機床刀具設計外文翻譯

1、武漢工業(yè)學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文參考文獻譯文本2013屆譯文出處M.B.Ko.Design of automatic tool changer for CNC machines.M.Scthesis,Mechanical EngineeringDepartmet, METU, Ankara, Turkey 1995 畢業(yè)設計(論文)題目 BT40×24型斗豎式刀庫研究與設 計 院（系） 機械工程學院 專業(yè)名稱 機械設計制造及其自動化 學生姓名 xxxxxxxxx 學生學號 090309815 指導教師 劉 海 岷 譯文出處： M.B.Ko.Design of automatic to

2、ol changer for CNC machines.M.Scthesis,Mechanical EngineeringDepartmet, METU, Ankara, Turkey 1995翻譯文獻：Time between failures model and failure analysis of CNC system J.Joumal 2007，14(2)：197-201L 文獻作者：ZHANG HB，JIA Y Z，ZHOU G W英語原文：The original knife machine control procedures are designed individually

3、, not used tool management system, features a single comparison, the knife only has to fin the tool knife, knife positioning the shortest path, axis tool change, but does not support large-scale tool. Automatic knife in the knife election, in the computer memory knife-election on the basis of using

4、the Siemens 840 D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production o

5、f similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its other machine. Automatic tool change systems will be faster growth, reduced tool change time, increase the positioning accuracy tool is an important means to help NC technology development. Tool and inventory components of modern prod

6、uction is an important link in the management, especially for large workshop D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PL

7、C controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its oth management. The traditional way of account management, and low efficiency, high error rate, and not sharing information and data, tools and the use of state can not trac

8、k the life cycle, are unable to meet the current information management needs. With actual production, we have to establish a workshop tool for the three-dimensional tool storage system to meet the knife workshop with auxiliary storage and management needs. The system uses optimization technology, a

9、 large number of computer storage inventory information, timely, accurate, and comprehensive tool to reflect the inventory situation. The entire system uses a graphical interface, man-machine dialogue tips from the Chinese menu, select various functions can be realized and the importation of all kin

10、ds of information. Management system using online help function. Through the workshop management, network management and sharing of information. Have automated inventory management, warehousing management tool, a tool for the management and statistical functions.1.System components and control struc

11、tureThe entire system, including the structure and electrical machinery control systems.1.1.1Mechanical structure and working principleTool from the stent, drive, drive system, Turret, shielding, control system, and electrical components. Support from the column, beam, the upper and lower guide Cent

12、ral track, and track support component. 1) Drive for the system chosen VVVF method. Cone used brake motors, with VVVF by Cycloid reducer through sprocket drive. 2) Drag a variable frequency drive system and control technology. VVVF adopted, will speed drive shaft in the normal range adjustment to co

13、ntrol the speed rotary turret to 5 30mm in, the drive shaft into two, two under through sprocket, the two profiled rollers Chain driven rotating shelves. Expansion chain adopted by the thread tight regulation swelling, swelling the regular way. - Conditi D features, and the election procedures knife

14、 more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use

15、 its at six other Des Voeux a knife, can be categorized with some of knife auxiliary equipment, such as bits, such as turning tools.1.1.2.Electrical Control SystemThis tool storage systems is the main electrical control their shelves for operational control and position control. Operational control

16、equipment, including operation of the start of braking control. Position Control is the main location and address of the shelves for testing. 1) Electric Transmission horizontal rotary tool storage systems are the mechanical movements are repeated short-term work system. And the run-time system need

17、s some speed, speed transmission needs, the system will use VVVF method can be used simple structure, reliable operation of the motor and frequency inverter. 2) Control of the system is divided into two kinds of manual control and automatic control, manual control as a general reserve and debugging

18、methods of work; ways to the system control computer (IPC) and the control unit (inverter contactor , etc.) consisting of a control system. 3) location and positioning accuracy of the system automatically identify the site and location using a detection device tion, timely, accurate, and comprehensi

