高中定語從句我喜歡ppt課件

1、 一. 定語從句的根本定義放在名詞或代詞后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的修飾該名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are

2、dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where關(guān)系代詞實踐上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系代詞實踐上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞whose實踐上是先行詞的一切格實踐上是先行詞的一切格關(guān)系副詞實踐上是介詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞實踐上是介詞先行詞Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machin

3、e can fly.A plane is can fly.關(guān)系代詞的本質(zhì)關(guān)系代詞的本質(zhì)the machinea machinethat /whichThe lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green Who/that關(guān)系代詞實踐上替代的就是先行詞關(guān)系代詞實踐上替代的就是先行詞 二. 關(guān)系詞的分類關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 2. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語，常用的關(guān)系代詞有：that, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，常用的關(guān)

4、系副詞有：when, where, why三三. 關(guān)系代詞的根本用法和留意點關(guān)系代詞的根本用法和留意點1. 關(guān)系代詞的根本用法關(guān)系代詞的根本用法關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 指代的先指代的先行詞行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分充當(dāng)從句的成分who人人主語、賓語主語、賓語whom人人賓語賓語which物物主語、賓語主語、賓語that人或物人或物主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語whose人或物人或物定語定語 who指人指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略?？墒÷浴he man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who s

5、teals things is called a thief.whom指人指人,在定語從句中作賓語，可省略。在定語從句中作賓語，可省略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. which 指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。語。作賓語時，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder which he is using ismade in Japan. He is the man (that) I told you about.

6、that 指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。語。作賓語時，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.whose指人或物指人或物, 在定語從句中作定語在定語從句中作定語 。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.2. 關(guān)系代詞的用法留意點關(guān)系代詞的用法留意點(1) that和和which都可以指物，

7、但以下都可以指物，但以下5種情況種情況只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which。領(lǐng)先行詞中有人又有物時。如：領(lǐng)先行詞中有人又有物時。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 領(lǐng)先行詞為不定代詞領(lǐng)先行詞為不定代詞all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等時。如：等時。如：This is all that I want from the school.領(lǐng)先行詞被最高級修飾時。如：領(lǐng)先行詞被最高級修飾時。

8、如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 領(lǐng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：領(lǐng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.領(lǐng)先行詞被領(lǐng)先行詞被only, just, very, right, last等等修飾時。如：修飾時。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.(2) that和和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，都可以指人，但下

9、面兩種情況，多用多用who。先行詞為先行詞為all, anyone, one, ones等時。如：等時。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行詞為先行詞為those, he和和people時。如：時。如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.(3) whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句留意點引導(dǎo)的定語從句留意點whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語

10、。詞短語。 whose與它所修飾的名詞一同可以作介詞的賓語。與它所修飾的名詞一同可以作介詞的賓語。如：如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他任務(wù)所在部門的老板曾經(jīng)聽說他任務(wù)所在部門的老板曾經(jīng)聽說了這個音訊。了這個音訊。whose的先行詞指物時，可用的先行詞指物時，可用of which替代，但語替代，但語序不同，即序不同，即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+of which，或，或= of which + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The novel whose title (= the titl

11、e of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞既可以指人引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。whose的先行詞指人時，可用的先行詞指人時，可用of whom替代，替代，但語序不同，即但語序不同，即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+of whom，或，或= of whom + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is

12、 a doctor is my friend.(4) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必需與先行詞堅持一致。如：的人稱和數(shù)必需與先行詞堅持一致。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.Th

13、e scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new. that (1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.穩(wěn)定練習(xí)：穩(wěn)定練習(xí)：1. 用定語從句合并句子用定語從句合并句子(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked

14、 with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen. (which/ that)who/ thatwhosewhich/ thatwho, that, whom, which, whose I have a friend _ likes listening to the classical music. Yes

15、terday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player. Kate is reading a book _ is too difficult for her.1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.2. The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.3. The girl

16、_ mother is a teacher can speak English very well.4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library.5. I cant find the book _you lent to me.who/that穩(wěn)定練習(xí)：穩(wěn)定練習(xí)： 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 The family _ Im staying with lives in town. I know the student _ article was published. Betty, _ has never been abroad

