七年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)語法總結(jié)

1、七年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)語法總結(jié)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. 構(gòu)成：主語+動(dòng)詞+其他 2. 標(biāo)志詞：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等頻率副詞。3. 否定句：1)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是 be, can, may, must, should等在其后加not e.g. I cant play football. 2)當(dāng)是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)加助動(dòng)詞dont/doesnt后跟動(dòng)詞原形 e.g. I dont like football. She doesnt like football. 4. 疑問句：1)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是 be, can, may, must, should等將其提前 e.g.

2、Can you swim? 2)當(dāng)是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)將助動(dòng)詞do/does 放在前面，后跟主語和動(dòng)詞原形。 e.g. Does she like football? 5. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句 e.g When does she usually get up in the morning? 二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1. 構(gòu)成：主語+be+doing+其他 2. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing變化規(guī)律： 1）一般情況下直接加-ing, eg. Working 2）以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的去e加-ing, eg. Taking 3）以輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫末尾輔音字母加-ing, eg. S

3、topping4）特殊變化, lielying 3. 標(biāo)志詞：look, listen, now, at the moment, itsoclock4. 否定句：be動(dòng)詞后加not e.g. She is not listening to music.5. 疑問句：將be動(dòng)詞提前 e.g . Is she listening to music? 6. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句 e.g What is she doing now? 三、將來時(shí) 1. 構(gòu)成：主語+be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 主語will動(dòng)詞原形 2. 標(biāo)志詞：tomorrow, next day/month/yea

4、r等表示將來的時(shí)間3. 否定句：be動(dòng)詞后加not；will后加not e.g. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend. He will not have a piano lesson this weekend.4. 疑問句：將be動(dòng)詞提前；將will提前 e.g. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? 5. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句 What are you

5、 going to do tomorrow?What will you do tomorrow? 四、過去時(shí) 1. 構(gòu)成：主語+動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)+其他 2. 標(biāo)志詞：yesterday, just now, ago, this morning, when I was young,last等 3. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)律： 1）一般動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾加-ed, e.g. Walkwalked2）以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加- d, e.g. Live-lived 3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i加-ed, e.g. Hurryhurried 4）以輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)，雙寫末尾輔音字母加-ed,

6、 eg. Stop stopped 特殊變化詳見課本P172 4. 否定句：1）動(dòng)詞be過去式后直接加not e.g. I was not in Chengdu last year. 2) 當(dāng)是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，加助動(dòng)詞didnt后跟動(dòng)詞原形e.g. I didnt telephone my parents yesterday.5. 疑問句：1) 動(dòng)詞be過去式提前 e.g. Were you in Chengdu last year? 2) 當(dāng)是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)將助動(dòng)詞did 放在前面，后跟主語和動(dòng)詞原形 e.g. Did you telephone my parents yesterday? 6. 特

7、殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句 e.g What did you do yesterday? 五、形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)，最高級(jí) 1. 形容詞 （1）在句子中做定語，一般放在名詞之前。但是當(dāng)形容詞修飾something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody時(shí)，要放于其后。 e.g. I have an interesting book. There is nothing serious. (2) 作表語，放在系動(dòng)詞之后。 e.g. This kind of dress is expensive. (3) 以a-開頭的形容詞，一般在句子中只能作

8、表語。 e.g. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in the room.(4) 作賓語補(bǔ)足語，放在賓語之后。 e.g. The good news makes us very happy. 2. 副詞 副詞在句子中主要做狀語，可以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般放在行為動(dòng)詞之后；修飾形容詞時(shí)，一般放在形容詞之前；表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的副詞一般放在句末或句首；頻度副詞一般放在行為動(dòng)詞之前。 e.g. I cant hear you clearly. 3. 比較級(jí)用法 （1）可以單獨(dú)使用 eg. I hope to do better in English. （2）

