33e-0012.30

8、e-0012.27e-0012.24e-0012.21e-0012.18e-0012.15e-0010.802.12e-0012.09e-0012.06e-0012.03e-0012.00e-0011.98e-0011.95e-0011.92e-0011.89e-0011.87e-0010.901.84e-0011.81e-0011.79e-0011.76e-0011.74e-0011.71e-0011.69e-0011.66e-0011.64e-0011.61e-0011.001.59e-0011.56e-0011.54e-0011.52e-0011.49e-0011.47e-0011.45

9、e-0011.42e-0011.40e-0011.38e-0011.101.36e-0011.33e-0011.31e-0011.29e-0011.27e-0011.25e-0011.23e-0011.21e-0011.19e-0011.17e-0011.201.15e-0011.13e-0011.11e-0011.09e-0011.07e-0011.06e-0011.04e-0011.02e-0011.00e-0019.85e-0021.309.68e-0029.51e-0029.34e-0029.18e-0029.01e-0028.85e-0028.69e-0028.53e-0028.38

10、e-0028.23e-0021.408.08e-0027.93e-0027.78e-0027.64e-0027.49e-0027.35e-0027.21e-0027.08e-0026.94e-0026.81e-0021.506.68e-0026.55e-0026.43e-0026.30e-0026.18e-0026.06e-0025.94e-0025.82e-0025.71e-0025.59e-0021.605.48e-0025.37e-0025.26e-0025.16e-0025.05e-0024.95e-0024.85e-0024.75e-0024.65e-0024.55e-0021.70

11、4.46e-0024.36e-0024.27e-0024.18e-0024.09e-0024.01e-0023.92e-0023.84e-0023.75e-0023.67e-0021.803.59e-0023.51e-0023.44e-0023.36e-0023.29e-0023.22e-0023.14e-0023.07e-0023.01e-0022.94e-0021.902.87e-0022.81e-0022.74e-0022.68e-0022.62e-0022.56e-0022.50e-0022.44e-0022.39e-0022.33e-0022.002.28e-0022.22e-002

12、2.17e-0022.12e-0022.07e-0022.02e-0021.97e-0021.92e-0021.88e-0021.83e-0022.101.79e-0021.74e-0021.70e-0021.66e-0021.62e-0021.58e-0021.54e-0021.50e-0021.46e-0021.43e-0022.201.39e-0021.36e-0021.32e-0021.29e-0021.25e-0021.22e-0021.19e-0021.16e-0021.13e-0021.10e-0022.301.07e-0021.04e-0021.02e-0029.90e-003

13、9.64e-0039.39e-0039.14e-0038.89e-0038.66e-0038.42e-0032.408.20e-0037.98e-0037.76e-0037.55e-0037.34e-0037.14e-0036.95e-0036.76e-0036.57e-0036.39e-0032.506.21e-0036.04e-0035.87e-0035.70e-0035.54e-0035.39e-0035.23e-0035.08e-0034.94e-0034.80e-0032.604.66e-0034.53e-0034.40e-0034.27e-0034.15e-0034.02e-003

14、3.91e-0033.79e-0033.68e-0033.57e-0032.703.47e-0033.36e-0033.26e-0033.17e-0033.07e-0032.98e-0032.89e-0032.80e-0032.72e-0032.64e-0032.802.56e-0032.48e-0032.40e-0032.33e-0032.26e-0032.19e-0032.12e-0032.05e-0031.99e-0031.93e-0032.901.87e-0031.81e-0031.75e-0031.69e-0031.64e-0031.59e-0031.54e-0031.49e-003

15、1.44e-0031.39e-003)25Z0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 3.001.35e-0031.31e-0031.26e-0031.22e-0031.18e-0031.14e-0031.11e-0031.07e-0031.04e-0031.00e-0033.109.68e-0049.35e-0049.04e-0048.74e-0048.45e-0048.16e-0047.89e-0047.62e-0047.36e-0047.11e-0043.206.87e-0046.64e-0046.41e-0046.19e-004

16、5.98e-0045.77e-0045.57e-0045.38e-0045.19e-0045.01e-0043.304.83e-0044.66e-0044.50e-0044.34e-0044.19e-0044.04e-0043.90e-0043.76e-0043.62e-0043.49e-0043.403.37e-0043.25e-0043.13e-0043.02e-0042.91e-0042.80e-0042.70e-0042.60e-0042.51e-0042.42e-0043.502.33e-0042.24e-0042.16e-0042.08e-0042.00e-0041.93e-004