17、, is studying English very well. My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother. Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.(which/ that)whosewho?thatwhich/ thatwhomwhom?省略省略根據(jù)從句中的動詞搭配This is the book _ which you asked.留意：動詞短語不

18、能拆，即介詞不提早留意：動詞短語不能拆，即介詞不提早我照顧的那個老人好多了。我照顧的那個老人好多了。The old man after whom I am looking is better. The old man whom I am looking after is better.介詞介詞+whom/which如如何判別介詞何判別介詞for根據(jù)從句中的描畫詞搭配He told me some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.This is our classroom, in the front of which there is

19、 a teachers desk.如何判別介詞如何判別介詞with根據(jù)先行詞與介詞搭配介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞 = 關(guān)系副詞My grandpa was born in 1939 _ the World War broke out.Kun Ming is a beautiful place _ flowers are seen all the year round.如何判別介詞如何判別介詞in whichwhenin whichwhereThe song, _ we are interested will be broadcast tonight.He is the hero _ we are pr

20、oud.This is the college _ well visit a famous actor.The earth _ we live is a big round ball.in whichof whomin whichon whichExercise Do you like the book _ she spent $10? Do you like the book _ she paid $10? Do you like the teacher _ she learned a lot? Do you like the teacher _ we are talking has gon

21、e abroad? He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfor whichfrom whomabout whomof which介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞的運用關(guān)系代詞的運用 先行詞是先行詞是the way，意為，意為“方式，方法時，引導(dǎo)方式，方法時，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞用定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that/ in which或省略。或省略。 I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he t

22、eaches English is interesting.that/in whichthat/in which關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)1. 先行詞與先行詞與such, the same連用或先行詞本身就連用或先行詞本身就是是the same, such時，要用時，要用as。Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?2. 替代整個句子，在從句中作主語，而從句位替代整個句子，在從句中作主語，而從句位于句首時，要用于句首時，要用as。As is well

23、known, the earth goes around the sun.The earth is round, _ we all know._ is known to all, the earth is round._ is known to all that the earth is round.as AsItas的運用/which Being a volunteer is such a privilege _ we all want to have.Being a volunteer is such a privilege _ we all want to have it.asthata

24、s的運用五五. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when, where和和why的用法的用法關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞指代的先行詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)從句的成分充當(dāng)從句的成分when表時間的名詞表時間的名詞/名詞詞組名詞詞組時間狀語時間狀語where表地點的名詞表地點的名詞/名詞詞組名詞詞組地點狀語地點狀語why表原因的名詞表原因的名詞原因狀語原因狀語用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞when時，先行詞指時間，時，先行詞指時間，when在定在定語從句中作時間狀語，語從句中作時間狀語，when可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代關(guān)系代詞。如：詞。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I fir

25、st came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.1. when用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞where時，先行詞指地點，時，先行詞指地點，where在定在定語從句中作地點狀語，語從句中作地點狀語，where可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞。如：代詞。如：This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.The school where (= in which) his mother teache

26、s is in the west of the city.2. where用關(guān)系副詞用關(guān)系副詞why時，先行詞指緣由，時，先行詞指緣由，why在定語在定語從句中作緣由狀語，從句中作緣由狀語，why可換成可換成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞。如：。如：There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why4. 關(guān)系副詞的用法留意點關(guān)系副詞

27、的用法留意點(1)領(lǐng)先行詞為領(lǐng)先行詞為time，表示，表示“次數(shù)時，運用關(guān)次數(shù)時，運用關(guān)系詞系詞that 或省略。如：或省略。如：This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.(2)當(dāng)當(dāng)point, situation, case等詞作先行詞表示等詞作先行詞表示“情況，境地，場所等意思時，其后常由情況，境地，場所等意思時，其后常由where引導(dǎo)定語從句，引導(dǎo)定語從句，where在句中作狀語。如：在句中作狀語。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase

28、can be used?穩(wěn)定練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空穩(wěn)定練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I live. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?whenon whichwherein whichwhyfor which 4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are

29、 gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhenduring whichat whichwhere對比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空對比練習(xí)：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)

30、2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which) The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time. Ill never forget the days _ we worked tog

31、ether. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he gave.when/ in which(that/which)where /in which(which/ that)why /for whichthat/ which及物動詞及物動詞及物動

