加氣混凝土砌塊的優(yōu)缺點

1、Delegates, staff: Hello! in the run-up to the Spri ng Festival, weheldonesessionof four staff representatives Conference 2013-workshop, fullback i n 2012, careful analysis of the currWh.ent situation, discuss 2013 development plans.Here, on behalf of my company 2013 work reports to theGe neral Assem

2、bly, forconsi deration.Pillar I, 2012 back in 2012,XXpow er companies adhere to the partys 17 great spirit for guintain stadance,comprehe nsively implement thescie ntific conceptof development, promoting cost-leadershipstrategy, standards, focuson implementation, lean management, continuously improv

3、e, smooth prese nt safety situationof enterprise management, business management andcontrol scientific andstandardized, and the dedication of staff, manage a harmonious and democratic atmosphere of the good situation. Main indicators are as follmillion kWh,an i ncrease of 757 million kWh.Sales total

4、ed 7.425billion kWh, exceeding sales of 330 million kWh theannual Executivebudget, an increase of 729 million k-Security measures: unplanne d outages 2.5 times.No personal injury a cci dentoccurred, no major accident and above, no major fire acci dent s without environmental pollution accide nts, sa

5、fety for three consecutive years to maibility to good posture.Business financial indicators: totalprofitsof 255 million Yuan,beyond the a nnual budgetof 207 million Yuan,beyond the Datang company index 41.89 million Yuan, an increaseof 1.76 million Yuan, FCM assessment at grade four.-Energy:powersup

6、plystandard coalcompleting 312.25g/k Wh,down 0.1 g/kWh; integrated auxiliarypower consumption ratioefficiency of more than 99.8%.-Reliability index: equivalent availability factor in 93.47%, increased 7.95% from a year earlier.Equivalent forced outage rate 0.08%, 0.16% reduction over thesame period

7、a year earlier.Major achievements: first, we should adhere to the two management system basis, strengthe ning technological research, strengthen hidde n ha zards control and intrinsicsafety Enterpriseconstruction tooknew steps.-The tw o management system for improvement. Focus on promoting the power

8、 of thecompany management system and the application and implementation of thesafety loop five-star management system, improve the safety management system, realize the systemof safety control. Further regulate se curity routines, safety supervision and management network role toplay to achieveclose

9、d-loop. Strengthening thesupervision a ndmanagement of habitual violation of, strengthening the safety supervisionof outsourcing contractspring and autumnof security inspections, flood control and inspection, safety production month, day supervision of production safety and theOlympic Games and othe

10、r加氣混凝土砌塊的優(yōu)缺點我國前幾年以前房屋建筑中使用的砌體材料多采用粘土燒結磚，但是最近幾年來，國家出于對土壤的保護，逐漸減少粘土燒結磚的使用量，部分地區(qū)禁止使用粘土燒結磚的政策已經推出并在執(zhí)行中。因此，尋找一種替代粘土燒結磚的砌體材料已經成為建筑行業(yè)中的頭等大事。灰砂磚、空心砌體、水泥磚等一系列的砌體材料均有在建筑中被使用。加氣混凝土砌塊也隨著進入人們的視野，并且依靠其本身的特點逐漸成為建筑行業(yè)中的新寵兒。加氣混凝土砌塊在今后幾年時間勢必會大量使用在建筑中。在這里有必要談談關于加氣混凝土砌塊的優(yōu)點和缺點，供建筑同行們參考。加氣混凝土砌塊由硅質材料（砂）和鈣質材料（水泥、石灰）為主要材料，加入

11、適量的調節(jié)劑、發(fā)泡劑、經混合攪拌澆注發(fā)泡，坯體靜停，切割、高溫高壓蒸養(yǎng)等工序制成。因此，加氣混凝土砌塊具有無數微小、獨立、分布均勻的氣孔結構而形成輕質高強、耐久保溫、吸音、防水、抗震、施工快捷（與粘土燒結磚相比）、可加工性強等多種功能，是一種優(yōu)良的新型墻體材料。下面先逐一介紹加氣混凝土砌塊的優(yōu)點：1、容重輕 , 一般為 500 公斤 / 立方米至 700 公斤 / 立方米，只相當于粘土磚和灰砂磚的 1/4 至 1/3 、普通混凝土的 1/5 ；由于減輕重量，將會給建筑工程帶來一系列的好處。 a) 、提高建筑物的抗震性能； b) 、減少建筑物梁、柱截面尺寸及配筋，降低工程造價； c) 建筑物自重

