完形填空解題攻略z

1、完形填空解題攻略高考完形填空不僅考查考生是否熟悉課標所規(guī)定的詞匯、語法結構、常見的詞與詞之間完形填空主要測試考生以 需要考生在充分理解上下上下文語義理解題在完形的搭配，還考查考生的分析判斷能力、邏輯推理能力。綜合而言， 下五個方面的能力。（一）上下文語義理解完形填空首先從語篇的角度綜合測試考生對文章的理解能力， 文的基礎上填入一個符合上下文語境的詞，從而使文章意思完整。填空題中比重最大。 考生在做完形填空題時， 切忌只見樹木，不見森林，拋開語篇孤立地看 句子的做題方法是絕對不可取的。典例（2013 新課標全國卷 n ）Michael Greenberg is a very popular Ne

2、w Yorker. He is notfamous in sports or the arts. But people in the streets 16 him, especially those who are17 .16.A.know aboutB.lear n fromC.cheer forD.look after17.A.oldB.busyC.ki ndD.poor（二二）語法結構及邏輯關系語法結構分析題在每年的完形填空中所占的比重較小，主要集中于考查定語從句、 狀語從句、倒裝句、比較句或并列平行結構等語法項目，選項常設置為這些語法結構的結構連詞。邏輯關系一般包括并列、遞進、因果、轉

3、折、讓步、時間、順序及舉例等。典例（2013 浙江高考）The most valuable less on I gained from study ing in France was n't just to respect the French people _39_ to respect all people, for your next best friend could be just a con ti nent away.39. A.andB . butC. orD . so（三）習慣搭配及固定結構雖然考查詞語的固定搭配在完形填空題中所占比重較小，但也是考查重點之一，主要包括動

4、詞短語、名詞短語、形容詞短語、介詞短語等習慣性搭配及英語中一些常用的固定句式。典例（2013 江西高考）"Dangerous?” she had said.“ You just dorriewlanh ave43 . rm going and if you try to stop me, I'll scream.”43. A.timeB . moneyC. foodD . fun（四）詞義辨析英語中有很多近義或形近的易混詞語，有些詞語在意義上十分相近，但在用法上卻存在細微區(qū)別；有的詞語詞形上十分相近，詞義卻大相徑庭；動詞搭配不同的介詞或副詞，意義差別很大。完形填空題中常會涉及

5、這些近義、形近詞（短語）的辨析與辨認，這就要求考生不但要能夠充分理解上下文，還要掌握這些近義或形近詞（短語），尤其需要牢記一些常用動詞和介詞短語。典例（2013 天津高考）He always puts our happ in ess _32_before_ his own, and n ever fails to cheer me on at my sports games _33- his exhausti on after long days. His lovi ng and selfless n ature has in spired me to become more sympathe

6、tic and _34_ , putti ng others first.33 .A.i n spite ofB.in terms ofC .in con trol ofD .in place of34 .A.carefulB.regretfulC .con siderateD .humorous（五）生活常識及文化背景完形填空往往以自身的內(nèi)容提供完整的語篇信息，其間滲透著各類相關的文化背景知識和生活常識，考查考生靈活運用該方面知識的能力。解決這類題目，考生不僅要有廣博的知識、豐富的生活經(jīng)歷，還要能夠駕馭全文，弄清文章的深層意義。當對語言的把握不很準確時，可充分利用社會文化知識和生活常識來幫助

7、判斷。典例（2013 新課標全國卷 n ）ln winter, Mr. Greenberg does not 20_act like other New Yorkers, who look at the sidewalk and _2_1_ the street.21. A.cross overB . drive alongC. hurry downD . keep off完形填空注重在語境中考查詞義。幾乎所有的備選項都要通過聯(lián)系上文或下文而確定。因此答案有的由一個句子決定，有的由相鄰不遠的一組句子（段內(nèi)）決定，還有的由整個語篇內(nèi)容（跨段）綜合決定。因此，依據(jù)完形填空設題的信息來源，可將完形填

8、空題分為句內(nèi)層次 題、段內(nèi)層次題和跨段層次題。明確了解題信息源，就鎖定了思考范圍，有利于考場快速準確答題。（一）句內(nèi)層次題句內(nèi)層次類題目是指通過閱讀空格所處的那一句話即可找出答案的題目。命題角度通常有上下文語義理解、詞義辨析、生活常識和文化背景、習慣搭配及固定結構、語法結構及邏 輯關系等五種。典例 1（2013 安徽高考）If you want to learn a new Ianguage, the very first thing to thinkabout is why.Do you n eed it for a _36_ reas on, such as your job or you

9、r studies?36. A.technicalB . politicalC. practicalD . physical典例 2（2013 浙江模擬）I saw their bodies, but I could n't feel their souls _23_ their soulsbel on ged to the Net.23. A.becauseB . whenC. un tilD . uni ess（二）段內(nèi)層次題段內(nèi)層次類題目是指通過閱讀空格所處的那一句話不能找出正確答案，需要結合題目所在句子以外的句子（段內(nèi)）才可找出答案的題目。命題角度通常有上下文語義理解、詞義辨析

10、 和邏輯關系三種。典例 1（2013 湖北高考）Zigfried, a little mouse, blew his breath on the frosty window ofthe farmhouse and rubbed it to see the outside.Still nobody came.Maybe today, he thought _31.It was only a few days before Christmas and he was watching for a miracle （ 奇跡）.31. A.carefullyB . excitedlyC . hopefu

