高考英語詞義理解題解題指導(dǎo)

1、If you come across new words when reading, What will you do ?Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryChina will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scientist Wang said on Saturday.The total eclipse will last up to six minutes, and it is the longest eclipse

2、that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,” he said.Guess the meaning 高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求 要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章?？忌鷳?yīng)能：雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章?？忌鷳?yīng)能：、理解主旨要義；、理解主旨要義；、理解文中具體信息；、理解文中具體信息；、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；、根據(jù)上下文推斷生

3、詞的詞義；、作出簡單判斷和理解；、作出簡單判斷和理解；、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。抓主旨抓主旨明細(xì)節(jié)明細(xì)節(jié)猜詞義猜詞義做推斷做推斷猜測詞義猜測詞義 讀懂文章讀懂文章-高三英語閱讀指導(dǎo)（閱讀篇）高三英語閱讀指導(dǎo)（閱讀篇）： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands

4、 for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. .20142014高考閱讀理解專題高考閱讀理解專題Word Formation 構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法： 英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴）英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴）和詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根是單詞最基本和詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變原后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變原詞的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭詞的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭和詞尾的基本含義，那么就可以很容易猜測和詞尾的基本

5、含義，那么就可以很容易猜測出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了。出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了。super- (超超) mini- (極小的極小的, 微小的微小的)micro-（極微小的）（極微小的） re- （再，反復(fù)）（再，反復(fù)） mis-（誤，惡）（誤，惡） im-（不）（不） un-（不，非）（不，非） in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非） -able（能（能的的 ） -less（不，無）（不，無） -wards (向向) Mary, of course you are overweight. You eat too much junk food. Even worse , you e

6、xcercise infrequently.“Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share little about their innermost feelings.” With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidenc

7、e. unconditional:nonjudgmental:無條件的，絕對的無條件的，絕對的沒有判斷力的沒有判斷力的?Logical relationsEx1. A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a . His uncle is a , an expert who does research on animals. The , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. We are on the - from midnig

8、ht to 8 a.m. - this week. 木匠木匠 動物學(xué)家動物學(xué)家 牧人牧人 夜班夜班 定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或is, be called，be known as, be defined as等詞匯或破折號來表示等詞匯或破折號來表示 ；或由或由that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出引出 一些具體的解釋性的短語解釋生詞一些具體的解釋性的短語解釋生詞小小 結(jié)結(jié)Ex.2 The new tax law , or replaces, the law that was in effect

9、 last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as as mother, and much shorter.替代替代豐滿的豐滿的Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains . John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very .污穢的污穢的節(jié)約的節(jié)約的 In th

10、e past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of . Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are . 混亂混亂 天生的天生的 由由and或或or， like ,as as, the same as等連接的兩個詞構(gòu)成同義等連接的兩個詞構(gòu)成同義關(guān)系；關(guān)系；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如but, while, however, instead of ,

11、rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though ，on the contrary等。等。小小 結(jié)結(jié)Ex3.Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very . The river is so that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.彈性的彈性的 混濁的混濁的 Since I could not afford to purchase the o

12、riginal painting, I bought a . An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. Hes such a businessman that he loses no money in any trade. She wanted the hairdresser to her hair a bit because it was too long. 復(fù)制品復(fù)制品 精明的精明的 修剪修剪 常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞( (如如becausebecause，asas，sincesince，forfor，soso，thusthus，a

13、s a resultas a result， thereforetherefore等等) )表示前因后果。表示前因后果。小小 結(jié)結(jié)Ex.4Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise , such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽裝置裝置The new couple bought a lot of household appliances ,

14、such as washing machine, fridge and microwave oven ect.Difined most broadly, folklore includes all the customes, belief and tradition that people have handed dowm from generation to generation.家電家電民俗民俗 常用常用such as, like， for example, for instance等引出例等引出例子，可根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納子，可根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納出總稱詞即詞義出總稱詞即詞義 。小小