12、減輕，可減少基礎投資； d) 、增加建筑物的使用面積； e) 、同樣結構可提高建筑物層高及加層。2、強度利用率大，由于加氣混凝土砌塊重量輕，每塊可以做到相當于10 多塊紅磚體積，所以整體強度大，強度利用率提高，其強度利用系數為0.7 0.8 ，而粘土磚強度利用系數為 0.2 0.3 ，遠遠比加氣混凝土砌塊小。3、隔熱、保溫性能好，由于加氣混凝土砌塊本身構造特點，比起粘土磚大大降低了導熱系數。 加氣混凝土砌塊的導熱系數為 0.11 0.15W/MK，其隔熱保溫性能是粘土磚的 5 倍，所以應用建筑物的外墻、屋面保溫層、冷凍庫、空調室中，可提高隔熱保溫效果，從而降低能耗。4、吸音、隔音性能好，加氣混

13、凝土是多孔結構，具有一定的吸音能力，完全滿足分戶墻的隔音要求。5、抗?jié)B透性能好，由于加氣混凝土砌塊部氣孔是封閉、獨立球狀結構，滲水有先快后慢的特點，。經試驗測定，采用淋浴噴頭分別不停的向 240mm厚的加氣混凝土墻和 240mm厚的粘土磚墻噴淋，粘土磚墻經 12 小時全部滲透，而加氣混凝土墻噴淋 72 小時后滲水深度為 80mm100mm，因此用加氣混凝土砌筑的外墻，特別適用于南方地區(qū)多雨季節(jié)的建筑結構。6、耐久性，加氣混凝土長期強度穩(wěn)定，把 150mm150mm150mm試件暴露于大氣中，一年后抗壓強度提高 25%，十年后仍保持穩(wěn)定。按照凍融試驗，若一個循環(huán)可代表 510 年壽命計算，加氣混

14、凝土 15 個凍融試驗強度不降低，說明其耐久性較好。7、抗震性能較好，建筑物由于采用了輕質材料砌筑，大大降低了地震時建筑物產生的水平推力。在 1976 年大地震中，北京建材局百萬莊兩棟 5 層采用加氣混凝土磚的住宅樓震后結構良好，完整無損。而該樓附近的磚混宿舍樓出現不同程度的裂縫。activities, comprehensive and tamping Safety Foundation . Troubleshooting, management mechanism, give fullplay to roleof technicalsupervision and realization o

15、f troubleshooting, management, improved process management. This year compl eted theboil er lowerheader leakage, boilerpressure, a major risk management,completed 29of great risks and 3 General problemsof governance. Complete chemistry labconstruction, thermal control, and complete theboil er scale

16、i ntegrated management, host shafting vibration of 10 scientific and tchnologicalproje cts, such as.Complete supercritical 630MWon-linesimulation system development and application of circulating water MCC standbypower transformation, the transformationof desulfurization waste water, the unit water

17、supply system of comprehensive treatment and discharge valve modificationof coal mill5 key technological transformation projects, group health is impr oved.-S cience and technology innovation is furtherincreased. Strengthen t he characteristicsof supercriticalunit major issues, gradually clearing th

18、e particularity of supercritical unit and regularity. Develope d motoroil time management, switch action times,statistics,coal -ai ded measurement software, improves the production levelof lean management. Increased investment in science and technology, reporting science and technologyprojects a nd1

19、4 technical project total cost percentage of the total annualproduction output of 0.25%. Large-scale coal-fired power plant flue gas desulfurization, de nitrification complete development and appli cation of key technologies project, won the national scie nce a nd te chnology progress second prize.

20、630MWsupercritical units optimized control strategies and the 630MW development and application of on-line simulation system for supercritical units, supercritical 600MW units of turbine driven boiler feedpump set of comprehensive treatment of defects Datang technology respectively one or two andthi

21、rd.Meanwhile, information technology achievements, the company was named China power information technologybenchmarking enterprises. -Repair and maintenance has improved f urther. Modify the inspection standards and standards ona regularbasis,standardizing workprocedures, checking and i nspection pr

22、oje ct. Deepening theBFS+ system, and im plements maintena nce i nformationshared. Reorganizing RB logi c again, and ensure thesuccess of the RB. Innovati ng the mecha nism of maintenance management, implemented aproject manager system. Successful completion of two autonomous maintenance, reli abili