32、詞及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞六六. 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句1. 非限制性定語從句的定義非限制性定語從句的定義非限制性定語從句是對被修飾部分進展附加闡非限制性定語從句是對被修飾部分進展附加闡明，假設(shè)去掉，主句的意思依然完好或清楚。明，假設(shè)去掉，主句的意思依然完好或清楚。它和主句之間的關(guān)系比較松散，因此常用逗號它和主句之間的關(guān)系比較松散，因此常用逗號隔開。不用隔開。不用that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)My watch, which is very old, stopped again.2.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別(1)限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系非常親密

33、，限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系非常親密，假設(shè)省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從句之假設(shè)省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從句之間不用逗號隔開。而非限制性定語從句那么間不用逗號隔開。而非限制性定語從句那么不然。試比較：不然。試比較：This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book, which is easy to understand.(2)限制性定語從句的先行詞總是一個名詞或一個限制性定語從句的先行詞總是一個名詞或一個代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個詞，也可以是部分或整個主句的意思。此

34、時，普詞，也可以是部分或整個主句的意思。此時，普通用關(guān)系代詞通用關(guān)系代詞as或或which引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。(4)在非限制性定語從句中，不能省略關(guān)系代在非限制性定語從句中，不能省略關(guān)系代詞，而在限制性定語從句中那么可以。詞，而在限制性定語從句中那么可以。(3)限制性定語從句可以用關(guān)系代詞限制性定語從句可以用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)，而非引導(dǎo)，而非限制性定語從句那么不能。限制性定語從句那么不能。(5)關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作介詞的賓語關(guān)系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，介詞前可以有被介詞短語所修飾的詞。如：時，介詞前可以有被介詞短語所修飾的詞。如：(6)在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞還可以在

35、非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞還可以作介詞的賓語。作介詞的賓語。He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying.3. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as, which引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句時的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句時的區(qū)別(1)as和和which都可指主句的整個意思，而不是主都可指主句的整個意思，而不是主句中的某一個詞。句中的某一個詞。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還可插入主既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還

36、可插入主句中；而句中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句普通置于引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句普通置于主句之后。如：主句之后。如：The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.(2) as多用于以下習(xí)慣用語中多用于以下習(xí)慣用語中as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那樣正如人人都能看到的那樣as is well known = as is known to all 眾所周知眾

37、所周知as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣as often happens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣as has been said before 如上所述如上所述as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的4. “介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞構(gòu)造引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系代詞構(gòu)造引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，普通有以下幾種構(gòu)造：普通有以下幾種構(gòu)造：(1)名詞名詞+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：They live in a house, the door of which faces south.(2)代詞代詞+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞

38、：關(guān)系代詞：There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard.(3)數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.(4)描畫詞比較級描畫詞比較級/最高級最高級+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.穩(wěn)定練習(xí)1. I still r

39、emember the days _ I worked with the farmers. I still remember the days _ I spent with the farmers. A. which B. on which C. when D. what2. We were on the way _ it began to rain. I dont like the way _ you speak to your parents. A. when B. that C. how D. which CAABin which/ 3. The teacher didnt know t

40、he reason _ she was absent yesterday. The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday. A. how B. why C. that D. who4. Is this school _ you ever visited? Is this the school _ you ever studied? Is this the school in _ you ever studied? A. where B. which C. that D. the oneBCDAB5. This i

41、s _ he said at the meeting yesterday. This is all _ he said at the meeting yesterday. A. that B. which C. what D. how6. _ is reported in the newspapers, they have beaten all the other teams. _ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other teams. _ is reported in the newspaper is t

42、hat they have beaten all the other teams. A. It B. As C. Which D. What CABAD7. It was such an easy question _ they could answer. It was such an easy question _ they could answer it. A. that B. as C. which D. what8. That is the house, _ windows hasnt been cleaned for months. That is the house, _ the

43、windows hasnt been cleaned for months. That is the house, but _ windows hasnt been cleaned for months. A. its B. its C. whose D. of whichBACDB9. John said hed been working in the office for hours, _ was true. John said hed been working in the office for hours, but _ is not true. A. he B. it C. which D. who 10. A few people were caught in the big fire, _ died. A few people were caught in the big f