人教版高中一年級英語必修4課文原文

1、必修4 Unit 1A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 amand the sun is just rising over GombeNational Park in East Africa. Follow ing Jan e's way of study ing chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people un de

2、rsta nd how much they behave like huma ns. Watch ing a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and

3、 move off. Then we follow as they wan der into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clea n each other as a way of show ing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the after noon and she is right. However, the eve ning makes it all wort

4、hwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their n est for the ni ght. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years ob

5、serving and record ing their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wan ted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the firs

6、t few mon ths was she allowed to begi n her project. Her work cha nged the way people think about chimps. For example, one importa nt thi ng she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Un til the n every one had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hu

7、nting a mon key and the n eat ing it. She also discovered how chimps com muni cate with each other, and her study of their body Ian guage helped her work out their social system.For forty years Jane Goodall has bee n outspoke n about making the rest of the world un dersta nd and respect the life of

8、these ani mals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leadi ng a busy life but she says: " Once I stop, it all comescrowd ing in and I remember thec

9、himps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps.I say to myself, 'Are n't they lucky?" And the n I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ."She has achieved everyth ing

10、 she wan ted to do: worki ng with an imals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She in spires those who want to cheer the achieveme nts of wome n. WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?I enjoyed En glish, biology, andchemistry at

11、school, but which one should I chooseto study at university? I did not know the answer untilone evening when I sat downat the computer to do some research on great wome n of China.By cha nee I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases. She lived f

12、rom 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them caught my eye. It was a small book expla ining how to cut the death rate from havi ng and cari ng for babies. She gave some simple rules to foll

13、ow for keep ing babies clea n, healthy and free from sickness.Whydid she write that? Whowere the womenthat Lin Qiaozhi thought neededthis advice? I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was inten ded for wome n in the coun tryside. Perhaps if they had an emerge ncy they could not reach a

14、 doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical trainingat that time. That was a gen erati onwhen girls' educati on was always placed sec ondto boys'. Wasshe so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determ in ati

15、on as well as her gen tle n ature that got her into medical school. What made her succeed lateron was the kindnessandcon siderati on she showed to all her patie nts. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family w

16、ho could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patientsand had chosen not to have a familyof her own. In stead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered.By this time I was very excited. Why n

17、 ot study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the uni versity entrance exam in ati ons, and必修4 Unit 2A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthough he is one of China's most famous scientists,Yuan Longping consider

18、shimself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. In deed, his sun bur nt face and arms and his slim, stro ng body are just like those of millio ns of Chin ese farmers, for whomhe has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he

19、 became the first agriculturalpioneerin the world to grow rice that has a high output. This special strainof rice makesit possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.Nowmore than60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Bornin toa poor farmer's

20、family in 1930, Dr Yua n graduated fromSouthwestAgriculturalCollege in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has bee n his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great n eed for in creas ing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the coun tryside. D

21、r Yuan searched for a way to in crease rice harvests without expa ndingthe area of the fields. In 1950, Chin ese farmers could produce only fifty milli on tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred milliontons of ricewas produced. These in creased harvests mea n that 22% of the w

22、orld's people are fed from just 7% of the farmla nd in China. Dr Yuan is now circulat ing his kno wledge in In dia, Viet nam and many other less developed coun tries to in crease their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using hi

23、s hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he does n't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbles. He enjoys liste ning to violi n mu

24、sic, play ing mah-j ong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leadinga comfortable life alsomeans very little to him. In deed, he believes that a pers on with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.He thereforegives millionsof yuan to equip othersfor their research in agric

25、ulture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.Long ago Dr yuan had a dreamabout rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each gra in of rice was as huge as a pea nut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of produci ng a kind of rice that could

26、 feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dream is n ot always eno ugh, especially for a pers on who loves and cares for his people.CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half cen tury, using chemical fert

27、ilizers has become very com mon in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and in crease product ion. Rece ntly, however, scie ntists have bee n finding that Ion g-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's hea

28、lth.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killi ng the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, ani mals and huma ns, sinc

29、e chemicals get in side the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to can cer or otherillnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too

30、 fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but in side there is usually more water tha n vitam ins and min erals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They foc

31、us on keep ing their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more ferti

32、le. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.Orga nic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as pe

33、as or soybeans put importa nt min erals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that n eed rich and fertile soil. Orga nic farmers also pla nt crops to use differe ntlevels of soil, for example, pla nti ngpea nuts that use the groun d's surfacefollowed by vegetables t

34、hat put down deep roots. Someorganic farmers prefer planting grass betwee n crops to preve nt wi nd or water from carry ing away the soil, and the n leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop.These many differe ntorga nic farmi ng methods have the same goal:

35、 to grow good foodand avoid damag ing the environment or people's health.必修4 Unit 3A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives win ter from the huma nface", and up to now no body has bee n able to do this better tha n Charlie Chapli n. He brig

36、hte ned the lives of America ns and British through two world wars and the hard years in betwee n. He made people laugh at a time whe n they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie's own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889.His parentswere

37、 both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing thatCharlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such trai ning was com monin acti ng families at this time, especiallywhe n thefamily in come was ofte n un certa in. Unfortun ately his father d

38、ied, leavi ng the family even worse off, so Charlie spe nt his childhood look ing after his sick mother and his brother. By his tee ns, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in En gla nd. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was

39、ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made everything en terta ining.As time went by, he bega n making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn

40、-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stilly carry ing a walk ing stick. This character was a social failurebut was loved for his optimism anddeterm in ati on toovercome all difficulties. He was the un derdog who was ki nd eve n whe n others were unkind to him.How did the little t

41、ramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nin etee nth cen tury and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without succ

42、ess. In stead they are hidi ng in a small hut on the edge of a mountain duri ng a sno wstorm with no thi ng to eat. They are so hungry that they try boili ng a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leat

43、her top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. Fin ally he tries cutt ing and chew ing the bottom of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed an

44、d produced the films he starred in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England and the USA but spe nt his last years in Switzerla nd, where he was buried in 1977.He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could in spire people with great con fide

45、 nee.ENGLISH JOKES1 There are thousa nds of jokes which use "play on words" to amuse us. One pers onasks a questio n which expects a particular reply .In stead, what he getsis ano therkind of answer which makes the situation funny. Nowread some of these customer and waiter jokes. Can you m

46、atch the joke with the expla nati on?1 C: What's that fly doing in my soup?W: Swimming, I think!2 C: What's that?W: It's bea n soup.C: I don't want to know what it's bee n. I want to know what it is now.3 C: Waiter, will the pan cakes be long?W: No, sir. Rou nd.2 Some jokes are I

47、on ger and tell a short, funny story. The followi ng isone of those jokes about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Doctor Wats on. Read it and decide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give your reas ons.Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Wats on went camp ing in a mountaino

48、us area. They were lying in the ope n air un der the stars. Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and whispered,"Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of?"Wats on replied, "I thi nk of how short life is and how long the uni verse has lasted." "No, n

49、o, Wats on!" Holmes said. "What do you really thi nk of?." Watsontried agai n."I think of how small I ama nd how vast the sky is." "Try aga in, Wats on!" said Holmes. Wats on tried a third time. "I th ink of how cold the uni verse is and how warm people can be

50、 in their beds." Holmes said, "Wats on, you fool! You should be thinking that some one has stole n our ten t!"必修4 Unit 4COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?Yesterday, ano ther stude nt and I, represe nti ng our uni versity's stude nt associati on, went to the CapitalI ntern ati on alAirport

51、to meet this year'sintern ati onal stude nts. They were coming to study at Beiji ngUni versity. We would take them first to their dormitories and the n to the stude nt can tee n. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the wait ing area look ing

52、around curiously. I stood for a minute watch ing them and the nwent to greet them.The first pers on to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her

53、 shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back appeari ng surprised and put up her han ds, as if in defe nee. I guessed that there was probably a major misun dersta nding. Then Akira Nagata from Japa n came in smili ng, together with George Cook from Can ada. As they were in troduced, Georg

54、e reached his hand out to the Japa nese stude nt. Just at that mome nt, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George's movi ng hand. They both apologized - ano ther cultural mistake!Ahmed Aziz, ano ther intern ati onal stude nt, was from Jorda n. When we met yesterday, he moved very close to

55、me as I in troduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a questi on and the n shook my hand. When Darle ne Coulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling face. They shook hands and the n kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that i

56、s the French custom when adults meet people they know. AhmedAziz., on the contrary,simplyno dded at the girls. Men from MiddleEaster n and other Muslim coun trieswill oftensta nd quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch wome n.As I get to know more internationalfriends, I learn mo

57、re about this cultural"body Ian guage". Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touch ing or dista nee betwee n people. In the same way that people com muni cate with spoke n Ian guage, they also express their feeli ngs using un spoke n

58、 "la nguage" through physical dista nee, actions or posture. En glish people, for example, do not usually sta nd very close to others or touch stra ngers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American coun tries approach others closely and are more li

59、kely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other by shak ing han ds, but some cultures use other greet ings as well, such as the Japa nese, who prefer to bow.These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. I have seen, however, that cultu

60、ral customs for body Ianguage are very gen eral - not all members of a culture behave in the same way. In gen eral, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!SHOWING OUR FEELINGSBody Ian guage is one of the most powerful means of com muni cati on, ofte n eve n m