23、ty improved stea dily. Implementing two c-level maintenance,project themselves 48.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Accomplish two circulating pumps repair and overhaulof four Mills, maintenance teams to get exercise.Promote the workof energy saving andconsumption reducing, complete the unit energy consum

24、ptitest, 10 energy-saving projects.Second, we should adhere to three on the economic benefits of improving, outreachDelegates, staff: Hello! in the run-up to the Spri ng Festival, weheldonesessionof four staff representatives Conference 2013-workshop, fullback i n 2012, careful analysis of the currW

25、h.ent situation, discuss 2013 development plans.Here, on behalf of my comnjury apany 2013 work reports to theGe neral Assembly, forconsi deration.Pillar I, 2012 back in 2012,XX power companies adhere to the partys 17 great spirit for guintain stadance,comprehe nsively implement thescie ntific concep

26、tof development, promoting cost-leadershipstrategy, standards, focuson implementation, lean management, continuously improve, smooth prese nt safety situationof enterprise management, business management andcontrol scientific andstandardized, and the dedication of staff, manage a harmonious and demo

27、cratic atmosphere of the good situation. Maimillion kWh,an i ncrease of 757 million kWh.Sales totaled 7.425billion kWh, exceeding sales of 330 million kWh theannual Executivebudget, an increase of 729 million k-Security measures: unplanne d outages 2.5 times.No personal icci dentoccurred, no major a

28、ccident and above, no major fire acci dent s without environmental pollutionaccidents, safety for three consecutive years to maibility to good posture.Business financial indicators: totalprofitsof 255 million Yuan,beyond the a nnual budgetof 207 million Yuan,beyond the Data ng company index 41.89 mi

29、llion Yuan, an increaseof 1.76 million Yuan, FCM assessment at grade four.-Energy:powersupplystandard coalcompleting 312.25g/k Wh,down 0.1 g/kWh; integrated auxiliaryefficiency of more than 99.8%.-Reliability index: equivalent availability factor in 93.47%, increased 7.95% from a year earlier.Equiva

30、lent forced outage rate 0.08%, 0.16% reduction over thesame period a year earlier.Major achievements: first, we should adhere to the two management system basis, strengthe ning technological research, strengthen hidde n ha zards control and intrinsicsafety Enterpriseconstruction tooknew steps.-The t

31、w o management system for improvement. Focus on promoting the power of thecompany management system and the application and implementation of thesafety loop five-star management system, improve the safety management system, realize the systemof safety control. Further regulate se curity routines, sa

32、fety supervision and management network role toplay to achieveclosed-loop. Strengthening thesupervision a ndmanagement of habitual violation of, strengthening the safety supervisionof outsourcing contractspring and autumnof security inspections, flood control and inspection, safety production month,

33、 day supervision of production safety and theOlympic Games and other8、可加工性好；加氣混凝土可用鋸加工，效果比粘土磚用磚刀加工好；可釘，可直接用榔頭把釘釘入墻， 一般 2 寸 3 寸的釘子釘入墻 2/3 ，可垂直懸掛 2 5kg 的物體；可固定膨脹螺栓，一般打孔固定 68mm的膨脹螺栓，該螺栓可垂直受力 35kg，水平受力 15 20kg；可用木螺栓固定不太受力的物體；可用電動或手動摟槽器在墻面摟出所需槽管，以方便線管安裝；固定門窗可先鉆孔，再放膨脹螺栓，擰緊螺絲固定在墻上。9、耐熱和耐火性能好，加氣混凝土屬不燃材料，耐火性

34、能比普通混凝土高得多，其在受熱 7000 c 以前不會損壞強度。正是由于加氣混凝土砌塊本身這么多優(yōu)點才得到人們的廣泛認可，才會越來越廣泛的被使用到建筑工程中去。但是，再好的事物也有缺陷的地方，怎樣更好的使用加氣混凝土砌塊，下面介紹幾點在建筑施工過程中可能遇到的問題及相應的處理辦法。1. 加氣混凝土砌塊空襲率大， 吸水高。因而不得砌筑在建筑物標高 0.00 以下或長期浸水或經常受干濕交替部位。在砌塊墻底部應用小塊實心砌體砌筑，其高度不宜小于 200mm。磚砌體要有三層防水砂漿，磚砌體與加氣混凝土之間還需要有防水砂漿。2. 加氣混凝土砌塊表面強度低，在運輸和搬運過程容易缺角或斷裂現象，增加材料的損