19、ve tool to reflect the inventory situation. The entire system uswith a Optimal Path addressable identify the current location and shelves of the purpose of the shelf location. In order to enable a more accurate positioning system, adopted two photoelectric switches, to detect the two shelves of the

20、two films.1.2.The functions of the knifeknife The is the role of reserves a certain number of tools, machine tool spindle in hand to achieve the fungibility a disc sc knife in the library with discoid knife, cutting tool along See how vertical arrangement (including radial and axial from knife from

21、knife), along See how radial array into acute or arranged in the form of the knife. Simple, compact, more applications, but are ring-cutter, low utilization of space. D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion pr

22、ogramming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its. If the knife cutter knife is the type of library, the chain knives, and other means, in the

23、form of the knife and capacity according to the 1.3.Common typesThe knife is a tool storage devices, the common knife mainly in the following forms: (1) the turret knife Including the first level turret vertical turret and the first two, see Figure 2.6 a) and b):(2) the disc cutter Disc knife in the

24、 library with discoid knife, cutting tool along See how vertical arrangement (including radial and axial from knife from knife), along See how radial array into acute or arranged in the form of the knife. Simple, compact, more applications, but are ring-cutter, low utilization of space. D features,

25、and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be v

26、ery beneficial, it is easy to use its. If the knife storage capacity must be increased to increase the diameter of the knife, then the moment of inertia also increased correspondingly, the election campaign long knife. Tool number not more than 32 general. Cutter was multi-loop order of the space ut

27、ilization knife, but inevitably given the knife from complex institutions, applicable to the restricted space Machine Tool storage capacity and more occasions. Two-disc structure is two smaller capacity knife on both sides of the sub-spindle place, more compact layout, the number of certificates cor

28、responding increase knife, apply to small and medium-sized processing center(3) the chain knife   Including single-and multi-ring chain ring chain, chain link can take many forms change, see the basic structure shown Features: knife apply to the larger capacity of the occasion, the space of the

29、 small number of generally applicable to the tool in the 30-120. Only increase the length of the chain tool will increase the number should not be increased circumferential speed of its moment of inertia of the knife does not increase the disc as large.(4) linear combination knife and the knife libr

30、ary The linear knife simple structur single order, the capacity of small knife, used for CNC lathe and drill press on. Because the location of fixed knife, ATC completed action by the spindle without manipulator. The cutter knife is generally the turret combination turret with a combination of the d

31、isc cutter knife and the chain combination. Every single knife the knife certificates of smaller, faster tool change. There are also some intensive drum wheel, and the lattice-type magazine for the knife, the knife-intensive though. Small footprint, but because of structural constraints, basically n

32、ot used for single processing center, the concentration used for FMS for the knife system.1.4 Tool storage capacityTool storage capacity of the first to consider the needs of processing, from the use of point of view, generally 10 to 40 knives, knife will be the utilization of the high, and the stru

33、cture is compact.1.5 Tool options (1)choose to order processing tool according to the order, followed Add to the knife every knife in the Block. Each tool change, the order of rotation of a cutter knife on location, and remove the need knives, has been used by the cutter knife can be returned to the

34、 original Block, can also order Add Block, a knife. However, as the knife in the tool in different processes can not be repeated use of the knife must increase the capacity and lower utilization rate. (2) most of the arbitrary choice of the current system of using arbitrary NC election knives, divid

35、ed into Daotao coding, coding and memory-cutter, three. Daotao coding tool code or knives or Daotao need to install the code used to identify, in accordance with the general principle of binary coding coding. Tool knife election coding method uses a special knife handle structure, and each of the co

36、ding tool. Each of the tool has its own code, thereby cutting tool can be in different processes repeatedly used, not to replace the tool back at the original knife, the knife capacity can be reduced accordingly. Memory-election this paper knife, in this way can knives and knife in the position corr

37、esponding to the Daotao memory of the PLC in the NC system, no matter which tool on the Inner knife, tool information is always there in mind, PLC . On the knife with position detection devices, will be the location of each Daotao. This tool can be removed and sent back to arbitrary. On the knife is

