人教英語(yǔ)選修六第四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、人教版英語(yǔ)選修六第四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)U4（選修六）Language points-reading 1on/ upon+ n 依靠 , 依賴 , 確（ 堅(jiān)） 信You can t depend on your parents forever.depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做You can t depend on him to come on time.depend on/upon +it +that . 指望.You may depend on it that he will come.depend on/upon +wh- 從句Whether you can pass t

2、he exam depends on howhard you work.That （all） depends./ it all depends. （ 口語(yǔ) ） 視情況而定，I may help you. But that/ it depends.2. light1）n. 光,線,燈2）v. 照亮 , 點(diǎn)燃He lit a match. 他劃著了一根火柴。A smile of triumph lit up her face.她的臉上閃耀著勝利的微笑。The match lights easily. 這火柴容易劃著3）adjThe suitcase is very light. （輕的）There

3、 was a light rain falling.He is a light sleeper. 他睡不沉。 （易醒的）3. heat v. / heat up 是某物變熱或變暖heated adj. 熱的激烈的heated debate, heated discussionheatedly adv. 憤怒地激昂地heater 加熱器發(fā)熱器consumer （n.）.1 消耗 , 花費(fèi) ; 耗盡She consumed most of her time in reading.2 吃完 , 喝光The kids soon consumed all the food on the table.孩子

4、們一會(huì)兒功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。3 使全神貫注, 使著迷 +withThe boy was consumed with curiosity. 那男孩充滿好奇心。as one can = as as possiblePlease come here as soon as possible.= Please come here as soon as you can.as many as 多達(dá)as long as 長(zhǎng)達(dá) , 只要as far as 遠(yuǎn)至，就.而論as well as 和一樣好，也，和as early as 早在6. 對(duì)比：Our food supply has given out

5、.His money soon ran out.We are running out of our time.I have run out of my oil.All his savings have been used up.vt. / n. 擋住圈套Sand and leaves trapped the water in the stream.They finally trapped the mouse in a cage.最后，他們用籠子把老鼠逮著了。The police set a trap for the thieves.She was trapped in the burning

6、house.from.stop . (from)prevent (from) .You should clean your room to keep it from getting dirty.你應(yīng)該打掃房間以保持干凈。Keep doing 繼續(xù)keep out 擋住使進(jìn)不去keep up with 跟上9 What do you think green house gases do 你認(rèn)為溫室氣體有什么作用呢本句中 think 后接了一個(gè)由 what 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。但應(yīng)注意的是： 特殊賓語(yǔ)從句即當(dāng)一般疑問(wèn)句主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think, believe ， suppose ，consider

7、, imagine ， guess 和 suggest 等時(shí)，表疑問(wèn)的詞要放在主句前即句首。例如： 正 Who do you think will win in the game 誤 Do you think who will win in the game當(dāng)然一般情況下賓語(yǔ)從句的疑問(wèn)詞應(yīng)放在主句之后，例如： 誤 Why do you know we can't cut down the big tree 正 Do you know why we can't cut down the big treewhen compared to other natural changes

8、是一個(gè)省略的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其完整的形式應(yīng)該是 When it is compared to ；在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句和主句為同一主語(yǔ)，或者從句的主語(yǔ)是it,而且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)動(dòng)詞be或含有助動(dòng)詞be,可省略主語(yǔ)和be如：If (it is) so, you must get back and get it. Although (he was) criticized, he stillworked hard.He hurt his legs badly when (he was) playing footballcompare to/ with:與相比Compar

9、ed to/with many women, she was indeed very pare A with B ：相比(不同)If you compare her work with his, you will findhers is much pare A to B ：把 A 比作 BPoets have compared sleep to death.A teacher's work is often compared to a candle.The poet compares his lover to a rose in his p

10、oems.Compared to ten years ago, the carbon dioxide content over this decade has gone up rapidly.Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is compared to the glass of greenhouse.Compared with is similar toPeople often compare teachers to gardeners.人們經(jīng)常把老師比做園丁。That probably doesn t sound very much to you or me