17、1.85e-0041.78e-0041.72e-0041.65e-0043.601.59e-0041.53e-0041.47e-0041.42e-0041.36e-0041.31e-0041.26e-0041.21e-0041.17e-0041.12e-0043.701.08e-0041.04e-0049.96e-0059.57e-0059.20e-0058.84e-0058.50e-0058.16e-0057.84e-0057.53e-0053.807.23e-0056.95e-0056.67e-0056.41e-0056.15e-0055.91e-0055.67e-0055.44e-005

18、5.22e-0055.01e-0053.904.81e-0054.61e-0054.43e-0054.25e-0054.07e-0053.91e-0053.75e-0053.59e-0053.45e-0053.30e-0054.003.17e-0053.04e-0052.91e-0052.79e-0052.67e-0052.56e-0052.45e-0052.35e-0052.25e-0052.16e-0054.102.07e-0051.98e-0051.89e-0051.81e-0051.74e-0051.66e-0051.59e-0051.52e-0051.46e-0051.39e-005

19、4.201.33e-0051.28e-0051.22e-0051.17e-0051.12e-0051.07e-0051.02e-0059.77e-0069.34e-0068.93e-0064.308.54e-0068.16e-0067.80e-0067.46e-0067.12e-0066.81e-0066.50e-0066.21e-0065.93e-0065.67e-0064.405.41e-0065.17e-0064.94e-0064.71e-0064.50e-0064.29e-0064.10e-0063.91e-0063.73e-0063.56e-0064.503.40e-0063.24e

20、-0063.09e-0062.95e-0062.81e-0062.68e-0062.56e-0062.44e-0062.32e-0062.22e-0064.602.11e-0062.01e-0061.92e-0061.83e-0061.74e-0061.66e-0061.58e-0061.51e-0061.43e-0061.37e-0064.701.30e-0061.24e-0061.18e-0061.12e-0061.07e-0061.02e-0069.68e-0079.21e-0078.76e-0078.34e-0074.807.93e-0077.55e-0077.18e-0076.83e

21、-0076.49e-0076.17e-0075.87e-0075.58e-0075.30e-0075.04e-0074.904.79e-0074.55e-0074.33e-0074.11e-0073.91e-0073.71e-0073.52e-0073.35e-0073.18e-0073.02e-0075.002.87e-0072.72e-0072.58e-0072.45e-0072.33e-0072.21e-0072.10e-0071.99e-0071.89e-0071.79e-0075.101.70e-0071.61e-0071.53e-0071.45e-0071.37e-0071.30e

22、-0071.23e-0071.17e-0071.11e-0071.05e-0075.209.96e-0089.44e-0088.95e-0088.48e-0088.03e-0087.60e-0087.20e-0086.82e-0086.46e-0086.12e-0085.305.79e-0085.48e-0085.19e-0084.91e-0084.65e-0084.40e-0084.16e-0083.94e-0083.72e-0083.52e-0085.403.33e-0083.15e-0082.98e-0082.82e-0082.66e-0082.52e-0082.38e-0082.25e

23、-0082.13e-0082.01e-0085.501.90e-0081.79e-0081.69e-0081.60e-0081.51e-0081.43e-0081.35e-0081.27e-0081.20e-0081.14e-0085.601.07e-0081.01e-0089.55e-0099.01e-0098.50e-0098.02e-0097.57e-0097.14e-0096.73e-0096.35e-0095.705.99e-0095.65e-0095.33e-0095.02e-0094.73e-0094.46e-0094.21e-0093.96e-0093.74e-0093.52e

24、-0095.803.32e-0093.12e-0092.94e-0092.77e-0092.61e-0092.46e-0092.31e-0092.18e-0092.05e-0091.93e-0095.901.82e-0091.71e-0091.61e-0091.51e-0091.43e-0091.34e-0091.26e-0091.19e-0091.12e-0091.05e-009Z)26Z0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 6.009.87e-0109.28e-0108.72e-0108.20e-0107.71e-0107.24

25、e-0106.81e-0106.40e-0106.01e-0105.65e-0106.105.30e-0104.98e-0104.68e-0104.39e-0104.13e-0103.87e-0103.64e-0103.41e-0103.21e-0103.01e-0106.202.82e-0102.65e-0102.49e-0102.33e-0102.19e-0102.05e-0101.92e-0101.81e-0101.69e-0101.59e-0106.301.49e-0101.40e-0101.31e-0101.23e-0101.15e-0101.08e-0101.01e-0109.45

