unit2 the olympic games-Learning about language

1、 Unit 2 The Olympic GamesLearning about language1 _ to take part in a sports event2 _ to allow to enter (a course or sports competition ) 3 _ someone who takes part in a sports competition4 _ level of abilitycompeteadmitathletestandard1 Find the word or expression.Discovering useful words and expres

2、sions5 _ happening every time with the same amount of time in between6 _ to take the place of 7 _ short sentence or phrase expressing the beliefs of a person or group regular basisreplacemotto8 _ duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong9 _ special hall for physical exercise10 _ to

3、join inresponsibilitygymnasiumtake part in2 Choose the word or phrase that means almost the same as the word in italics.1 She rose to her feet in one swift movement. A. short B. quick C. immediate D. hurryB2. Nowadays all countries can take part in if their athletes reach the standard. A. Today B. T

4、hese days C. In the future D. TomorrowB3. My son went to see the new stadiums before the Olympic Games began. A. concert halls B. sports halls C. reception buildings D. athletes villageB4. Li Yan wanted to take part in the Olympic Games as a volunteer. A. someone who offers help B. someone who offer

5、s to pay C. Someone who helps without pay D. someone who works part-timeC5. What do the five rings on the Olympics flag stand for? A. support B. mean C. introduce D. look likeBHelena was a great _ in the 5000-metre running race. She had won many prizes and wanted to _ in the Olympic Games. So she pr

6、actised hard every day in order to be _ as a competitor. athletecompete admitted 3 Complete the passage.standard athlete admit compete responsibility olive wreath homelandIt didnt take her long to reach the_ for entering the Olympic Games. This made Helena eager to win a gold medal for herself and h

7、er _. Unfortunately during the final, she was in front in her race when homelandstandardanother competitor pushed her on purpose so that she fell down. Poor Helena lost her chance of a medal but the other woman had to take _ for breaking the rules. The judges felt sorry for Helena and gave her a spe

8、cial prize of an _ instead.responsibilityolive wreathAnswers for Ex. 2 on Page 13: Rules for the Olympic Games Nobody _ (allow) to enter the stadium without a ticket.2. Children _ (not allow) to make a noise and upset the competitors. If they do, they will _ (take away) from the stadium. will be all

9、owedwill not be allowedbe taken away3. No animals _ (allow) in the stadium. 4. Cheating by athletes will not be _ (excuse). They _ (tell ) to leave.5. No smoking will be _ (allow). If you are discovered, you _ (ask) to pay ten dollars.will be allowedwill be toldallowedwill be asked excusedGrammarPas

10、sive VoiceThe Great Wall _ by Chinese people.was builtEnglish _ by the most people in the world.is spoken飄飄The book _ by Margaret Mitchell. Gone with the windwas writtenThe umbrella _ for keeping off the rain.is usedThe light _ by Thomas Edison .was inventedThe Olympic Games in 2012:The 2012 Olympic

11、 Games _in London.will be held被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本用法當(dāng)句子的當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者時(shí)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)的形式是形式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者承受者時(shí)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)要用謂語(yǔ)要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞由助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成, 時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)be表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)： 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (the Active Voice) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(the Passive Voice)A. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)

12、作的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者。B. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.We speak English.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)English is spoken by us.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)They cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。昨天我們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。昨天教室被我們打掃了。何時(shí)使用被

13、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢？ 一、行為主體不明確一、行為主體不明確, 不必說(shuō)出或者無(wú)法不必說(shuō)出或者無(wú)法說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如：說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作的二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如：執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如： My bike was stolen我的自行車被盜了。我的自行車被盜了。 三、漢語(yǔ)中含有三、漢語(yǔ)中含有“據(jù)說(shuō)據(jù)說(shuō)”、“據(jù)悉據(jù)悉”、“有人說(shuō)有人說(shuō)”、“大家說(shuō)大家說(shuō)”等時(shí)。如：等時(shí)。如： It is said that one day he climbed to the

14、 top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.眾所周知眾所周知 It is well known that 據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō)據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō) It is supposed that 四、漢語(yǔ)中含有四、漢語(yǔ)中含有“被被”、“由由”等詞時(shí)。如：等詞時(shí)。如： Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被是被Paul叫來(lái)的。叫來(lái)的。五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：五、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： He was born in October, 1989 The Structure is助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞be+及

