定語從句關系代詞和關系副詞的選擇-

1、定語從句關系代詞和關系副詞的選擇-by 成都樹德中學蘭銀清一定語從句的概念:句中修飾限定或者補充說明名詞或者代詞的是一個句子,這個句子就是定語從句We cant ignore the difficulties that/which lie ahead.All that I want is your happiness.What is the name of the man who just came in.I like those who smile a lot.There are a lot of students here whose parents work outside.This i

2、s the school where I used work.定語從句的先行詞: 被定語從句飾限定或者補充說明名詞或者代詞引導定語從句的關系代詞:who, whom , which, that, whose,as引導定語從句的關系副詞:when, where, why,as二如何選用關系代詞?1.判成分如果定語從句需要主語或者賓語,就要選用關系代詞who, whom(作賓語,that, which.2.確定先行詞1先行詞如果指人選用who, whom(作賓語或者that,在實際運用中多使用who; 先行詞如果指物選用that或者 which,在實際運用中多使用that先行詞(n/pron+wh

3、o/whom/that1,Do you know the people_ live next door ?2,This is the man _I met on the train last week.3,It is a book_ will interest children of all ages.4,I have found the car keys _you were looking for.注意:(1、在限定性定語從句中,作賓語的關系單詞可以省略This is the man (who/that/whom I met on the train last week.(2限定性定語從句需

4、要表語,用thatI am not the man that I was ten years ago.Wenzhou is not the place that it was 20 years ago.2 Whose 引導的定語從句當定語從句需要所有格(也可以理解為定語,則需要用whose。只要定語從句需要所有格,先行詞指人,指物,指地點都要whose。先行詞(n/pron+whose6.We stopped to help some people _ car broke down.7.I live in the house _ door is red.8.You dont need to l

5、ook up every word _ meaning is not clear.9.The school shop, _customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.(高考注意:whose指物時, whose +n= the n of which/of which the n10.You dont need to look up every word _ meaning is not clear.= You dont need to look up every word the meaning of _ is not cl

6、ear.11.We are introducing a new system, _ aim is to cut costs.=We are introducing a new system of _ the aim is to cut costs.12. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.13. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were

7、affected.14.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of_ had taken more than three years.(高考15.The newly-built cafe, the walls of _are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.三如何選用關系副詞1判成分:如果定語從句不需要主語或者賓語,多半要選擇關系副詞2確定先行詞:先行詞指地點用where; 指時間

8、用when;指原因(reason,用why.在定語從句中,when/where/why = 適合介詞+which1,I will never forget the day when I first met you.=I will never forg e t the day _ _ I first met you.2, This is the school where I once worked.=This is the school _ _ I once worked.3, Do you know the reason why she doesnt like me ?= Do you kno

9、w the reason _ _which she doesnt like me ?4.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_ life has developed gradually.5. I live in a small city, _ population are mostly migrants.(本人自編題注意:1,先行詞是時間、地點或者原因,但是定語從句需要主語或者賓語,則把先行詞看成是指物,要使用關系代詞that/which試比較:1This is the school

10、_ I used to work.2This is the school _ I used to work in.3 Chengdu No. 9 Senior High School, _ is a national key school, is where I used to work.4 Chengdu No. 9 Senior High School, _ I used to work, is a national key school.5,This is the school _I visited last week.6,I will never forget the days _ w

11、e stayed together.7,I will never forget the days _ we spent together in the summer.8, The reason _ he gave me sounds good.9,The reason_ he dislikes me is that I tell exactly what I think of him.10.By 16: 30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold out.12, I would rather go

12、to visit the factory next week, _ I wont be busy. (本人自編題13Finally, he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.14 That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.15Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for

13、 two or three weeks.2. 定語從句一般緊跟先行詞,但是有時也可能被其它成分隔開。(一定要找準先行詞哦!1He is the only teacher in my office_ has been to London .2I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.小試身手:3Ellen was a painter of birds and nature, _, for some reason , had withdrawn from

14、all human society. (浙江高考4After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.(江蘇高考5Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.(全國卷6An ecosystem consists of the living and non

15、living things in an area _ interact with one another.7The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.三.注意區(qū)別限定性和非限定定語從句限定性定語從句:對先行詞起著修飾限定作用非限定定語從句:對先行詞起補充說明作用注意非限定定語從句不能用that1He married a woman _ he met on a train.He married a very ni