11、but it is a rapid increase. compared to most natural changes與大多數(shù)的自然變化相比about: 發(fā)生 =happen（ 無(wú)被動(dòng)）1 This situation should never have come out.2 How did it come about that he had his leg hurt他的腿傷著了，這是怎么發(fā)生的3 This has not come about overnight. 冰凍三尺，非一日之寒Take place 事件的發(fā)生有某種原因或事先的安排： The Olympic Games of 200

12、8 took place in Beijing.Happen 偶然或突發(fā)性事件： what happened to youI happened to see him on my way home= It happened that I saw him on my way home.Occur 發(fā)生或想到，突然想起，意為發(fā)生時(shí)=happen: what has occurredI occurred to me that she didn t know I had moved into the new house.Come about 事情發(fā)生了， 但還不知道為什么。常用于否定和疑問(wèn)When mo

13、ther woke up, she didn t know what had come about.Break out 常指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)災(zāi)難疾病爭(zhēng)吵事件的發(fā)生 come into being 形成 Come into power/office當(dāng)權(quán)/ 當(dāng)職Come into force/effect開(kāi)始生效Come out 出版, 結(jié)果一 come across 偶遇come to 共計(jì)，蘇醒When it comes to涉及Come up with 提出Come up 在空中出現(xiàn)，Come along, 進(jìn)展，跟隨 come true .成真 is no doubt that .毫無(wú)疑問(wèn).There

14、 is no doubt that he can come on time.doubt 的賓語(yǔ)從句 , 肯定句 whether / if / that否定句 thatHe doubted whether they would be able to help.He never doubted that they would win the game. beyond / without doubt 無(wú)疑地 It is human activity that 原句： My teacher did the experiment in the lab yesterday morning with me.

15、 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)： It was my teacher that did the experiment in the lab yesterday morning with me.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ) It was the experiment that my teacher did in the lab yesterday morning with me.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)It was yesterday morning that my teacher did the experiment in the labwith me.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)It was in the lab that my teacher did th

16、e experiment yesterday morning with me.強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語(yǔ)It was with me that my teacher did the experiment in the lab yesterdaymorning.not until I didn t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was until she took off her dark glasses that I didn t realize she was a famousfilm s

17、tar.（ 錯(cuò) ）It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.（ 對(duì) ）強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句句型： Is/Was+ 被強(qiáng)大的部分+that/who/whom+ 句子的其他部分特殊疑問(wèn)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型的構(gòu)成： 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+it+that+ 句子的其他部分 （用陳述語(yǔ)序） 例如：Did he help you with your English study last weekWas it he that helped you with your English s

18、tudy last weekWhen did you receive the giftWhen was it that you received the gift13random 隨意的胡亂的隨機(jī)的 / randomlyat random 任意地隨便地14. phenomenon （sing.） phenomena （pl.）the phenomena of nature 自然現(xiàn)象a social phenomenon 社會(huì)現(xiàn)象vi. Vt.Subscribe to 同意贊同，支持訂閱簽名I subscribe to your opinion completely.（ 同意贊同 ）I subs

19、cribe to a weekly women s magazine （訂閱報(bào)紙雜志）She subscribes to a society which helps to protect animals（定期捐款）16. Without the green house effect ， the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is. 如果沒(méi)有溫室效應(yīng)，地球會(huì)比現(xiàn)在冷33這是一個(gè)含蓄虛擬條件句=If there were no“green house effect ” , the earth wou

20、ld be abo ut thirty-threedegrees Celsius cooler than it is.But for electricity （= If there were no electricity）， there would be no modemindustry 要是沒(méi)有電，就不會(huì)有現(xiàn)代工業(yè)。He was having a meeting with his students； otherwise he would have come.他當(dāng)時(shí)正與他的學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論，否則的話他就來(lái)幫我們了。He felt very tired yesterday, or he would