26、e-0118.85e-0118.29e-0116.407.77e-0117.28e-0116.81e-0116.38e-0115.97e-0115.59e-0115.24e-0114.90e-0114.59e-0114.29e-0116.504.02e-0113.76e-0113.52e-0113.29e-0113.08e-0112.88e-0112.69e-0112.52e-0112.35e-0112.20e-0116.602.06e-0111.92e-0111.80e-0111.68e-0111.57e-0111.47e-0111.37e-0111.28e-0111.19e-0111.12

27、e-0116.701.04e-0119.73e-0129.09e-0128.48e-0127.92e-0127.39e-0126.90e-0126.44e-0126.01e-0125.61e-0126.805.23e-0124.88e-0124.55e-0124.25e-0123.96e-0123.69e-0123.44e-0123.21e-0122.99e-0122.79e-0126.902.60e-0122.42e-0122.26e-0122.10e-0121.96e-0121.83e-0121.70e-0121.58e-0121.48e-0121.37e-0127.001.28e-012

28、1.19e-0121.11e-0121.03e-0129.61e-0138.95e-0138.33e-0137.75e-0137.21e-0136.71e-0137.106.24e-0135.80e-0135.40e-0135.02e-0134.67e-0134.34e-0134.03e-0133.75e-0133.49e-0133.24e-0137.203.01e-0132.80e-0132.60e-0132.41e-0132.24e-0132.08e-0131.94e-0131.80e-0131.67e-0131.55e-0137.301.44e-0131.34e-0131.24e-013

29、1.15e-0131.07e-0139.91e-0149.20e-0148.53e-0147.91e-0147.34e-0147.406.81e-0146.31e-0145.86e-0145.43e-0145.03e-0144.67e-0144.33e-0144.01e-0143.72e-0143.44e-0147.503.19e-0142.96e-0142.74e-0142.54e-0142.35e-0142.18e-0142.02e-0141.87e-0141.73e-0141.60e-0147.601.48e-0141.37e-0141.27e-0141.17e-0141.09e-014

30、1.00e-0149.30e-0158.60e-0157.95e-0157.36e-0157.706.80e-0156.29e-0155.82e-0155.38e-0154.97e-0154.59e-0154.25e-0153.92e-0153.63e-0153.35e-0157.803.10e-0152.86e-0152.64e-0152.44e-0152.25e-0152.08e-0151.92e-0151.77e-0151.64e-0151.51e-0157.901.39e-0151.29e-0151.19e-0151.10e-0151.01e-0159.33e-0168.60e-016

31、7.93e-0167.32e-0166.75e-0168.006.22e-0165.74e-0165.29e-0164.87e-0164.49e-0164.14e-0163.81e-0163.51e-0163.24e-0162.98e-0168.102.75e-0162.53e-0162.33e-0162.15e-0161.98e-0161.82e-0161.68e-0161.54e-0161.42e-0161.31e-0168.201.20e-0161.11e-0161.02e-0169.36e-0178.61e-0177.92e-0177.28e-0176.70e-0176.16e-017

32、5.66e-0178.305.21e-0174.79e-0174.40e-0174.04e-0173.71e-0173.41e-0173.14e-0172.88e-0172.65e-0172.43e-0178.402.23e-0172.05e-0171.88e-0171.73e-0171.59e-0171.46e-0171.34e-0171.23e-0171.13e-0171.03e-0178.509.48e-0188.70e-0187.98e-0187.32e-0186.71e-0186.15e-0185.64e-0185.17e-0184.74e-0184.35e-0188.603.99e

33、-0183.65e-0183.35e-0183.07e-0182.81e-0182.57e-0182.36e-0182.16e-0181.98e-0181.81e-0188.701.66e-0181.52e-0181.39e-0181.27e-0181.17e-0181.07e-0189.76e-0198.93e-0198.17e-0197.48e-0198.806.84e-0196.26e-0195.72e-0195.23e-0194.79e-0194.38e-0194.00e-0193.66e-0193.34e-0193.06e-0198.902.79e-0192.55e-0192.33e

34、-0192.13e-0191.95e-0191.78e-0191.62e-0191.48e-0191.35e-0191.24e-019Z)27Z0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 9.001.13e-0191.03e-0199.40e-0208.58e-0207.83e-0207.15e-0206.52e-020 5.95e-0205.43e-0204.95e-0209.104.52e-0204.12e-0203.76e-0203.42e-0203.12e-0202.85e-0202.59e-020 2.37e-0202.16e-