35、耗和浪費，因而在運輸和搬運過程應小心操作。3. 加氣混凝土砌塊表面容易起粉末，不易于與砂漿更好的粘結。所以砌塊墻體宜用粘結性良好的專用砂漿砌筑，也可用水泥石灰混和砂漿，砂漿的強度等級不宜小于 M2.5；用于外墻的不低于 M5，砂漿必須攪拌均勻，隨拌隨用，砂漿的稠度以 5cm7cm為宜。墻抹灰和外墻打底之前應對墻體進行拉毛處理并在抹灰砂漿中添加杜拉纖維。4. 若加氣混凝土砌塊墻上直接預留門窗洞口，容易造成門窗邊滲水或漏水現象，因而在處理門窗邊框塞縫時宜用 1：1：2 膨脹水泥砂漿摻 108 膠水進行塞縫，塞縫前基底清洗干凈用水泥漿刷一遍，先用發(fā)泡膠填縫，再用水泥砂漿嵌縫，確?？蜻吤軐崯o縫，最后在

36、外邊打防水膠。5. 加氣混凝土砌塊的生產齡期為 28 天，因而供應量受到一定的限制，不適宜小規(guī)模生產。這給選擇供貨商時造成不便?？傮w來說，加氣混凝土砌塊只要只要精心施工，規(guī)操作，盡可能避免或減少施工中可能出現的質量問題。加氣混凝土砌塊到也是建筑砌體中較好的選擇。一、砌筑砂漿的技術要求1、流動性 ( 稠度 ): 指在砂漿拌合物在自重或外力作用下產生流動的性質。2、保水性 : 指砂漿保全拌合水，不致因析水而造成離析的能力。3、強度 : 硬化后砂漿的強度，必須滿足設計要求才能保證砌體強度。4、粘結力 : 砌筑砂漿必須具有足夠的粘結力，才可使塊狀材料膠結為一個整體。二、砌磚工程的技術要求和施工方法一、

37、砌磚基礎的技術要求 : 磚基礎砌筑前，應先檢查墊土層施工是否符合質量要求，然后清掃墊層表面，將浮土及垃圾清除干凈。二、磚墻的技術要求(1) 全墻砌磚應平行砌起，磚層必須水平，磚層正確位置除用皮數桿控制外，每樓層砌完后必須校對一次水平，軸線和標高，在允許偏差圍，其偏差值應在基礎或樓板頂面調整 ;(2) 磚墻的水平灰縫厚度和豎縫寬度一般為10mm，但不小于 8mm也不大于 12mm，activities, comprehensive and tamping Safety Foundation . Troubleshooting, management mechanism, give fullpla

38、y to roleof technicalsupervision and realization of troubleshooting, management, improved process management. This year compl eted theboil er lowerheader leakage, boilerpressure, a major risk management,completed 29of great risks and 3 General problemsof governa nce. Complete chemistry labconstructi

39、on, thermal control, and com plete theboil er scale i ntegrated management, host shafting vibration of 10 scientific and technologicalproje cts, such as.Complete supercritical 630MWon-linesimulation system development and application of circulating water MCC standbypower transformation, the transfor

40、mationof desulfurization waste water, the unit water supply system of comprehensive treatment and discharge valve modificationof coal mill5 key technological transformation pr ojects, group health is impr oved.-S cience and technology innovation is furtherincreased. Strengthen t he characteristicsof

41、 supercriticalunit major issues, gradually clearing the particularity of supercritical unit and regularity. Develope d motoroil time management, switch action times,statistics,coal -ai ded measurement software, improves the production levelof lean management. Increased investment in science and tech

42、nology, reporting science and technologyproje cts a nd14 technical project total cost percentage of the total annualproduction output of 0.25%. Large-scale coal-fired power plant flue gas desulfurization, de nitrification complete development andappli cation of key technologies project, w on the nat

43、ional science a nd te chnology progress second prize. 630MWsupercritical units optimized control strategies and the 630MW development and application of on-line simulation system for supercritical units, supercritical 600MW units of turbine driven boiler feedpump set of comprehensive treatment of de

44、fects Datang technology respectively one or two athird.Meanwhile, information technology achievements, the company was named China power information technologybenchmarking enterprises. -Repair and maintenance has improved f urther. Modify the inspection standards and standards ona regularbasis,stand