11、llyD . proudly典例 2（2013 湖北高考）The house came 45_alive the next few days.Zigfried46_enjoyed every single hour of them. 47 , the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a 48_satisfied smile at the door of his home, he heard the 49_discussionof the childre n of the family about what

12、 they might get for Christmas.What? Acat? The _50_smile_ froze on his face; his mouth fell wide open.After a long while, he at last found his voice :" Hey! Whose Christmas miracle is this ?”47 . A.HoweverB . In steadC . MoreoverD . Therefore（三）跨段層次題跨段層次類題目是指通過閱讀題目所在的段落不能夠確定答案，需要結合其他段落才能找到正確答案的題

13、目。這類題目的答案信息源可能在前面的段落內(nèi)，也可能在后面的段落內(nèi)。命題角度通常有上下文語義理解和邏輯關系兩種。典例 1（2013湖南高考）When I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away fromhome.With my suitcase _36 packed and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom,"I'm leavi ng.”"If you want to _37, that's all rig

14、ht , ” she said. “ But you came in tost Ihiome withoutanything and you can leave the same way.”The door inched open and Mom's smiling face appeared. " Did you change your 47 decisionabout running away ?” she asked.37. A.drop outB . go byC. move aroundD . run away典例2（2010安徽高考）First of all, a

15、 pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be _40_easy to use.Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 allow the ink to flow evenly （均勻的） while that pen rema ins in touch with the paper._52_,the pen should make a thick, dark line .52. A.Mea nwhileB . Gen erallyC. AfterwardsD . Finally解答完形填空題的關

16、鍵在于能否準確理解上下文中的“照應”關系，迅速排除干擾選項，而要想做到這一點， 掌握一定的技巧和方法是十分必要的。下面我們將介紹七招解題技巧，為考生提供應試 “利器”。（一）代入法如果不能很有把握地直接選出某一道題的答案，可以先將各選項代入空白處，排除明顯不符合題意的選項，從而縮小選擇的范圍。具體來講，可以利用如下線索：1. 將各選項代入空白處將句子譯成漢語，排除使句子明顯不通順的選項；2. 尋找與空白處構成搭配的詞語，從而排除不能與其搭配的選項；3. 根據(jù)上下文的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣排除不符合要求的選項。典例（2013 北京高考 兒eaping on a narrow balanee beam

17、（平衡木）is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it.To perfect her skills, Lola _36_ for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state champi on ships in March, she fini shed seve nth out of 16 girls.36. A.runsB . teachesC. trainsD . dances（二）習慣搭配及固定結構照應法照應法指的是根據(jù)空格前或者空格后出

18、現(xiàn)的暗示線索選擇答案的解題方法。英語語言中的很多詞匯均以短語搭配的形式出現(xiàn)，完形填空題中的詞匯也不例外。很多時候，在分析語境、理清空白處含義的基礎上，利用對短語搭配的分析可以快速、準確地推斷完形填空的未知信息。完形填空中也經(jīng)常會測試一些固定結構、固定句式，這時考生就需要用到結構照應法來解題。典例 1（2013 北京高考）To be a top-level gymnast, one must be brave. The beam isprobably the most _46_fearful for anyone because it's four inches wide. At the

19、 state competiti on, Lola did n't fall _47_ the beam .In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10 her highest score yet.47. A.toB . onC . offD . agai nst典例 2（2013 安徽高考）Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes _52_ you're muchless likely to make them again.52. A.ifB. andC. butD. before（三）原詞復現(xiàn)照應法短文中為了表

20、達的需要，經(jīng)常用到“原詞復現(xiàn)（包括其派生詞）”，即主題詞或其他重要詞匯一般會在短文中反復出現(xiàn)，考生需要捕捉此信息點。典例（2013 四川高考）Even though I was used to regular insults （侮辱）because of the _11_ on my head, it was _12 still horrible to hear.“ But she'll be17 left with scars on her head, and of course her hair won't grow there.As a child, I cared mu

21、ch about my scars, so I _18_usually wore a scarf to cover them up whe n I left home.11. A.hatB. scarfC. scarsD . cuts（四）反義詞照應法反義詞的功能是在兩個詞之間可以形成一種意義有區(qū)別的對比關系，因而也能促使語篇的銜接，達到語義貫通的目的。反義詞，包括絕對反義詞、關系反義詞和互補反義詞，都可 能通過雙方或多方的復現(xiàn)使語篇連貫。典例（2013 新課標全國卷 n ）It runs in the 33 family . Michael's father always helpe

22、d the poor as he believed it made every one happier. Michael Gree nberg feels the _34_same_. A pair of gloves may be a _35_ thing, but it can make a big differe nee in win ter.35. A.smallB . usefulD . comfort ingC . delightful（五）同義或近義詞復現(xiàn)照應法同義詞或近義詞在語篇中復現(xiàn)能幫助語篇達到句子相互銜接和語義連貫。嚴格地說，完全同義詞非常少，所以在語篇中使用完全同義詞的也非常少，而近義詞的使用卻比比皆是。因此，考生可以根據(jù)同義或近義詞的復現(xiàn)來解題。典例（2013 湖南高考）“ Wait a mi nute , ” Mom said. “I want your clothes_ back. You did n't wear anything whe n you arrived. This really an gered me. I tore my clothes off “ Yes, ” Mom answered,語篇銜接與連貫中的邏 邏輯紐帶主要是由表示