35、0201.96e-0209.201.79e-0201.63e-0201.49e-0201.35e-0201.23e-0201.12e-0201.02e-020 9.31e-0218.47e-0217.71e-0219.307.02e-0216.39e-0215.82e-0215.29e-0214.82e-0214.38e-0213.99e-021 3.63e-0213.30e-0213.00e-0219.402.73e-0212.48e-0212.26e-0212.05e-0211.86e-0211.69e-0211.54e-021 1.40e-0211.27e-0211.16e-0219.5

36、01.05e-0219.53e-0228.66e-0227.86e-0227.14e-0226.48e-0225.89e-022 5.35e-0224.85e-0224.40e-0229.604.00e-0223.63e-0223.29e-0222.99e-0222.71e-0222.46e-0222.23e-022 2.02e-0221.83e-0221.66e-0229.701.51e-0221.37e-0221.24e-0221.12e-0221.02e-0229.22e-0238.36e-023 7.57e-0236.86e-0236.21e-0239.805.63e-0235.10e

37、-0234.62e-0234.18e-0233.79e-0233.43e-0233.10e-023 2.81e-0232.54e-0232.30e-0239.902.08e-0231.88e-0231.70e-0231.54e-0231.39e-0231.26e-0231.14e-023 1.03e-0239.32e-0248.43e-02410.007.62e-0246.89e-0246.23e-0245.63e-0245.08e-0244.59e-0244.15e-024 3.75e-0243.39e-0243.06e-024Z)28 例子例子: : 客戶要求所有交付的燈泡都是完整的客戶要

38、求所有交付的燈泡都是完整的.沒有破損的沒有破損的. . 在在100100個樣品中有個樣品中有1717個是破損的個是破損的. . DPMODPMO是多少是多少? ? 這個發(fā)運過程的這個發(fā)運過程的 “ “sigma” sigma” 是多少是多少? ?1) 運用規(guī)范來確定缺陷率. 缺陷是破損的燈泡. 破損率 = 17/100 = 0.17 或 17%2) 計算 DPMO:破損率 X 1000000 機(jī)會 = 0.17 X 1,000,000 = 170,000 DPMO3) 將缺陷率轉(zhuǎn)換為用科學(xué)記數(shù)法表示:0.17 = 1.7E-01)294) 4) 從正態(tài)分布表中查找從正態(tài)分布表中查找 Z Z 值

39、值: :正態(tài)分布正態(tài)分布Z Z0 00.010.010.020.020.030.030.040.040.050.050.060.060.070.070.080.080.090.090.05.00E-014.96E-014.92E-014.88E-014.84E-014.80E-014.76E-014.72E-014.68E-014.64E-010.14.60E-014.56E-014.52E-014.48E-014.44E-014.40E-014.36E-014.33E-014.29E-014.25E-010.24.21E-014.17E-014.13E-014.09E-014.05E-014

40、.01E-013.97E-013.94E-013.90E-013.86E-010.33.82E-013.78E-013.75E-013.71E-013.67E-013.63E-013.59E-013.56E-013.52E-013.48E-010.43.45E-013.41E-013.37E-013.34E-013.30E-013.26E-013.23E-013.19E-013.16E-013.12E-010.53.09E-013.05E-013.02E-012.98E-012.95E-012.91E-012.88E-012.84E-012.81E-012.78E-010.62.74E-012

41、.71E-012.68E-012.64E-012.61E-012.58E-012.55E-012.51E-012.48E-012.45E-010.72.42E-012.39E-012.36E-012.33E-012.30E-012.27E-012.24E-012.21E-012.18E-012.15E-010.82.12E-012.09E-012.06E-012.03E-012.01E-011.98E-011.95E-011.92E-011.89E-011.87E-010.91.84E-011.81E-011.79E-011.76E-011.74E-011.71E-011.69E-011.66

42、E-011.64E-011.61E-01Z = 0.96, Z = 0.96, 或者說或者說, , 該過程是一個該過程是一個 0.96 0.96 sigma sigma 過程過程 . . 相對于相對于 6 6 sigma sigma 的目的目標(biāo)來講標(biāo)來講, , 不是很好不是很好. .Z例子 - 邏輯變量)30)31)32Z=( x -)33計算計算 Z Z 值需要值需要 4 4 個條件個條件: :1) 平均值Mean 2) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差3) 規(guī)范 (單邊 或 雙邊)4) 正態(tài)分布的假定 (那么就可以使用正態(tài)表確定缺陷率)例子例子 #1 #1A (A (單邊規(guī)范極限單邊規(guī)范極限): ):等候服務(wù)臺回