21、have attended the party他昨天很累 , 不然他就參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)了。17. add v.add up 加起來(lái)add up to 合計(jì)達(dá)add to 增加If you add 4 to 3 , you get 7Add up these figures, please.18. quantity1) He likes reading and always buys books in quantity.他喜歡閱讀 , 總是成批地買(mǎi)書(shū)。2)He prefers quality to quantity when food is concerned.在吃的方面，他重質(zhì)而不重量3A lar

22、ge quantity of air-conditioners has been sold since the temperature began to rise. 自從氣溫升高，大量的空調(diào)已經(jīng)被賣(mài)出去了。a large quantity of/large quantities of;大量的一， 許多的一in quantity; 成批地，大量地a large quantity of/large quantities of之后接可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。注意:a large quantity of作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。large quantities of 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)Quantiti

23、es of food were on the table.Huge quantities of CO2 are added to the atmosphere.Huge quantities of fossil fuels are burned to produce energy.As a result of burning fossil fuels, a largeof carbon dioxide _ added to theatmosphere.A. number; isB. quantity; isC. number; areD. quantity; aremeans that mor

24、e heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. 這就意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中，從而引起全球氣溫上升。causing 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)置于句尾，通常和句子隔開(kāi)，作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示正常的結(jié)果His father died, leaving him a lot of money and a big company.不定式短語(yǔ)也可以置于句尾，有時(shí)前面加only, 在句子中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，但往往表示出乎意料之外的或事與愿違的結(jié)果例如：He hurri

25、ed to the station, only to find that th train had left already.20. Tend- tendencyvt. 照顧，護(hù)理She is tending (to) a very sick patient. (她在護(hù)理一位重病人。 )There is a farmer tending his sheep.vi. tend to 易于，往往會(huì)；傾向于When I m tired, I tend to make mistakes.He tends to get angry when people oppose his opinion.She w

26、ent up (to Cambridge) in 1977. ( 英) 上大學(xué)Cigarettes are going up (in price).上漲New office blocks are going up everywhere.建造起蓋起The whole building went up in flames. 被燒 ( 炸 ) 毀When are you next going up to Scotland 北上蘇格蘭Unemployment has gone up again. 增加The curtain goes up on a suburban living-room. (舞臺(tái)幕

27、布 ) 拉起We re going up to London next weekend.進(jìn)城go up in smoke 化為烏有g(shù)o by 經(jīng)過(guò)go in for 參加go through 經(jīng)歷，遭到go on 前進(jìn)22. result in 導(dǎo)致 , 造成 =lead toThe accident resulted in three people being killed.The accident the death of two passengers.A. resulted fromB. resulted inC. resulted ofD. resulted withresult fr

28、om:起因于，因?yàn)閏itizens opposed the new tax. 大部分市民反對(duì)新稅。 2)The mother opposed her daughter s going ther e alone. 這位母親反對(duì)她女兒一個(gè)人去那兒3)I m strongly opposed to your plan. 我堅(jiān)決反對(duì)你的計(jì)劃。4)His daughter is very athletic, as opposed to his son, who is very clever.他的女兒擅長(zhǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，他的兒子卻擅長(zhǎng)動(dòng)腦，兩人形成鮮明的對(duì)比。oppose sth 反對(duì)某事；oppose doing

29、 sth 反對(duì)干某事be opposed to sth./doing sth. 反對(duì)一as opposed to( 介詞)與對(duì)照下表示“反對(duì)”的短語(yǔ)：say no to對(duì)說(shuō)不，拒絕，反對(duì)；be against 反對(duì)，不同意；object to (doing)sth. 反對(duì)，討厭；object that 對(duì)提出異議。例如：Can you explain why you said no to my offer你能否解釋一下為什么拒絕我的幫助They objected that the schedule was too tight. 它們對(duì)工作進(jìn)度表太緊提出異議。24. 1)The rise in

30、lung cancers was a consequence of cigarette smoking.肺癌的增長(zhǎng)是吸煙造成的結(jié)果。2) I m afraid you re ill. 你恐怕是病了吧 It s of no consequence. 不要緊3) As a consequence of a great fire the house was completely destroyed. 由于大 火，房子被徹底毀壞了。4)Who should answer for the consequence of the accident.誰(shuí)應(yīng)該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)be of no/little/grea