16、ce young engineer, _he met on a train.2Did you like the wine _we drank last night ?I poured him a glass of wine, _ he drank at once.3 The ball fell to Collins , _ shot hit the post.4 Chengdu No. 9 High School, _ I used to work , is a national key school.5 The summer of 1969, _man first set foot on t

17、he moon, will never be forgotten.6 These apple trees, _I planted three years ago, havent borne any fruit.(本人自編題7 As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.四關系代詞或者副詞的選用的進一步講解1. which 與as 的選擇1.意義上的區(qū)別as 往往翻譯為“正如”;which往往翻譯為“這一點”。Mr. Lu committed suicide, _ made the

18、whole nation sad.He passed all the examinations, _ we had expected.He is an engineer, _ his brother isnt.A s 往往有一些相對固定的形式as we had expected, as we all know, as is known to us all, as is/was reported, as is often the case, as it turned out, as we can remember etc.He was late for work this morning, as

19、 is often the case.2位置上的區(qū)別which引導的定語從句,常常位于主句之后,作為插入語位于句中,但是一般不能位于句首; as 引導的定語從句位置靈活。可以位于主句之后位,作為插入語位于句中,位于句首。She married John, _surprised us all.Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.(09山東As we know, light travels in a straight line.Light, as we know, travels in

20、a straight line.Light travels in a straight line , as we know.小試身手:1.The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. (06江蘇卷2.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or hers

21、elf, _ canbe very eye-opening and rewarding.(07湖南卷3.His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream.(07上海卷4_ is reported in the newspaper, he studied in Japan for three years.5_it turned out, he passed the exam quite easily.6 When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often

22、 was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.(12北京7The Beatles ,_ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.8 After graduating from college,I took some time off to go traveling,_ turned out to be a wise decision.9 He is an en gineer, _ his brother isnt.2. such+n +as vs such +

23、n +thatthe same+n as vs the same +n =that1 such+n +as vs such +n +that“such +n+ as”引導的是定語從句,常常翻譯為“如的”,as 在定語從句中要充當成分;“such+ n+ that ”引導的是結果狀語從句, 翻譯為“如此.以至”, 結果狀語從句是一個完整的句子, that 在句中不充當成分。Such students (as you mentioned just now should be praised.(定語從句He is such a good student that we all like him. (

24、狀語從句他是如此好的學生,以致我們都喜歡他。He is such a good student (as we all like.(定語從句他是我們大家都喜歡的好學生。so + adj. +a/an +n +as引導的定語從句和so + adj. +a/an +n+ that 引導的狀語的區(qū)別同上He is so good a student (as we all like.He is so good a student that we all like him.2 the samethat vs the sameasA: 如果定語從句需要主語或者賓語,the samethat the same

25、as 完全一樣;如果定語從句需要狀語,則只能用the same .as他今天穿的夾克和昨天的一樣。He is wearing the same jacket as/that he wore yesterday.Jack 和Mike是同一天離開的。Jack left the same day as Mike left.B: the same as 也可以接短語我有和你一樣的字典I have the same dictionary as yours.3. 定語從句中夾I know , I think, I wish, I feel, he said, he thought的情況We are goi

26、ng to meet someone _I know( that you will like.This is the woman _ Ann said would show us the church.It is the body of a man _ the police think was murdered.It is a house _we feel (that we might want to buy.This is the house _ we believe(that Mr. Li was murdered.4.介詞+which/whom to do 結構相當于一個省略的定語從句W

27、e moved to the country so that the children would have a garden in _ to play.In my opinion, Mr. Black is a nice man with _ to get on.5. that 與which 的選擇下面限定性定語從句用that, 不用which1先行詞含all, both, any(thing, some(thing, every(thing, no(thing, none ,few, little, much, the very+n,the only+n.用that而不用whichAll

28、that I want is your happiness.I hope the little that I have done has been useful.Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.2先行詞含序數(shù)詞,最高級時,用that而不用whichThis is one of the most delicious meals _ I have ever had.3先行詞既指人又指物,用that, 不用which 或者whoThey are talking about the people and things _ they can remember.4限定性定語從句需要表語,用thatWenzhou is not the place that it was 20 years ago.下面情況用which,不用that1在非限定定語中用which, 不用tha