賓語從句用法小結(jié)

1、賓語從句用法小結(jié)賓語從句是初中英語中最重要的語法之一。中考經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)相關(guān)的題目。掌握賓語從句應(yīng)注意引導(dǎo)詞（連詞），語序以及時(shí)態(tài)三方面要素。下面的表格可以幫助大家理解這一部分內(nèi)容賓語從句句式連詞語序陳述句that不變一般疑問句If/whether改為陳述語序特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞改為陳述語序賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)問題主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)從句保留原來時(shí)態(tài)改為過去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)客觀事實(shí)和自然現(xiàn)象除外所謂過去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)指的是如下的變化一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(was/were doing)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)（had 過去分詞）一般將來時(shí)態(tài)過去將來時(shí)態(tài)（would do.was/

2、were going to do）接下來我們一起來具體了解賓語從句的用法以及應(yīng)注意點(diǎn)（你認(rèn)為重要的或者容易出錯(cuò)的地方最好用紅筆劃出來）一、 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1. 當(dāng)由陳述句來充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義常省略。eg. I think (that) he is right. I know (that) she is a Canadian athlete. Im sure (that) he will get the job. Im glad (that) you are trying to help others. He tells me (that) he will work

3、 hard this term.特別注意：賓語從句否定意義的轉(zhuǎn)移。 若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think , believe , suppose, guess等詞，而且主句的主語是第一人稱時(shí)候，如果從句謂語是否定的，一般要將否定詞not轉(zhuǎn)移至主句謂語上去，而將從句謂語改為肯定形式。如：I dont think he has time to come to the party .2. 當(dāng)由特殊疑問句做賓語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞由原來的特殊疑問詞來充當(dāng)。有意義不能省略。從句的語序要用陳述語序。句末的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號由主句決定。常出現(xiàn)的特殊疑問詞：when, why, how, where, who、whom、whose、

4、which, what等。 eg. 1) He asks. How can they get to school? He asks how they can get to school. 2) Do you know? When did he buy this pen? Do you know when he bought this pen? 3) Can you tell me ? What is your name? Can you tell me what your name is?3. 當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”“是不是”“能否”等。 eg.

5、 1) He asks me if/ whether he can come. 2) Im not sure if/ whether she will help me. 3) Do you know if/ whether the train will arrive on time?特別注意：1）直接與or not連用時(shí),往往用whether 不用if eg. Let me know whether or not he will come 讓我知道他是否能來。2）介詞之后用whether 不用if eg. They are talking about whether he will win t

6、he game. Im worried about whether they will arrive on time.3) 不定式前用whether 不用if二、賓語從句要用陳述句語序賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。所謂陳述句語序就是指賓語從句中主語一定要放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前(1)主句（that）從句（主語謂語）；(2 )主句if/whether從句（主語謂語）；(3)主句特殊疑問詞+陳述句語序（主語謂語） eg. Do you know why winter is colder than summer? Can you tell me what your name is?特別注意：Whats th

7、e matter ? 作為賓語從句時(shí)有兩種前況。當(dāng)它的解釋是“怎么了？”時(shí)，語序不要變化。當(dāng)它的解釋是 “ 這是什么物質(zhì)？”時(shí)，要變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z序。如：The teacher asked the students what the matter was.The teacher asked the students what was the matter ? 三、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)要遵循時(shí)態(tài)的一致性原則。賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受主句謂語時(shí)態(tài)的制約，這種現(xiàn)象稱為“時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)”1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句謂語動(dòng)詞的影響，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。eg. I know that she wil

8、l leave China tomorrow. Do you know why I could pass the exam last term ? 2.主句是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)要用與過 去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。比如，一般過去時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等等。eg. Mr. King didnt know when his son came home yesterday evening. He wanted to know when the meeting would start. She didnt tell us where she lived.3. 主句是一般過去時(shí)，但如果賓語從句 表

