高中英語(yǔ)：Unit5-Animals-grammar素材(上海新世紀(jì)版S2A)

1、1111Unit5 Animals-grammar素材動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下（注意否定時(shí)not的位置）： 一般式 （not） to do （not）to be done完成式 （not）to have done （not）to have been done進(jìn)行式 （not） to be doing完成進(jìn)行式 （not） to have been doing1) 時(shí)態(tài) （1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：不定式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. We hop

2、e to build up a modern laboratory before long. （2） 完成時(shí)：不定式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。 I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long （注意區(qū)別：I am sorry to keep you waiting. Dont leave ,please.）He seems to have caught a cold. They are known to have come to a de

3、cision on the matter. It was a great satisfaction to have visited our native village. 注意特例：You should(ought to） have switched off the light when you left the classroom. 你離開(kāi)教室的時(shí)候應(yīng)該把燈關(guān)掉。（實(shí)際上沒(méi)有關(guān)燈,是虛擬語(yǔ)氣） Ex(Choice): Some people were reported _ flying saucers that same evening. a. to b. to have seen c. t

4、o have been seen d. having seen The elephants ought _ hours ago by the keepers. a. to be fed b. to feed c. to being fed d. to have been fed （3） 進(jìn)行時(shí)： 不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 He seems to be eating something. The water seems to be boiling. She was found to be teaching the pupils to make model plan

5、es. The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in. （4） 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：不定式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前開(kāi)始發(fā)生，并延續(xù)到那個(gè)時(shí)候，可能仍在進(jìn)行。 She is known to have been working on the problem for many yearsShe seems to have been writing a scientific treatise. 2）語(yǔ)態(tài) (1)主動(dòng)式：表示主動(dòng)的意義。如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)（即： 動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者）和不定式所表示的動(dòng)作

6、是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，不定式一般要用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如：It's a great honour (for somebody)to invite him to Mary's birthday party.（somebody和不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）（不定式作主語(yǔ)） It was impossible for him to make up lost time.（him和不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）（不定式作主語(yǔ)） I wish to to send you to work in the country.（I和不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）（不定式作賓語(yǔ)） He went to the

7、hospital to examine the students.（He和不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）（不定式作狀語(yǔ)） (2)被動(dòng)式：表示被動(dòng)的意義。如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)（即：動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者）是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，即和不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如： It's a great honour (for somebody)to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（somebody是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系）（不定式作主語(yǔ)） It was impossible for lo

8、st time to be made up.（lost time是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者, 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系（不定式作主語(yǔ)） I wish to be sent to work in the country.（I是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系）（不定式作賓語(yǔ)） Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired ?（the car是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系）（不定式作定語(yǔ)） He went to the hospital to be examined.（He是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系）（不定式作狀語(yǔ)） The shoes seem to have been repaired. （The shoes是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。注意本句的時(shí)態(tài)）（不定式作賓語(yǔ)） 注意特例：在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of