45、ardizing workprocedures, checking and i nspection proje ct. Deepening theBFS+ system, and im plements maintena nce i nformation shared. Reorganizing RB logi c again, and ensure thesuccess of the RB. Innovati ng the mecha nism of maintenance management, implemented aproject manager system. Successful

46、 completion of two autonomous maintenance, reli ability improved steadily. Implementing two c-level maintenance,project themselves 48.7% and 42.3%, respectively. Accomplish two circulating pumps repair and overhaulof four Mills, maintenance teams to get exercise.Promote the workof energy saving ates

47、t, 10 energy-saving projects.Second, we should adhere to three on the economic benefits of improving, outreach.水平灰縫的砂漿飽滿度不低于 80%，砂漿飽滿度用百格網檢查。豎向灰縫直用擠漿或加漿方法，使其砂漿飽滿，嚴禁用水沖灌縫 ;(3) 磚墻的轉角處和交接處應同時砌筑。不能同進砌筑處，應砌成斜槎，斜槎長度不應小于高度的 2/3;(4) 非抗震設防及抗震設防裂度為 6 度、7 度地區(qū)，如臨時間斷處留斜槎確有困難，除轉角處外，也可以留直槎，但必須做成陽槎，并加設拉結筋，拉結筋的數量為每

48、120mm墻厚設置的鋼筋 (240mm厚墻放置拉結鋼筋 ; 間距沿墻高不得超過 500mm;埋入長度從墻的留槎處算起，每邊均不應小于 1000mm，末端應有 90 度彎鉤 );(5) 寬度小于 1m的窗間墻，應選用整磚砌筑，半磚或破損的磚，應分散使用于墻心或受力較小部位 ;(6) 不得在下列墻部位中留設腳手眼 ;1、空斗墻、半磚墻和磚柱 ;2、磚過梁上與過梁成 60 度角的三角形圍及過梁凈跨度 1/2 的高度圍 ;3、寬度小于 1m的窗間墻 ;4、梁或梁墊下及其左右各 500mm的圍 ;5、磚砌體的門窗洞口兩側200mm和轉角處 450mm的圍。(7) 每層承重墻的最上一皮磚，在梁或梁墊的下面

49、，應用丁磚砌筑 ; 隔與填充墻的頂面下上層結構的接觸處，宜用側磚或立磚斜砌擠緊 ;(8) 設有 構造柱的抗震多層磚房，應先綁扎鋼筋，而后砌磚墻，最后澆筑砼 ; 墻與柱應沿高度方向每 500mm設鋼筋 ( 一磚墻 ) ，每邊伸入墻不應小于 1m;構造柱應與圈梁連接 ; 磚應砌成馬牙槎，每一馬牙槎沿高度方向的尺寸不超過300mm，馬牙槎從每層柱腳開始，應先退后進。該層構造柱砭澆筑完之后，才能進行上一層的施工。(9) 磚墻每天砌筑高度以不超過 1.8m 為宜，雨天施工時，每天砌筑時，每天砌筑高度不宜超過 1.2m;三、砌磚工程的施工方法磚砌體的砌筑方法有 三一 砌磚法，擠漿法、刮漿法和滿口灰法四種。

50、其中 三一 砌磚法和擠漿法最常用 ; 三一 砌磚法 : 即是一塊磚，一鏟灰，一揉壓并隨手將擠出的砌漿刮去的砌筑方法。用尺檢查垂直度，用 2m靠尺和契形塞尺檢查平整度，怎樣檢查就是很簡單的事情 !.Delegates, staff: Hello! in the run-up to the Spri ng Festival, weheldonesessionof four staff representatives Conference 2013-workshop, fullback i n 2012, careful analysis of the currWh.ent situation, d

51、iscuss 2013 development plans.Here, on behalf of my comnjury apany 2013 work reports to theGe neral Assembly, forconsi deration.Pillar I, 2012 back in 2012,XX power companies adhere to the partys 17 great spirit for guintain stadance,comprehe nsively implement thescie ntific conceptof development, p

52、romoting cost-leadershipstrategy, standards, focuson implementation, lean management, continuously improve, smooth prese nt safety situationof enterprise management, business management andcontrol scientific andstandardized, and the dedication of staff, manage a harmonious and democratic atmosphere of the good situation. Maimillion kWh,an i ncrease of 757 million kWh.Sales totaled 7.425billion kWh, exc