9、和than一起用 eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin Tao. （3）其他幾種用法 a. 兩者比較，哪一個(gè)更怎么樣？ Who/Which + be+比較級(jí)， A or B? e.g. Who did better, Lucy or Lily?b. 用比較級(jí)形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)意義 比較級(jí)+than any other+n.+比較級(jí)范圍（in/of） =比較級(jí)+than any of the others+ in/of =比較級(jí)+than the other+n.+in/of(在同一范圍內(nèi)比較) 比較級(jí)+than any + n.+ in/of(在兩個(gè)不同范圍內(nèi)比較)

10、 e.g. Kate is more careful than any other girl in our class Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province. c. 越來越怎么樣？比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí) e.g. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. d. 有范圍的兩者之間的比較用the+形容詞比較級(jí)+of the two eg. My mother is the busier of the two. e. 用來修飾比較級(jí)的副詞有：much/ far/ lots/ a

11、 lot; a litter; even;still等 4. 最高級(jí)用法 用來對(duì)三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物進(jìn)行比較，形容詞的最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞the,副詞前的the可以省略。 a. 最高級(jí)+范圍 eg. Changjian is the longest river in China. b. 主語+be+one of the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+比較級(jí)范圍（of/in短語），表示最的之一。 eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous heroes in China. c. 主語+be+the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+單數(shù)名詞+比較范圍，表示是的第幾。 eg

12、. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 八年級(jí)上冊(cè)語法復(fù)習(xí)一、 行為動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí) 1、過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則 （1）一般情況下在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加-ed. 如：wantwanted （2）以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e再加-ed. 如：hopehoped （3）重讀閉音節(jié)單詞需雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed. 如：stopstopped （4）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞改y為i，再加-ed. 如：studystudied 注意：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化，要逐一熟記。 2、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過去式的句式。 肯定式：主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其它。 如：

13、They had a good time yesterday. 否定式：主語+did not（didnt）+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。 如：They didnt watch TV last night. 一般疑問句：Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？ 肯定回答：Yes，主語+did. 否定回答：No，主語+didnt. 如：Did they have a meeting two days ago？ Yes，they did. / No，they didnt. 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它？ 如：What time did you finish your homework？ 3一般過去

14、時(shí)的用法： a.主要用于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 My father worked in Shanghai last year. b.表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與often，always等 表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。 I often went to school on foot. c.與when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用。 When he got home，he had a short rest. 4一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語： a moment ago（剛才），yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday（前天），j

15、ust now（剛才），in 2006, three days ago等 對(duì)應(yīng)練習(xí)： 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空 1. I _ ( go) to school yesterday. 2. She_ ( play ) football last week. 3. Look! Jack _ ( sing ) now. 4.You_(read)the new paper the day before yesterday. 5. I _ ( see ) Jack in the zoo last weekend. 6. I _ (do) my homework last night 7.She _(ope

16、n)the mailbox the day after tomorrow. 8. I _ ( help ) the little baby drink the milk the next morning. 9. The farmers _ (work) on the farm next week. 10. My parents_ ( watch) TV last Monday. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. I went to the party last Friday. （改為一般疑問句） _ you _ to the party last Friday? 2. I had a nice time las

17、t Sunday. （改為一般疑問句） _ you _ nice time last Sunday? 3. We went to London two years ago. （對(duì)劃線部分提問） _ _ you_ to London? 4. He did his homework in the morning. （改為否定句） He_ _ his homework in the morning.二、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 謂語構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have / has +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 用法： （1）表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already (已經(jīng)), ever (曾經(jīng)),yet ,just (

18、剛剛),before (以前) 等詞連用。 （2）表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。 標(biāo)志詞： （1）just，never， ever， already， yet等 （2）for 一段時(shí)間；since點(diǎn)時(shí)間或引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句（一 般多為過去時(shí) （3）so far(到目前為止)；in the past/last表示一段時(shí)間的詞語 各種句式結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定式：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他 e.g I have lived here for ten years. Lucy has lived here since 2001. 否定式：主語+havent/

19、hasnt+過去分詞+其他 e.g They havent had breakfast yet. 一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他？ e.g Have you ever been to Beijing? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他？ e.g How long has he lived here? 練習(xí)： 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式： 1、see 2、hear 3、study 4、stop 5、write 6、teach 7、catch 8、go 9、play 10、live 11、make 12、forget (一)考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般用法 (