31、t/much +consequence不 / 非常重要as a consequence (of )=in consequence (of )結(jié)果 (是), 由于一take the consequence of 承擔(dān)責(zé)任answer for the consequences對(duì)后果負(fù)責(zé)。句子改寫(xiě)1)He hadn t enough money to pay our bus fare, so they had to walk there.=He hadn t enough money to pay our bus fare, and in they had to walkthere.2)Is the

32、 experiment very important to you=Is the experiment to youin consequenceof great consequence25. mildadj.1) 溫和的, 溫柔的He is themildestmanalive.2) 溫暖的, 暖和的It's beena mildwinterthis year.3) 味淡的, 不濃烈的Please make my drink a mild one.4) 輕微的, 不重的; 寬大的He was given a mild punishment.他是世上最和善的人了。今年的冬天一直很暖和。請(qǐng)

33、把我的酒調(diào)得淡一點(diǎn)。他被從輕發(fā)落。, 政府陳述 ; 聲明 ; 說(shuō)明26. state-statement形態(tài)The witness stated that she had never seen Mr. SmithIce is the solid state of water .In china, the railway are owned by the state. There are 50 states in AmericaEverything was in a state of disorder.狀態(tài)The president has made an important statement

34、 about the matter.state 是常用詞，只人或物所處的外表、心理、健康及所處的情形等方面的情況，但不如condition 具體，只用作單數(shù)形式。 The house was in a dirty state.condition是常用詞，。1用作單數(shù)形式，表示人或物目前所處的真實(shí)具體狀態(tài)，尤指內(nèi)在狀態(tài)，可與 state 替用； eg. be in poor/good conditionC2用作復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，籠統(tǒng)地表示一般狀態(tài)。eg. poor working conditionssituation 是一般用詞，尤指處于某時(shí)期的狀況，處境，局面，形勢(shì)。指各種具體情況綜合起來(lái)的狀態(tài)，

35、多指危急或重大的事態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)外部因素對(duì)該事態(tài)的影響，常用作單數(shù)形式。oneself in an embarrassing situationposition O有利的狀況(如競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的)。2 (尤作單數(shù))處境，情勢(shì)(尤指影響某人 行為的能力) am not in a position to help you. 我?guī)筒涣四恪?7. range1) 排列 , 將 . 排成行 The cards were ranged in alphabetical order.2) )( 在一定范圍內(nèi))變化the frontier ranges from the northern hills to the s

36、outhern coastThe prices of the pens range from $5-$100.3) It s beyond the range of my ability.4) I came within my range of vision.5) he has a wide range of knowledge.beyond the range of 超出范圍within the range of 在范圍內(nèi)range from A to B 范圍從A 到 B28.1)The clouds are building up. 云彩在聚集2)You need more protei

37、n to build you up.增強(qiáng)體質(zhì) , 強(qiáng)身健體。3)She s built up a v ery successful business. 逐步建立4)The singer has been built up into a good success. 吹捧，贊揚(yáng)5)I m very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up.逐漸增長(zhǎng)6)Hard working conditions build up character. (喻) 能磨練人的性格29. even if /thoughI wouldn't

38、 tell you even if I knew.Even if she survives, she'll never fully recover.Even though he's 24 now, he's still like a little child.I can still remember, even though it was so long ago.30. steady-steadily 平穩(wěn)的，持續(xù)的，可靠地，穩(wěn)固的 He has made a steady decision There has been a steady increase in car

39、 production in the past 6 months. Zhang Feng is a steady young man.Please keep the ladder steady.We drove at a steady speed.A steady job/income 穩(wěn)定的工作/ 收入A steady worker 可靠的工人 Steady rain 連綿的雨 31. tendency 傾向 趨勢(shì) She has artistic tendencies. 她有藝術(shù)氣質(zhì)。There is a growing tendency for people to work at hom