43、答你的電話的平均時間為5分鐘. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差為2.06分鐘. 規(guī)范是小于或等于7分鐘. DPMO和Z值各是多少?1) 計算 Z 值:X = 5Zusl = USL - X = 7 - 5 = 0.97s = 2.06 s 2.06USL = 7 2) 確定缺陷率 (超過7分鐘才被回答的電話):USL57超出規(guī)范上限的缺陷!單邊規(guī)范單邊規(guī)范)34正態(tài)分布正態(tài)分布Z Z0 00.010.010.020.020.030.030.040.040.050.050.060.060.070.070.080.080.090.090.05.00E-014.96E-014.92E-014.88E-014.84E-01

44、4.80E-014.76E-014.72E-014.68E-014.64E-010.14.60E-014.56E-014.52E-014.48E-014.44E-014.40E-014.36E-014.33E-014.29E-014.25E-010.24.21E-014.17E-014.13E-014.09E-014.05E-014.01E-013.97E-013.94E-013.90E-013.86E-010.33.82E-013.78E-013.75E-013.71E-013.67E-013.63E-013.59E-013.56E-013.52E-013.48E-010.43.45E-01

45、3.41E-013.37E-013.34E-013.30E-013.26E-013.23E-013.19E-013.16E-013.12E-010.53.09E-013.05E-013.02E-012.98E-012.95E-012.91E-012.88E-012.84E-012.81E-012.78E-010.62.74E-012.71E-012.68E-012.64E-012.61E-012.58E-012.55E-012.51E-012.48E-012.45E-010.72.42E-012.39E-012.36E-012.33E-012.30E-012.27E-012.24E-012.2

46、1E-012.18E-012.15E-010.82.12E-012.09E-012.06E-012.03E-012.01E-011.98E-011.95E-011.92E-011.89E-011.87E-010.91.84E-011.81E-011.79E-011.76E-011.74E-011.71E-011.69E-011.66E-011.64E-011.61E-01ZZ Z 值大于值大于0.970.97的概率是多少的概率是多少? ?查表, 當(dāng) Z=0.97時, 概率 = 1.66E-01科學(xué)計數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換科學(xué)計數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換: : 1.66E-01 = 0.166這表示這表示, , 電話超過電話超過7

47、 7分鐘才被回答的概率是分鐘才被回答的概率是0.166, 0.166, 或者說或者說, , 缺陷率是缺陷率是0.1660.166或或16.6%.16.6%.該過程的該過程的 “ “sigma” sigma” 是多少是多少? ?Z=.97 Z=.97 所以該過程是所以該過程是 0.97 0.97 sigmasigma過程過程相對于我們的相對于我們的 6 6 sigma sigma 目標(biāo)不很好目標(biāo)不很好. .單邊規(guī)范單邊規(guī)范)3530252015105Upper SpecUpper Spec)3665432Low er SpecLow er Spec 3.00 - 4.36 0.81Z = -1.

48、68 LSL - X sZ =)37)38)39)40)41)42535251504948474645Upper SpecLow er Spec)43Z=(L S L - x ) =4 6 - 4 8 .6 81 .1 1 = - 2 .4 2LZ=(USL - x) =50 - 48.681.11 = 1.19U535251504948474645Upper SpecLow er Spec535251504948474645Upper SpecLow er Spec)44)45535251504948474645U p p e r S p e cL o w e r S p e c535251

49、504948474645Upper SpecLow er Spec5 35 25 15 04 94 84 74 64 5U p p e r S p e cL o w e r S p e c)46LSLZ.LSL = X - LSL S=1.050 - 1.000 .015 Z.LSL = 3.33查表查表, .0004 or ( .04% ) 超出規(guī)范超出規(guī)范正態(tài)分布舉例正態(tài)分布舉例規(guī)范為規(guī)范為 1.030” + .030 = ( 1.000, 1.060 )假定測量假定測量 30 個零件個零件, X = 1.050, s = .015計算超出規(guī)范的比率計算超出規(guī)范的比率查表查表 .2514 or ( 25% ) 超出規(guī)范超出規(guī)范.USL Z.U