20、 )1Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening? No，I wontI_it already Asaw Bhave seen Csee Dwill see ( )2.Gone with the Wind is a wellknown novelShe_ it twice Aread Bis reading Creads Dhas read ( )3How long_ you_ here? For about two years so far A. have; studied B. did; live C. do;

21、 stay D. have changed （二）考查非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與一段時(shí)間連用的表達(dá)方式 ( )1OhMrsking, your dress looks nice Is it new? No，I_ it since two years ago. Ahad Bhave had Cbought Dhave bought ( )2Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend He_it for a week Ahas borrowed B.has lent C.has kept Dlend ( )3.The students are sorry to h

22、ear that the famous singer_for half an hour Ahas left Bhas gone C. has been away D. has gone away (三)考查havehas been to，havehas gone to與havehas been in的區(qū)別 ( )1Wheres your father? He_ ShanghaiHell be back next week Ahas gone to Bhas been to Chave gone to Dhave been to( )2Where is David? He_to England

23、on business Ais going Bhas gone Chas been Dgoes ( )3._ you ever_ to the United States? -Yes, twice AHave; gone BHave; been CDo；go DWere; going (四)考查for與since接時(shí)間狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別 ( )1What a nice dog! How long have you had it? -_two years AFor BSince C. In ( )2Miss Gao has taught in this school_ 1993 A. for Bat

24、Cin Dsince (五)考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別( )1-He has already gone to England -When_ he_ there? Awill; go Bis; going Cdid; go Dhas; gone ( )2Have you read this book?yes, I_it two weeks ago. Aam reading Bhave read Cwill read Dread(六)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在特定語境下的使用 ( )1Helen，I told you to do your home-work as carefully as you can

25、? Yes，but Ifewer mistakes than I usually do Awas making Bhave made Cwill make Dhad made ( )2Has the match started? Started? Finished！Guo Yue_ Ais winning Bwins Cwill win Dhas won ( )3. Xiao Wang_ English for thirteen years. So he can speak quite good English. A. had learned B. has learned C. will be

26、 learning D. learns ( )4. The film_for half an hour. A. has begun B. has been begun C. has been on D. began ( )5. You dont have to describe her. I_her several times. A. had met B. have met C. meet D. met ( )6. Miss Yang is not at home. She_to the school library. A. went B. has been C. goes D. has go

27、ne ( )7. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People._? A. hasnt he B. has he C. does he D. doesnt he 三、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 謂語構(gòu)成: was/were+ 現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing 用法：表示在過去的某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 時(shí)間狀語：at this time yesterday（昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候） at that time last week（上周那個(gè)時(shí)候） at nine yesterday evening（昨晚九點(diǎn)時(shí)） from seven to ten last night（昨晚

28、從七點(diǎn)到十點(diǎn)）等， when或while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的主、從復(fù)合句。 e.g I was reading a newspaper when he came in 他進(jìn)來時(shí)，我正在看報(bào)。 While I was walking home, I met Mr Green. 我步行回家時(shí)遇到了格林先生. My father was reading a newspaper while my mother was cooking. 媽媽做飯時(shí)爸爸在看報(bào)。 注：while 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的主、從復(fù)合句，兩個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)并用，表示動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 各種句式結(jié)構(gòu): 肯定式：主語+was/ were +v-i

29、ng +其它 e.g He was sleeping when she arrived. 她到達(dá)時(shí)他正在睡覺。 否定式：主語+ waswere not +v- ing+其它 e.g They werent planting trees at nine yesterday . 昨天早上九點(diǎn)他們不在植樹。 一般疑問句：WasWere+主語+v-ing +其它? e.g Was he playing football when you rang me?你打電話給我時(shí)他正在踢足球嗎? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+waswere+主語+v -ing +其它? e.g What was Peter doing a

