車輛熱管理研究方法與內(nèi)容

1、車輛熱管理研究方法與內(nèi)容2l熱管理系統(tǒng)與整車的集成研究熱管理系統(tǒng)與整車的集成研究，主要通過研究汽車熱管理系統(tǒng)空氣側(cè)空氣側(cè)復(fù)雜流動(dòng)和傳熱過程機(jī)理復(fù)雜流動(dòng)和傳熱過程機(jī)理，探討汽車總布置設(shè)計(jì)、熱管理系統(tǒng)集成方式以及行駛工況等因素對(duì)熱管理系統(tǒng)性能的影響。在此基礎(chǔ)上，從系統(tǒng)工程觀點(diǎn)和綜合指標(biāo)出發(fā)，妥善解決熱管理與汽車結(jié)構(gòu)和總布置設(shè)計(jì)之間的關(guān)系，控制汽車熱管理系統(tǒng)空氣側(cè)流場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，避免熱風(fēng)回流，改善冷卻風(fēng)道特性，提高熱管理系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際運(yùn)行性能l試驗(yàn)研究與數(shù)值模擬為熱管理系統(tǒng)與整車集成研究的基本方法。車輛熱管理的研究方法車輛熱管理的研究方法3國(guó)外主要的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論v通用汽車公司的Patrick Hoover在實(shí)驗(yàn)室

2、中，考慮集成在一起的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)體、冷凝器、散熱器和風(fēng)扇密封板等影響，對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)艙內(nèi)流動(dòng)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，分析了冷卻風(fēng)扇與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)艙流動(dòng)之間的匹配性能。該研究模擬車速50km/h，環(huán)境溫度49條件，對(duì)散熱器工作和不工作時(shí)的熱管理系統(tǒng)冷卻空氣流量進(jìn)行測(cè)量和比較。結(jié)果表明，散熱器在加熱條件下的冷卻空氣流量低于不加熱時(shí)約12%v最新的冷卻系統(tǒng)發(fā)展方向（VALEO公司)： 1. Nucleate boiling engine cooling: 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)部冷卻液沸騰冷卻系統(tǒng)(REROM) 2. THEMIS system： 智能化電子冷卻系統(tǒng)（電子控制閥控制條件冷卻液的溫度和流量） 3. CoolMaster：電子水閥

3、 代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的 節(jié)溫器或電子控制閥 4. UltimateCooling：4電子泵代替機(jī)械泵低壓循環(huán)系統(tǒng)0.2bar （適合更高的（高和中等)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷汽缸頭的溫度高 510C循環(huán)水量更少 13001400L/H (43005400)REROM 系統(tǒng)There are two coolant architectures for nucleate boiling engine cooling: partially filled coolant architecture: there is coolant in the cylinder bloc and the cylinder head and

4、all the rest of the coolant circuit remains empty. This coolant architecture was adopted and studied by two car manufacturers (Nissan and BMW). Completely filled coolant architecture: there is coolant in the whole coolant circuit. That means the coolant circuit is practically the same as the convent

5、ional engine cooling today. This is our coolant architecture and was adopted and studied by two car manufacturers (Renault and VW). 5REROM 系統(tǒng)6智能化冷卻系統(tǒng) 78ULTIMATECOOLING SYSTEM 910Compared to the conventional cooling system and based on Mercedes C class 220CDI, UltimateCooling system exhibits the foll

6、owing results : Packaging reduction in Front End by -10 Liters (-40%), Danner crash repair cost reduction, Green House Gas benefit (750g of R134a 1000 kg of CO), Better WCAC performance (4 to 10 C better if A/C is ON, and 13 to 20 C better if A/C is OFF) Better engine performances and dynamic respon

7、se (turbo lag), Mutualization of thermal exchange potential : all heat exchangers being cooled down by the same fluid, A/C, Charge Air and Engine cooling operates by sharing power depending on the vehicle speed conditions, Could supply low temperature coolant to other fluids : fuel cooler, EGR coole

8、r, oil cooler, electronic cooler and electric power-train cooler for HEV, FCEV, Less high cost hoses: A/C, OC, CAC, Cross-line component standardisation : WCAC, WCDS UltimateCooling system 優(yōu)點(diǎn)11Recommendations : THEMIS or CoolMaster could be used if the fuel consumption and pollutions reduction are r

9、eally the main target. Also its very good for the medium and high vehicle range equipped with the gasoline engine. REROM could be a good system in order to reduce fuel consumption, pollution and system cost. Its very beneficial for low vehicle range equipped with small gasoline and small diesel engi

10、ne. UltimateCooling is a good system in order to reduce the packaging of cooling module at the front end. Its an ideal system for high vehicle ange equipped with the turbo diesel or turbo gasoline engine. 12v吸風(fēng)風(fēng)扇：有利于空氣更均勻的流過CPKv吹風(fēng)風(fēng)扇：有利于更多空氣流過CPK ,但由于產(chǎn)生的二次流的能力損失，降低空氣流量；在內(nèi)，吹風(fēng)方式有更好的性能；在大于，吹風(fēng)方式性能降低v如果風(fēng)扇

11、與冷卻模塊間距小于120mm，吹風(fēng)方式有利。v對(duì)吹風(fēng)方式而言，風(fēng)扇和冷卻模塊理想距離為50mm；風(fēng)扇的性能風(fēng)扇的性能13141516v 國(guó)內(nèi)將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熱管理當(dāng)作一個(gè)系統(tǒng)來(lái)進(jìn)行考慮的比較少，國(guó)內(nèi)主要還是對(duì)各子系統(tǒng)單獨(dú)考慮，并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行一些優(yōu)化。v裝甲兵工程學(xué)院畢小平教授等人對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)和潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了建模和編程計(jì)算。v山東大學(xué)的李國(guó)祥教授及其學(xué)生對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了建模并主要對(duì)冷卻風(fēng)扇和散熱器進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。v清華大學(xué)的張揚(yáng)軍教授等人進(jìn)行的燃料電池?zé)峁芾硐到y(tǒng)對(duì)本研究也具有參考價(jià)值v南京理工大學(xué)的宣益民.v。1718192021v發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻液性能v發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻液是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)循環(huán)冷卻系統(tǒng)的冷卻介質(zhì),主要由防凍劑、緩蝕劑、消泡劑、著色劑、防霉劑、緩沖劑等組成。隨著汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展,對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的性能要求也越來(lái)越高,不僅要求冷卻液具有較低的凝固點(diǎn)和較高的沸點(diǎn),還應(yīng)具有較好的金屬防腐性、防氣蝕性、防結(jié)垢性,以及對(duì)環(huán)境污染小或不污染環(huán)境,且有較長(zhǎng)的使用壽命等等方面的綜合性能。v冷卻液由多種成分組成，但是主要的成分是水和乙二醇。在不同的地區(qū)根據(jù)氣候的不同將水和乙二醇進(jìn)行配比得到需要的冷卻液，40%60%; 50%50% v發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻液中水和乙二醇的配比是由當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂驔Q定的，冷卻液具有高的沸點(diǎn)和低的凝固點(diǎn)。高沸點(diǎn)保證了冷卻系統(tǒng)在較高溫度也不會(huì)沸騰，提高了冷卻系統(tǒng)散熱器的散熱效率。低的凝固