40、e instead of in offices. Mary is nice but she has a tendency to talk too much. 有傾向；+to/toward He has a tendency towards pessimism. 他有悲觀的傾向。Bob has a tendency to exaggerate things.鮑勃有愛(ài)夸張的傾向。Trend tendency current: 這些名詞均含“趨勢(shì)，傾向”之意。trend: 指事物發(fā)展總的方向、傾向或趨勢(shì)。 A recent trend in literature, fashion trend ten

41、dency: 指固有或習(xí)得的傾向性，強(qiáng)調(diào)沒(méi)有外來(lái)的影響或干擾。 current: 指向某一方面發(fā)展或在確趨向中行動(dòng) 32. widespread 分布廣的，普遍的 The forests are widespread in our country.我們的國(guó)家森林分布很廣。The new laws gained widespread acceptance.Their suggestion met with widespread disagreement普遍的There was a widespread belief in his innocence the whole 總的來(lái)說(shuō)；從總體上看 On

42、 the whole ,he is a good boy.The weather this month has been cold on the whole.On the whole, I m in favor of the idea.The paper is well written on the whole.34. averageabove the average 在一般 水平以上 , 中上 ; 在平均數(shù)以上 below the average 在一般水平以下 , 中下 ; 在平均數(shù)以下 on average 平均 , 按平均數(shù)計(jì)算; 一般地說(shuō)on an average 平均 , 按平均數(shù)

43、計(jì)算; 一般地說(shuō)The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24.(N) 4、 8 和 60 的平均數(shù)是24。平均；平均水平adjWhat is the average rainfall for August in your countryThe average age of the students in this class is 9.His average result （of this three subjects） is 96.His results is the average. 他成績(jī)平平I d say he was of average height. 中等個(gè)

44、頭Tom is good at maths-well above average.遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于平均水平On average, babies start walking at a year old.Language points-reading 2behalf of 代表一方My husband could not be here tonight, but l want to thank you on his behalf.We attended the global conference on behalf of our country.I m greatly honored to put onp

45、erformance here on behalf of my school.The hero s wife accepted the medal on behalf of her dead husband.v. 提倡主張擁護(hù)鼓吹/ n. 提倡者He advocates building more schools.The public advocated passing the mitment -commit v.犯罪犯錯(cuò)誤, 使承擔(dān)義務(wù) , 為某人作出保證commit a crimea difference : 有關(guān)系，有影響，有重要性make no difference ：沒(méi)

46、有關(guān)系，沒(méi)有重要性It won't make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.你今天去或明天去沒(méi)有多大關(guān)系 .It make no difference if you light a lamp in the sunshine. 白天點(diǎn)燈多此一舉。up with 忍受 ; 忍耐 ; 受苦We can t put up with his endless complaint.I'm afraid you'll have to put up with his bad temper.That woman, as a

47、 housewife, has a lot to put up with.Noise is coming to the point where we can t put u p with it.與 stand, bear 同義We have to bear with his bad temper because he is a bit frustrated these days.I cannot stand waiting any longer.Modern plastics can very high and very low temperature. （山東）A stand B. hold

48、C. carryD. supportKey: Aput aside 節(jié)?。ㄥX(qián)、時(shí)間）;儲(chǔ)蓄；把放在一邊put away 收拾起來(lái) ; 儲(chǔ)存 （ 錢(qián)）put back 放回原處 ; 拖延put down 寫(xiě)下 ; 記下 ; 控制put forward 提出 （ 意見(jiàn)、建議）; 推薦put off 延期 ; 推遲put out 熄滅 ; 撲滅put up舉起；張開(kāi)（傘）；張貼；為提供食宿Match the phrases with the correct meaninglong as / as long as只要，如果As long as you don't betray me, I

49、9;ll do whatever you ask me to （do）.You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back before 11 o'clock.As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe.You may borrow this book so long as you promise to give it back.I will stay as long as I can.on condition that 在的條件下1） I will go abroad on c