9、示的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象，其謂語時(shí)態(tài)則仍然一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。eg. The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound . He said that the sun rises in the east. She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her.特別注意：若是主句出現(xiàn) Could you tell me ? Would you please tell me ? 這樣的句型，并不表示過去時(shí)只是表示比較婉轉(zhuǎn)的語氣，其后的賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。不要混淆哦。

10、做題目要特別注意。eg. Could you tell me whether you will call me this evening?四、賓語從句和狀語從句的分辯在某些情況下，同學(xué)們?nèi)菀谆煜e語從句和狀語從句。如if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和條件狀語從句?？梢杂靡韵路椒▉硖幚恚?#160; 當(dāng)if解釋為“是否”時(shí)，其引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句。遵循賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)則。  He doesnt know if the famous singer will come tomorrow.  當(dāng)if解釋為“如果”時(shí)，其引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句。遵循的是“主將從一”的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)則。He will come

11、if he has time tomorrow.五、例題講解(1) He asked _.A. that she was free the next weekB. if she has done her workC. what did she doD. what her name was根據(jù)語序可以排除C,根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)可以排除B,根據(jù)asked可以判斷后面是疑問句，不可能用that 這個(gè)連詞，因此選擇D.（2）Didnt your teacher say _?A. how long you would be awayB. the moon traveled round the earthC. th

12、at Peter is very cleverD. that light travels faster than sound根據(jù)say排除A,因?yàn)樗竺嬷荒芨愂鼍?，根?jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)排除C, 而B,D都屬于客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以只能選D.六、實(shí)踐操練1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting bookAthat            Bhow&#

13、160;        Cwhat          Dif2I don't know _  MrGreen will come to see us He will help us with our English  Awhy       Bwhen        Chow

14、0;      Dwhere3We never know _  the old man is They say he is a teacherAwhat      Bwho       Cwhich      Dwhere4. Do you know _  ？I'm going to see him    Sorry，I don't

15、 knowAwhere does MrLi live   Bwhere did MrLi liveCwhere MrLi lives     Dwhere MrLi lived5. I don't feel very wellMum asked me _ this morningAwhat the matter is  Bwhat is wrong   Cwhat was the matter  Dwhat wrong was6. Do you know _?A.What time wi

16、ll the plane take offB. What time would the plane take offC. What time the plane will take offD. the plane will take off at what time7. The manager came up to see _.A. what was the matter          B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is 

17、;           D. what's the matter8. The teacher didnt begin her class  _  the students stopped talking.       Auntil              Bb

18、ecause                 Cafter               Dwhen9. If it  _  tomorrow, well go to the Great wall.      &

19、#160; Adoesnt rain         Bwont rain        Cnot rains     Disnt rain10. .Could you tell me _  we get to the plane?       Ahow     

20、60;    Bwhether             Cwhere              Dwhat11. The teacher says  _  she will leave a message on the headmasters desk.  &

21、#160;    Aif                   Bwho               Cthat           

22、0;    Dwhat12. You must make your new house clean and safe _  you move in.       Abecause              Bwhen           &

23、#160;  Cbefore              Duntil13. I was  _ tired  _  I couldnt walk on.       Asothat            

24、0;                 Btooto       Cverythat                         

25、;     Dveryto14. I thought he  _   to see his mother if he _  time.       Awill gohas                     

26、0;       Bwill go will have       Cwould go would have                     Dwould go had參考答案：D A ACC C A A A A CC A D1. Wang Hai told me

27、0; _he didn't go cycling yesterday afternoon. (how, why)2. Can you tell me _else is going to be on duty? (who, whom)3. She said _it wouldn't matter much.(that, if)4. He always thinks  _ he can do better.(how, who)5. I hope he          &#

28、160;           (come) back in a week.6. Do it cost much money to fly to Beijing ? Could you tell me ?(合并為一個(gè)復(fù)合句) Could you tell me _ it _ much money to fly to Beijing ?7. I am good at swimming. Jack said. _8. Are they from Germany? Tom asked. _9. Did

