高中英語：Unit5-Animals-grammar素材(上海新世紀版S2A)

1、1111Unit5 Animals-grammar素材動詞不定式的時態(tài)、語態(tài)形式如下（注意否定時not的位置）： 一般式 （not） to do （not）to be done完成式 （not）to have done （not）to have been done進行式 （not） to be doing完成進行式 （not） to have been doing1) 時態(tài) （1） 一般現(xiàn)在時：不定式一般現(xiàn)在時表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. We hop

2、e to build up a modern laboratory before long. （2） 完成時：不定式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。 I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long （注意區(qū)別：I am sorry to keep you waiting. Dont leave ,please.）He seems to have caught a cold. They are known to have come to a de

3、cision on the matter. It was a great satisfaction to have visited our native village. 注意特例：You should(ought to） have switched off the light when you left the classroom. 你離開教室的時候應該把燈關掉。（實際上沒有關燈,是虛擬語氣） Ex(Choice): Some people were reported _ flying saucers that same evening. a. to b. to have seen c. t

4、o have been seen d. having seen The elephants ought _ hours ago by the keepers. a. to be fed b. to feed c. to being fed d. to have been fed （3） 進行時： 不定式表示的動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。 He seems to be eating something. The water seems to be boiling. She was found to be teaching the pupils to make model plan

5、es. The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in. （4） 完成進行時：不定式表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前開始發(fā)生，并延續(xù)到那個時候，可能仍在進行。 She is known to have been working on the problem for many yearsShe seems to have been writing a scientific treatise. 2）語態(tài) (1)主動式：表示主動的意義。如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語（即： 動詞不定式所表示的動作的發(fā)出者）和不定式所表示的動作

6、是主動關系，不定式一般要用主動語態(tài)形式。如：It's a great honour (for somebody)to invite him to Mary's birthday party.（somebody和不定式所表示的動作是主動關系）（不定式作主語） It was impossible for him to make up lost time.（him和不定式所表示的動作是主動關系）（不定式作主語） I wish to to send you to work in the country.（I和不定式所表示的動作是主動關系）（不定式作賓語） He went to the

7、hospital to examine the students.（He和不定式所表示的動作是主動關系）（不定式作狀語） (2)被動式：表示被動的意義。如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語（即：動詞不定式所表示的動作的發(fā)出者）是不定式所表示的動作的承受者，即和不定式所表示的動作是被動關系，不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)形式。如： It's a great honour (for somebody)to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（somebody是不定式所表示的動作的承受者，是被動關系）（不定式作主語） It was impossible for lo

8、st time to be made up.（lost time是不定式所表示的動作的承受者, 是被動關系（不定式作主語） I wish to be sent to work in the country.（I是不定式所表示的動作的承受者，是被動關系）（不定式作賓語） Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired ?（the car是不定式所表示的動作的承受者，是被動關系）（不定式作定語） He went to the hospital to be examined.（He是不定式所表示的動作的承受者，是被動關系）（不定式作狀語） The shoes seem to have been repaired. （The shoes是不定式所表示的動作的承受者，是被動關系。注意本句的時態(tài)）（不定式作賓語） 注意特例：在There be結(jié)構中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動，也可用主動。如：There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of