30、t this time last week? 上周這個(gè)時(shí)候彼特在于什么? 練習(xí)： 用was/were填空: 1、I listening to the music. 2、She playing the piano. 3、They looking at the flowers. 4、We having a picnic. 5、Lingling watching TV. 6、Two boys reading book. 7、Your uncle and auntvisiting the Great Wall. 8、Everyonehaving lunch. 9、People working on t

31、he farm. 10、Some women singing pop music. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1.You_ (have) a meeting at 9 last Monday morning 2.They_ (play)football when I passed 3.She_ (take)a walk when we had a talk 4._they _ (try)to draw horses on the blackboard when the teacher came in? 5. The students _ (1isten)to the teacher care

32、fully while he was teaching 。 四、反意疑問句語法歸納 1、概念：當(dāng)我們陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陳述句后加 一 個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問句，稱為反意疑問句。 意義：相當(dāng)于中文的“ , 對(duì)吧/是吧?” 構(gòu)成：陳述句+簡(jiǎn)短問句【助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語（代詞）】 規(guī)律：陳述句是肯定的，簡(jiǎn)短問句用否定形式；而陳述句是否定的，簡(jiǎn)短問句就用肯定形式；（前肯后否，前否后肯） 。 2、祈使句用于反意疑問句中 這種類型較特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑問形式。 句型1: Lets+動(dòng)詞原形+其它，shall we? 例：Lets go for a walk, sh

33、all we? 而 Let us go for a walk, will you? 句型2:其它形式的祈使句，will you? Come into the classroom, will you? Please be careful, will you? Dont panic（恐慌）,will you? 注意：There be句型 1There is an old picture on the wall, isnt there?2. There arent any children in the room, are there? 3.There wasnt a telephone call

34、for me, was there?4There were enough people to pick apples, werent there?5There will be a basketball match tomorrow, wont there? 值得注意的是有時(shí)英語的謂語動(dòng)詞并不用否定式（即沒加上not），而是用上了never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody等表否定意義的詞，后半部分應(yīng)用肯定疑問式。 You have never been to Beijing, have you? Mr. Fat has few friends here

35、, does he? There is little milk in the bottle, is there? He could do nothing, could he? 練習(xí)： 完成下列反意疑問句： 1. Mary listened to pop music,_ _? 2. He has never been to Shanghai_ _? 3.He has few friends at school,_ _? 4.The music sounds beautiful,_ _? 5.You cant dance to jazz,_ _? 6.They werent at the conc

36、ert,_ _? 7.Lets stop writing,_ _? 8.Dont be late,_ _? 五、動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式是初中英語的語法重點(diǎn)之一，也是每年中考英語試題的考點(diǎn)之一。它是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語。其構(gòu)成形式為to+動(dòng)詞原形，to為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，本身無意義。動(dòng)詞不定式具有兩大特點(diǎn)： 1.具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，因此，后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語。 2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等。 （一）、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語 ( ) 1. Its hard for us

37、 _English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning ( )2. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to 簡(jiǎn)析動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞前面的主語位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +形容詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)

38、It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +名詞短語(for sb)to do sth. 句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質(zhì)；句式(2)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。 （二）、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語 ( )1. He wants _ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying

39、 C. to buy D. buys ( )2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking ( )3. He found it very difficult _. A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep 簡(jiǎn)析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， decide， hate， choose， forget

40、， remember等動(dòng)詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，則可以用it作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。 （三）、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 ( )1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. A. help him B. to help him with B. C. to help with D. helps him with ( )2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.

41、 A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked 簡(jiǎn)析不定式可以用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow 等。 （四）、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語 ( )1. She went _ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing ( )2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learn

42、s 簡(jiǎn)析go， come， try， do / try ones best等動(dòng)詞或短語動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。 ( )3. Im sorry _ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ( )4. Im sorry _ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled ( )5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets 簡(jiǎn)析be +形容詞+ to do

43、 sth結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語，常表示原因或方式。 （五）、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語 ( )1. Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks ( )2. I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do ( )3. He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with 簡(jiǎn)析不定式作定語時(shí)，常放在被修飾的詞語之后，與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。 （六）、不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式 ( )1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered ( )2. So m