15、 結(jié)結(jié)通曉多種語言的通曉多種語言的EX.5 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch spread in rings on the surface

16、 of water. Metal when heated and when cooled. 麻藥麻藥波紋波紋膨脹膨脹冷縮冷縮 One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever. Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 癥狀癥狀易揮發(fā)的易

17、揮發(fā)的 顫抖顫抖 小小 結(jié)結(jié)根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，或運用自根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，或運用自己已有的常識將生詞推測出來。己已有的常識將生詞推測出來。 因此平時因此平時多了解英美國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，宗教信仰，多了解英美國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，宗教信仰，社會生活等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，社會生活等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞，猜測詞義的能力自然就提高了。遇到生詞，猜測詞義的能力自然就提高了。China will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scientist Wang said on Saturday.

18、The total eclipse will last up to six minutes, and it is the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,” he said. Rainforests like the Amazon are Rainforests like the Amazon are important for important for mopping upmopping up CO COEX.6 in the public eyeA. 公眾熟悉的公眾熟悉

19、的, ,出名的出名的Tips: in public在公眾場合在公眾場合 the public大眾大眾 eye眼睛眼睛GuessB. 在群眾的眼里在群眾的眼里 C. 公開的公開的 D. 令人眼熱的令人眼熱的in publicJane is usually Jane is usually promptprompt. . A A l a t e Bl a t e B o n t i m e o n t i m e C Cpleasedpleased Jane is usually prompt for her classesJane is usually prompt for all her cla

20、sses，but she arrived in the middle of her first class.adj.敏捷的敏捷的, 迅速的迅速的, 即時的即時的adv.準(zhǔn)時地準(zhǔn)時地 小小 結(jié)結(jié)所謂所謂“詞不離句，句不離章詞不離句，句不離章“講的就是對講的就是對于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情景。猜測生詞義或句意時，景。猜測生詞義或句意時， 一定要認(rèn)真一定要認(rèn)真讀懂與生詞密切相關(guān)的前后句子，進(jìn)行合讀懂與生詞密切相關(guān)的前后句子，進(jìn)行合情合理的推測，排除膚淺的表義，選擇蘊情合理的推測，排除膚淺的表義，選擇蘊含在其中的深意。含在其中的深意。 The ashes

21、of the Great Wall are falling down。 I think the Great wall is now like an 80 years old man. In some places it is still standing, but really unless there is some good medicine, most of it wont be standing in the next fifty or one hundred years. If people dont take medicine, the Great Wall will fall d

22、own.B. The Great Wall is like an 80 year-old man, who needs medical care.C. We must take some measures to pretect the Great Wall, or most of the Great Wall will break down in 50 or 100 yearsD. The Great Wall is falling down, and it will disappear in the future. But its a two-way street. I just heard

23、 about a thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone to Bangalore to train in software. Meanwhile, all the Indian IT majors are setting up a strong presence in China.（09遼寧卷）遼寧卷） What does the writer mean by “its a two way street”?What does the writer mean by “its a two way street”? China and Indi

24、a have different traffic rules.B. Tea trade works wanders in both India and ChinaC. Chinese products are popular in both China and IndiaD. The exchanges between India and China benefit bothD1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山雪山 B. 樹枝樹枝 C. 冰

25、河冰河 D. 冰冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever 小試身手3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用租用 B. 借出借出

26、 C. 購買購買 D. 參觀參觀 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest5. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 愛貓的愛貓的 B. 古怪的古怪的 C. 閑不住

27、閑不住 D. 動物保護(hù)主義者動物保護(hù)主義者 6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士便士 B. 溫飽溫飽 C. 非常貧困非常貧困 D. 虛弱虛弱 10. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money t

28、han yours.” Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to

29、obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean?A. eat B. get C. sell D. buyB A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also ho

30、nored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _ in this text.A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame DThe ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was bani

31、shed. A few members of the Senate(參議院參議院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. BMy first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watc