38、 also a mechanical origin, every election, the nearest knife selection. 2. ATC, the main types, characteristics, and the scope of application2.1 Auto Rotary ToolRotary Tool automatically on the use of CNC machine tool is a simple installation of automatic tool change, the Quartet and 47.60 Turret To

39、ol various forms, such as rotary turret were installed on four, six or more of the Tool , NC instructions by ATC. Rotary Tool has two vertical and horizontal, relatively simple structure, applicable to economic CNC lathe. Rotary Tool in the structure must have good strength and stiffness, resistance

40、 to bear rough Cutting Tool in the cutting force and reduce the role of deformation and improve processing accuracy. Rotating Tool to choose reliable positioning programme structure and reasonable position, in order to ensure that each rotary turret to a higher position after repeated positioning ac

41、curacy (typically 0.001 to 0.005mm). Figure 2.1 shows the spiral movements of the Quartet Turret. Auto Rotary Tool in the simplest of ATC, is 180 º rotary ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.2 ATC instructions received, the machine control system put ATC spindle control to the designated location

42、 at the same time, the tool movement to the appropriate location, ATC, with the rotary axis and at the sa. When the ATC command is called, the transfer-cutter knives will be removed, the machine go forward, and positioning with the ATC, in line with the position. 180 º "Rotary ATC devices

43、can be used horizontal machine, can also be used for vertical machining centers.2. 2 ATC head-turret installedWith rotating CNC machine tool often used such ATC devices, with a few turret head spindle, each with a spindle on both knives, the first tower interim process can be automatic tool change-r

44、ealization. The advantage is simple structure, tool change time is short, only about 2 s. However, due to spatial constraints, the number of spindle can not be too much, usually only apply to processes less, not to high precision machine tools, such as the NC drill, such as CNC milling machine. In r

45、ecent years there has been a mechanical hand and the turret head with a knife for the automatic tool change ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.3. It is in fact a turret head ATC, and the knife-ATC device combination. The principle is as follows: when using the tool spindle 4 processing tool, the mani

46、pulator 2 will be the next step to the need for the tool does not work on the tool spindle 3 until after the completion of this process , the first rotary turret 180 º, ATC completed. ATC most of their time and processing time coincidence, the only real tool change time turret transposition of

47、the first time, this approach mainly used for ATC and NC NC drilling file bed.2. 3.Daidao system for the automatic tool changeFigure 2.4 shows the knife and the whole machine tool CNC machine tools for the appearance of Fig.   Figure 2.5 shows the knife and split-type machine to the appearance

48、of CNC machine tool plans. At this point, knife storage capacity, a heavier tool can, and often additional transport unit to complete the knife between the spindle and cutting tool transport. Daidao the knife from the ATC, the election knives, automatic loading and unloading machine tool and tool ex

49、change institutions (manipulator), composed of four parts, used widely. Tool Automatic Tool Change When CNC tool code and the code in line with directives of the tool selected, the rotary cutter knives will be sent to the ATC position, waiting to grab manipulator. Random knife election is the advant

50、age of the cutter knife in the order has nothing to do with the processing sequence, the same tool can be used repeatedly. Therefore, the relatively small number of knives, knife the corresponding smaller. Random elections knife on the tool must be coded to identify. There are three main coding. 1.

51、Tool coding. Adopt special knife handle structure coding, the drawbars on the knife handle back-end packages such as spacing of the coding part of the lock-nut fixed. Coding diameter ring diameter of a size two, respectively, said that binary "1" and "0" to the two rings are diff

52、erent, can be a series of code. For example, there are six small diameter of the ring can be made to distinguish between 63 (26-1 = 63) of the coding tool. All of 0 normally not allowed to use the the manipulator system, the whole process more complicated ATC. We must first used in the processing of

53、 all installed in the standard tool on the knife handle in the machine outside the pre-size, according to a certain way Add to the knife. ATC, selected first in the knife knife, and then from ATC, from the knife from the knife or spindle, exchange, the new knife into the spindle, the old knife back