29、that girl break the window? Please tell me. _10 How many girls are there in the room? Our teacher asked. _11 Have your parents ever been to London? He didnt know. _12 There are 12 months in a year. Mum told me. _參考答案：1.why 2.who 3 that 4. how 5 will come     6.if, costs 7. Jack s

30、aid that he was good at swimming.8. Tom asked if they were from Germany.9. Please tell me if that girl broke the window.10. Our teacher asked how many girls there were in the room.11. He didnt know if your parents had ever been to London.12. Mum told me that there are 12 months in a year習(xí)題（一） &

31、#160;  1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.     A. took B. take C. takes D. will take    2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.     A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been    3 T

32、he students want to know whether they_ a dictation  today.     A. had B. has . C. will have D. are    4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.     A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may    5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.

33、     A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled    答案：1-5 A D C B C習(xí)題（二）    1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?     A. who B. what C. when D. that    2 I don't know _ they have passed the exam.  

34、   A. what B. if C. when D. where    3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me.     A. that B. what C. which D. who    4 She didn't know_ back soon.     A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be    5.

35、 I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years.     A. whether B where C. what D. when      6. He asked me _told me the accident.     A whom B which C who D whose習(xí)題（三）    1. They don't know _  

36、their parents are.     A that B what C why D which    2. Please tell me _ last year.     A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work    C where your sister works D where your sister worked    3. She asked

37、 me if I knew _.     A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was     C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it    4. You must remember _.     A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say     C. your mother said what D. what h

38、as your mother said    5 Did you know _?     A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for     C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after    6 Could you tell me _?     A. when will they leave Beijing B. when

39、would they leave Beijing     C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing    答案：1-6 B D B A A C習(xí)題（四）    1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. （北京市東城區(qū)）     A. that

40、 B. how C. what D. if     2. I don't know _ Mr. Green will come to see us.     He will help us with our English. （杭州市）     A. why B. when C. how D. where     3. We never know _ the old m an is.     They say he is a teache

41、r. （鄂州市）     A. what B. who C. which D. where     4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. （重慶市）     A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when     5. Do you know _ ? I'm going to see him.  &#

42、160;  Sorry, I don't know. （北京市海淀區(qū)）     A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live     C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived     6. W here do you think _ he _ the computer?     Sorry, I have no idea. （南京市）   

43、;  A. ; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy     7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. （重慶市）     A. what the matter is B. what is wrong     C. what the matter was D. what wrong was     8. Where is Jack?

44、    He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _ . （南昌市）     A. that B. which C. where D. there     答案：14 D A A D 58 C A C C 賓語從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 I從下列A、B、C、D中選擇一個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)填空。 1I don't know _ he will co

45、me tomorrow_ he comes，I'll tell you Aif；Whether Bwhether；Whether Cif；That Dif；If 2I don't know _ the day after tomorrow Awhen does he come Bhow will he come Cif he comes Dwhether he'll come 3Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is？ Awhat Bhow Cwhether Dwhere 4Could you tell me _ the

46、radio without any help？ Ahow did he mend Bwhat did he mend Chow he mended Dwhat he mended 5I want to know _ Awhom is she looking after Bwhom she is looking Cwhom is she looking Dwhom she is looking after 6Do you know where _ now？ Ahe lives Bdoes he live Che lived Ddid he live 7Do you know what time

47、_ ？ Athe train leave Bdoes the train leave Cwill the train leave Dthe train leaves 8I don't know _ Can you tell me，please？ Ahow the two players are old Bhow old are the two players Cthe two players are how old Dhow old the two players are 9The small children don't know _ Awhat is their stock

48、ings in Bwhat is in their stockings Cwhere is their stockings in Dwhat in their stockings 10I can't understand _ Awhat does Christmas mean Bwhat Christmas does mean Cwhat mean Christmas does Dwhat Christmas means II按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型。 1Does MrBrown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改寫句子） Could you tell us _ MrBrown _ living in China？ 2“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3Jim is not a studentTom i