15、物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 (be+V.P.P) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成構(gòu)成, 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)有人稱、數(shù)的變化的變化,其變化規(guī)則與其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)一樣。如時(shí)一樣。如: The desk is made of wood.The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.1.1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

16、：1)一般情況在動(dòng)詞原形后加一般情況在動(dòng)詞原形后加-edwatch-watched2)以不發(fā)音以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的加結(jié)尾的加-dpractice-practiced3)以輔音加以輔音加y結(jié)尾的結(jié)尾的, 去去y變變i加加-edstudy-studied4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾, 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母, 先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母, 再加再加-edstop-stopped2.2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone典型題例典型題例例例1 將下列句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。將下列

17、句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.在改寫(xiě)中應(yīng)注意：在改寫(xiě)中應(yīng)注意：1. 把把原來(lái)原來(lái)的的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)提到前面作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)提到前面作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 的的主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ);2. 把動(dòng)詞變成把動(dòng)詞變成“be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞”;3. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~變?yōu)榻樵~by的的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)。主變被解題步驟主變被解題步驟:1. 找賓語(yǔ)找賓語(yǔ) -即動(dòng)作的承受者即動(dòng)作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判斷賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)判斷

18、賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) -即即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).arewere3. 判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4. 修改謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)修改謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài) -即原句動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞即原句動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞 made5. 修改原句的主語(yǔ)修改原句的主語(yǔ) -即即by+ 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ). by them.Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom. Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom. He broke the windows. The windows were bro

19、ken by him. 1.They make shoes in that factory.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：S(主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ))+am/is /are(not) +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.The motorbike is ridden to his factory (by him) every day.We call the snowman Mr. Strong.The snowman i

20、s called Mr. Strong (by us).A computer is used in our class every day. computer, use, class2. They bought ten computers last year Ten computers were bought (by them) last year.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)：S+was/were(not) +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits (by him) y

21、esterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend (by him) yesterday. bank, rob yesterdayman-made satellite, send up, space, last yearA man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.The bank was robbed yesterday.3. Amy can take good care of the catThe cat can be taken good care of by Amy.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)

22、動(dòng)詞：S+ can/may/must/should(not) + be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞She can carry the basket easily.The basket can be easily carried by her.They can sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .“They must be put in the fridge (by us).”The dogs thought

23、.4.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)：S+ will+ (not) be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞They will have a show tomorrow.A show will be had (by them) tomorrow.send to, hospital, right now a talk, give , soonThey will be sent to the hospital right now.A talk will b

24、e given soon._ this house_(sell) by the King?The little girl is so prettythat she _(admire) by all people when she grows up.Willbe soldwill be admiredThe streets _(light) by electricity. I _(not invite) to tomorrows wedding. will be litwill/ shall not be invitedwill not be done 否定結(jié)構(gòu)否定結(jié)構(gòu)Dogs will not

25、 be allowed to enter your classroom. allowsmokingstadiumallowSmoking will not be allowed in the stadium.Rewrite the letter in future Passive Voicewill ( not) be doneThe Olympic Game will be held in London.Many things _(do) for theGame. 30 billion yuan _on the projects. An Olympic Village_ for the at

26、hletes and some hotels _ for the visitors to stay in. The roads _ _(make) wider and better and trees and flowers _along the roads. The new Stadiums will be completed (complete) before Many volunteers _ (train) for the game. will be donewill be spentwill be builtwill be builtwill be madewill be plant

27、edwill be trainedMany policemen _(send) keep order. During the 2012 Olympic Game, the best athletes _(choose) to compete and they _(encourage) to do their best.will be sentwill be chosenwill be encouraged用所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)填空。用所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)填空。1. It is clear that Beijing Olympic Games _ (hold) on August 8-2

28、4, 2008. 2. While many people turn to computer for news and movies, it doesnt mean that the TV set _ (replace) in the near future. will be heldwill be replaced3. Many chances _ (lose) if you dont work hard.4. You _ (fine) by the police if you keep driving so fast.5. The question is going to _ (discu

29、ss) by us.6. The little girl is so pretty that she _ (admire) by all the people.will be lostwill be finedbe discussedwill be admired 7. Dont worry about that. It _ (finish) next week.8. She _ (meet) by her friends as soon as she arrives.9. I hear that more than one million dollars _ (spend) on the project next