54、into the knife.   ATC, as thenly a spindle, spindle components to high stiffness to meet the machining requirements. The number of establishments in larger knife, which can meet the more complex parts of the machining processes, significantly improving productivity. Daidao system for the automa

55、tic tool change applied to drilling centres and CNC machining centers. The comparison drawn Daidao automatic tool change system is the most promising.Conclusion Focused on in today's manufacturing environment tool storage and management of new models and methods, practical application of good re

56、sults in systems integration and optimization.譯文 機床刀具設計課題研究意義機床原來的刀庫控制程序是單獨設計的，沒有采用刀具管理系統(tǒng)，功能也比較單一，只實現(xiàn)了刀庫刀具的找刀、刀庫最短路徑定位、主軸換刀，而且不支持大型刀具。在刀庫自動選刀方面，在計算機記憶式選刀的基礎上采用了西門子840D特色功能，使選刀程序更簡潔，并完成空刀套的查找。刀庫快速換刀利用STEP-7完成編程，并在實際中得到驗證。在刀庫定位問題上，PLC程序控制采用模塊化設計方法，這對今后生產類似機床將十分有利，很容易將其利用到其他機床上。自動換刀系統(tǒng)將以較快的速度增長，縮短換刀時間，提

57、高刀具的定位精度是重要的手段，有利于數(shù)控技術的發(fā)展。刀具及其元件庫存是現(xiàn)代生產管理中的重要環(huán)節(jié), 特別是大型車間管理。傳統(tǒng)的人工記帳管理方式, 效率低下, 錯誤率高, 且信息數(shù)據(jù)不能共享, 刀具的使用狀態(tài)和壽命周期無法跟蹤, 不能適應當前信息化管理需要。結合生產實際, 我們在車間刀具準備間建立刀具貯存立體庫系統(tǒng), 以滿足車間刀輔具儲存與管理的需要。該系統(tǒng)采用最優(yōu)化技術, 利用計算機存儲的大量庫存信息, 能及時、準確、全面地反映刀具庫的庫存情況。整個系統(tǒng)采用圖形界面, 人機對話由中文菜單提示, 可實現(xiàn)各種功能選擇和各種信息的輸入。管理系統(tǒng)采用在線幫助功能?？赏ㄟ^車間管理層、網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)信息管理和

58、共享。具有自動庫存管理、刀具入庫管理、刀具出庫管理和統(tǒng)計查詢功能。1.系統(tǒng)組成及其控制結構1.1.1 機械結構及工作原理刀具庫由支架、驅動機構、傳動系統(tǒng)、刀架、護罩、電氣控制系統(tǒng)等部分組成。支架由立柱、橫梁、上下導向環(huán)軌、支撐地軌組成。1)驅動機構該系統(tǒng)選用了變頻調速的方法。采用錐形制動電機, 帶變頻調速, 經擺線針輪減速器, 通過鏈輪傳動。2)拖動與傳動系統(tǒng)采用變頻控制技術。通過變頻調速, 可使傳動軸轉速在正常范圍內調節(jié)使刀架回轉速度控制到 5 30mm in, 2 個傳動軸各帶上、下2 個鏈輪通過上、下2 條異形滾子鏈帶動貨架轉動。鏈條脹緊機構采用螺紋調節(jié)脹緊, 為定期脹緊方式。調節(jié)時上、下鏈條松度調節(jié)一致, 使鏈條受力均勻。3)刀架與防護罩整庫共有14 列獨立刀架。其中 13 列為插座式刀架, 1 列為抽屜式刀架, 每個刀架背部通過銷軸與上、下輸送鏈鏈板聯(lián)接, 底部安裝滾輪, 鏈條轉動帶動刀架沿地軌轉動。插座式刀架分BT40 刀架和BT50 刀架 2 種形式。為加強管理, 保證安全, 美化造型, 貨架外圍加防護罩。抽屜式刀架分 6 個抽屜放置其他刀輔具, 可分類裝存一些刀輔具, 如鉆頭、車刀等。1.1.2. 電氣控制系統(tǒng)本刀具儲存系統(tǒng)的電氣控制主要是對其貨架進